Address second CodeRabbit review round

Use native synchronous z-order binding (koffi) instead of async PowerShell
for overlay positioning, eliminating the 200-500ms delay that left the overlay
behind mpv after restore. Hide the overlay immediately when mpv is minimized
so the full show/reveal/z-order flow triggers cleanly on restore.

Also adds hover suppression after visibility recovery and window resize to
prevent spurious auto-pause, Windows secondary subtitle titlebar fix, and
z-order sync burst retries on geometry changes.

backlog/tasks/task-285 - Investigate-inconsistent-mpv-y-t-overlay-toggle-after-menu-toggle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+id: TASK-285
+title: Investigate inconsistent mpv y-t overlay toggle after menu toggle
+status: To Do
+assignee: []
+created_date: '2026-04-07 22:55'
+updated_date: '2026-04-07 22:55'
+labels:
+  - bug
+  - overlay
+  - keyboard
+  - mpv
+dependencies: []
+references:
+  - plugin/subminer/process.lua
+  - plugin/subminer/ui.lua
+  - src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts
+  - src/main/runtime/autoplay-ready-gate.ts
+  - src/core/services/overlay-window-input.ts
+  - backlog/tasks/task-248 - Fix-macOS-visible-overlay-toggle-getting-immediately-restored.md
+priority: high
+---
+
+## Description
+
+<!-- SECTION:DESCRIPTION:BEGIN -->
+User report: toggling the visible overlay with mpv `y-t` is inconsistent. After manually toggling through the `y-y` menu, `y-t` may allow one hide, but after toggling back on it can stop hiding the overlay again, forcing the user back into the menu path.
+
+Initial assessment:
+
+- no active backlog item currently tracks this exact report
+- nearest prior work is `TASK-248`, which fixed a macOS-specific visible-overlay restore bug and is marked done
+- current targeted regressions for the old fix surface pass, including plugin ready-signal suppression, focused-overlay `y-t` proxy dispatch, autoplay-ready gate deduplication, and blur-path restacking guards
+
+This should be treated as a fresh investigation unless reproduction proves it is the same closed macOS issue resurfacing on the current build.
+<!-- SECTION:DESCRIPTION:END -->
+
+## Acceptance Criteria
+<!-- AC:BEGIN -->
+- [ ] #1 Reproduce the reported `y-t` / `y-y` inconsistency on the affected platform and identify the exact event sequence
+- [ ] #2 Determine whether the failure is in mpv plugin command dispatch, focused-overlay key forwarding, or main-process visible-overlay state transitions
+- [ ] #3 Fix the inconsistency so repeated hide/show/hide cycles work from `y-t` without requiring menu recovery
+- [ ] #4 Add regression coverage for the reproduced failing sequence
+- [ ] #5 Record whether this is a regression of `TASK-248` or a distinct bug
+<!-- AC:END -->
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+<!-- SECTION:PLAN:BEGIN -->
+1. Reproduce the report with platform/build details and capture whether the failing `y-t` press originates in raw mpv or the focused overlay y-chord proxy path.
+2. Trace visible-overlay state mutations across plugin toggle commands, autoplay-ready callbacks, and main-process visibility/window blur handling.
+3. Patch the narrowest failing path and add regression coverage for the exact hide/show/hide sequence.
+4. Re-run targeted plugin, overlay visibility, overlay window, and renderer keyboard suites before broader verification.
+<!-- SECTION:PLAN:END -->

bun.lock

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
         "commander": "^14.0.3",
         "hono": "^4.12.7",
         "jsonc-parser": "^3.3.1",
+        "koffi": "^2.15.6",
         "libsql": "^0.5.22",
         "ws": "^8.19.0",
       },
@@ -478,6 +479,8 @@
 
     "keyv": ["keyv@4.5.4", "", { "dependencies": { "json-buffer": "3.0.1" } }, "sha512-oxVHkHR/EJf2CNXnWxRLW6mg7JyCCUcG0DtEGmL2ctUo1PNTin1PUil+r/+4r5MpVgC/fn1kjsx7mjSujKqIpw=="],
 
+    "koffi": ["koffi@2.15.6", "", {}, "sha512-WQBpM5uo74UQ17UpsFN+PUOrQQg4/nYdey4SGVluQun2drYYfePziLLWdSmFb4wSdWlJC1aimXQnjhPCheRKuw=="],
+
     "lazy-val": ["lazy-val@1.0.5", "", {}, "sha512-0/BnGCCfyUMkBpeDgWihanIAF9JmZhHBgUhEqzvf+adhNGLoP6TaiI5oF8oyb3I45P+PcnrqihSf01M0l0G5+Q=="],
 
     "libsql": ["libsql@0.5.28", "", { "dependencies": { "@neon-rs/load": "^0.0.4", "detect-libc": "2.0.2" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@libsql/darwin-arm64": "0.5.28", "@libsql/darwin-x64": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-arm-gnueabihf": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-arm-musleabihf": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-arm64-gnu": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-arm64-musl": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-x64-gnu": "0.5.28", "@libsql/linux-x64-musl": "0.5.28", "@libsql/win32-x64-msvc": "0.5.28" }, "os": [ "linux", "win32", "darwin", ], "cpu": [ "arm", "x64", "arm64", ] }, "sha512-wKqx9FgtPcKHdPfR/Kfm0gejsnbuf8zV+ESPmltFvsq5uXwdeN9fsWn611DmqrdXj1e94NkARcMA2f1syiAqOg=="],

changes/fix-windows-coderabbit-review-follow-ups.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+type: fixed
+area: overlay
+
+- Addressed the latest CodeRabbit follow-ups on the Windows overlay flow, including exact mpv target resolution, lower-overlay helper arguments, Win32 failure detection, and overlay cleanup on tracker loss.

changes/fix-windows-overlay-z-order.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+type: fixed
+area: overlay
+
+- Fixed Windows overlay z-order so the visible subtitle overlay stops staying above unrelated apps after mpv loses focus.
+- Fixed Windows overlay tracking to use native window polling and owner/z-order binding, which keeps the subtitle overlay aligned to the active mpv window more reliably.
+- Fixed Windows overlay hide/restore behavior so minimizing mpv immediately hides the overlay and restoring mpv brings it back on top of the mpv window without requiring a click.
+- Fixed stats overlay layering so the in-player stats page now stays above mpv and the subtitle overlay while it is open.
+- Fixed Windows subtitle overlay stability so transient tracker misses and restore events keep the current subtitle visible instead of waiting for the next subtitle line.
+- Fixed Windows focus handoff from the interactive subtitle overlay back to mpv so the overlay no longer drops behind mpv and briefly disappears.
+- Fixed Windows visible-overlay startup so it no longer briefly opens as an interactive or opaque surface before the tracked transparent overlay state settles.
+- Fixed spurious auto-pause after overlay visibility recovery and window resize so the overlay no longer pauses mpv until the pointer genuinely re-enters the subtitle area.

changes/fix-windows-secondary-hover-titlebar.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+type: fixed
+area: overlay
+
+- Fixed Windows secondary subtitle hover mode so the expanded hover hit area no longer blocks the native minimize, maximize, and close buttons.

package.json

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
     "commander": "^14.0.3",
     "hono": "^4.12.7",
     "jsonc-parser": "^3.3.1",
+    "koffi": "^2.15.6",
     "libsql": "^0.5.22",
     "ws": "^8.19.0"
   },

plugin/subminer/bootstrap.lua

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function M.init()
 	local utils = require("mp.utils")
 
 	local options_helper = require("options")
-	local environment = require("environment").create({ mp = mp })
+	local environment = require("environment").create({ mp = mp, utils = utils })
 	local opts = options_helper.load(options_lib, environment.default_socket_path())
 	local state = require("state").new()
 
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ function M.init()
 	ctx.process = make_lazy_proxy("process", function()
 		return require("process").create(ctx)
 	end)
+	ctx.session_bindings = make_lazy_proxy("session_bindings", function()
+		return require("session_bindings").create(ctx)
+	end)
 	ctx.ui = make_lazy_proxy("ui", function()
 		return require("ui").create(ctx)
 	end)
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ function M.init()
 	end)
 
 	ctx.ui.register_keybindings()
+	ctx.session_bindings.register_bindings()
 	ctx.messages.register_script_messages()
 	ctx.lifecycle.register_lifecycle_hooks()
 	ctx.log.subminer_log("info", "lifecycle", "SubMiner plugin loaded")

plugin/subminer/environment.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 local M = {}
+local unpack_fn = table.unpack or unpack
 
 function M.create(ctx)
 	local mp = ctx.mp
+	local utils = ctx.utils
 
 	local detected_backend = nil
 	local app_running_cache_value = nil
@@ -30,6 +32,57 @@ function M.create(ctx)
 		return "/tmp/subminer-socket"
 	end
 
+	local function path_separator()
+		return is_windows() and "\\" or "/"
+	end
+
+	local function join_path(...)
+		local parts = { ... }
+		if utils and type(utils.join_path) == "function" then
+			return utils.join_path(unpack_fn(parts))
+		end
+		return table.concat(parts, path_separator())
+	end
+
+	local function file_exists(path)
+		if not utils or type(utils.file_info) ~= "function" then
+			return false
+		end
+		return utils.file_info(path) ~= nil
+	end
+
+	local function resolve_subminer_config_dir()
+		local home = os.getenv("HOME") or os.getenv("USERPROFILE") or ""
+		local candidates = {}
+		if is_windows() then
+			local app_data = os.getenv("APPDATA") or join_path(home, "AppData", "Roaming")
+			candidates = {
+				join_path(app_data, "SubMiner"),
+			}
+		else
+			local xdg_config_home = os.getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")
+			local primary_base = (type(xdg_config_home) == "string" and xdg_config_home ~= "")
+					and xdg_config_home
+				or join_path(home, ".config")
+			candidates = {
+				join_path(primary_base, "SubMiner"),
+				join_path(home, ".config", "SubMiner"),
+			}
+		end
+
+		for _, dir in ipairs(candidates) do
+			if file_exists(join_path(dir, "config.jsonc")) or file_exists(join_path(dir, "config.json")) or file_exists(dir) then
+				return dir
+			end
+		end
+
+		return candidates[1]
+	end
+
+	local function resolve_session_bindings_artifact_path()
+		return join_path(resolve_subminer_config_dir(), "session-bindings.json")
+	end
+
 	local function is_linux()
 		return not is_windows() and not is_macos()
 	end
@@ -198,7 +251,10 @@ function M.create(ctx)
 		is_windows = is_windows,
 		is_macos = is_macos,
 		is_linux = is_linux,
+		join_path = join_path,
 		default_socket_path = default_socket_path,
+		resolve_subminer_config_dir = resolve_subminer_config_dir,
+		resolve_session_bindings_artifact_path = resolve_session_bindings_artifact_path,
 		is_subminer_process_running = is_subminer_process_running,
 		is_subminer_app_running = is_subminer_app_running,
 		is_subminer_app_running_async = is_subminer_app_running_async,

plugin/subminer/messages.lua

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ function M.create(ctx)
 		mp.register_script_message("subminer-stats-toggle", function()
 			mp.osd_message("Stats: press ` (backtick) in overlay", 3)
 		end)
+		mp.register_script_message("subminer-reload-session-bindings", function()
+			ctx.session_bindings.reload_bindings()
+		end)
 	end
 
 	return {

plugin/subminer/session_bindings.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+local M = {}
+
+local unpack_fn = table.unpack or unpack
+
+local KEY_NAME_MAP = {
+	Space = "SPACE",
+	Tab = "TAB",
+	Enter = "ENTER",
+	Escape = "ESC",
+	Backspace = "BS",
+	Delete = "DEL",
+	ArrowUp = "UP",
+	ArrowDown = "DOWN",
+	ArrowLeft = "LEFT",
+	ArrowRight = "RIGHT",
+	Slash = "/",
+	Backslash = "\\",
+	Minus = "-",
+	Equal = "=",
+	Comma = ",",
+	Period = ".",
+	Quote = "'",
+	Semicolon = ";",
+	BracketLeft = "[",
+	BracketRight = "]",
+	Backquote = "`",
+}
+
+local MODIFIER_MAP = {
+	ctrl = "Ctrl",
+	alt = "Alt",
+	shift = "Shift",
+	meta = "Meta",
+}
+
+function M.create(ctx)
+	local mp = ctx.mp
+	local utils = ctx.utils
+	local state = ctx.state
+	local process = ctx.process
+	local environment = ctx.environment
+	local subminer_log = ctx.log.subminer_log
+	local show_osd = ctx.log.show_osd
+
+	local function read_file(path)
+		local handle = io.open(path, "r")
+		if not handle then
+			return nil
+		end
+		local content = handle:read("*a")
+		handle:close()
+		return content
+	end
+
+	local function remove_binding_names(names)
+		for _, name in ipairs(names) do
+			mp.remove_key_binding(name)
+		end
+		for index = #names, 1, -1 do
+			names[index] = nil
+		end
+	end
+
+	local function key_code_to_mpv_name(code)
+		if KEY_NAME_MAP[code] then
+			return KEY_NAME_MAP[code]
+		end
+
+		local letter = code:match("^Key([A-Z])$")
+		if letter then
+			return string.lower(letter)
+		end
+
+		local digit = code:match("^Digit([0-9])$")
+		if digit then
+			return digit
+		end
+
+		local function_key = code:match("^(F%d+)$")
+		if function_key then
+			return function_key
+		end
+
+		return nil
+	end
+
+	local function key_spec_to_mpv_binding(key)
+		if type(key) ~= "table" then
+			return nil
+		end
+
+		local key_name = key_code_to_mpv_name(key.code)
+		if not key_name then
+			return nil
+		end
+
+		local parts = {}
+		for _, modifier in ipairs(key.modifiers or {}) do
+			local mapped = MODIFIER_MAP[modifier]
+			if mapped then
+				parts[#parts + 1] = mapped
+			end
+		end
+		parts[#parts + 1] = key_name
+		return table.concat(parts, "+")
+	end
+
+	local function build_cli_args(action_id, payload)
+		if action_id == "toggleVisibleOverlay" then
+			return { "--toggle-visible-overlay" }
+		elseif action_id == "copySubtitle" then
+			return { "--copy-subtitle" }
+		elseif action_id == "copySubtitleMultiple" then
+			return { "--copy-subtitle-count", tostring(payload and payload.count or 1) }
+		elseif action_id == "updateLastCardFromClipboard" then
+			return { "--update-last-card-from-clipboard" }
+		elseif action_id == "triggerFieldGrouping" then
+			return { "--trigger-field-grouping" }
+		elseif action_id == "triggerSubsync" then
+			return { "--trigger-subsync" }
+		elseif action_id == "mineSentence" then
+			return { "--mine-sentence" }
+		elseif action_id == "mineSentenceMultiple" then
+			return { "--mine-sentence-count", tostring(payload and payload.count or 1) }
+		elseif action_id == "toggleSecondarySub" then
+			return { "--toggle-secondary-sub" }
+		elseif action_id == "markAudioCard" then
+			return { "--mark-audio-card" }
+		elseif action_id == "openRuntimeOptions" then
+			return { "--open-runtime-options" }
+		elseif action_id == "openJimaku" then
+			return { "--open-jimaku" }
+		elseif action_id == "openYoutubePicker" then
+			return { "--open-youtube-picker" }
+		elseif action_id == "openPlaylistBrowser" then
+			return { "--open-playlist-browser" }
+		elseif action_id == "replayCurrentSubtitle" then
+			return { "--replay-current-subtitle" }
+		elseif action_id == "playNextSubtitle" then
+			return { "--play-next-subtitle" }
+		elseif action_id == "shiftSubDelayPrevLine" then
+			return { "--shift-sub-delay-prev-line" }
+		elseif action_id == "shiftSubDelayNextLine" then
+			return { "--shift-sub-delay-next-line" }
+		end
+
+		return nil
+	end
+
+	local function invoke_cli_action(action_id, payload)
+		if not process.check_binary_available() then
+			show_osd("Error: binary not found")
+			return
+		end
+
+		local cli_args = build_cli_args(action_id, payload)
+		if not cli_args then
+			subminer_log("warn", "session-bindings", "No CLI mapping for action: " .. tostring(action_id))
+			return
+		end
+
+		local args = { state.binary_path }
+		for _, arg in ipairs(cli_args) do
+			args[#args + 1] = arg
+		end
+		process.run_binary_command_async(args, function(ok, result, error)
+			if ok then
+				return
+			end
+			local reason = error or (result and result.stderr) or "unknown error"
+			subminer_log("warn", "session-bindings", "Session action failed: " .. tostring(reason))
+			show_osd("Session action failed")
+		end)
+	end
+
+	local function clear_numeric_selection(show_cancelled)
+		if state.session_numeric_selection and state.session_numeric_selection.timeout then
+			state.session_numeric_selection.timeout:kill()
+		end
+		state.session_numeric_selection = nil
+		remove_binding_names(state.session_numeric_binding_names)
+		if show_cancelled then
+			show_osd("Cancelled")
+		end
+	end
+
+	local function start_numeric_selection(action_id, timeout_ms)
+		clear_numeric_selection(false)
+		for digit = 1, 9 do
+			local digit_string = tostring(digit)
+			local name = "subminer-session-digit-" .. digit_string
+			state.session_numeric_binding_names[#state.session_numeric_binding_names + 1] = name
+			mp.add_forced_key_binding(digit_string, name, function()
+				clear_numeric_selection(false)
+				invoke_cli_action(action_id, { count = digit })
+			end)
+		end
+
+		state.session_numeric_binding_names[#state.session_numeric_binding_names + 1] =
+			"subminer-session-digit-cancel"
+		mp.add_forced_key_binding("ESC", "subminer-session-digit-cancel", function()
+			clear_numeric_selection(true)
+		end)
+
+		state.session_numeric_selection = {
+			action_id = action_id,
+			timeout = mp.add_timeout((timeout_ms or 3000) / 1000, function()
+				clear_numeric_selection(false)
+				show_osd(action_id == "copySubtitleMultiple" and "Copy timeout" or "Mine timeout")
+			end),
+		}
+
+		show_osd(
+			action_id == "copySubtitleMultiple"
+					and "Copy how many lines? Press 1-9 (Esc to cancel)"
+				or "Mine how many lines? Press 1-9 (Esc to cancel)"
+		)
+	end
+
+	local function execute_mpv_command(command)
+		if type(command) ~= "table" or command[1] == nil then
+			return
+		end
+		mp.commandv(unpack_fn(command))
+	end
+
+	local function handle_binding(binding, numeric_selection_timeout_ms)
+		if binding.actionType == "mpv-command" then
+			execute_mpv_command(binding.command)
+			return
+		end
+
+		if binding.actionId == "copySubtitleMultiple" or binding.actionId == "mineSentenceMultiple" then
+			start_numeric_selection(binding.actionId, numeric_selection_timeout_ms)
+			return
+		end
+
+		invoke_cli_action(binding.actionId, binding.payload)
+	end
+
+	local function load_artifact()
+		local artifact_path = environment.resolve_session_bindings_artifact_path()
+		local raw = read_file(artifact_path)
+		if not raw or raw == "" then
+			return nil, "Missing session binding artifact: " .. tostring(artifact_path)
+		end
+
+		local parsed, parse_error = utils.parse_json(raw)
+		if not parsed then
+			return nil, "Failed to parse session binding artifact: " .. tostring(parse_error)
+		end
+		if type(parsed) ~= "table" or type(parsed.bindings) ~= "table" then
+			return nil, "Invalid session binding artifact"
+		end
+
+		return parsed, nil
+	end
+
+	local function clear_bindings()
+		clear_numeric_selection(false)
+		remove_binding_names(state.session_binding_names)
+	end
+
+	local function register_bindings()
+		local artifact, load_error = load_artifact()
+		if not artifact then
+			subminer_log("warn", "session-bindings", load_error)
+			return false
+		end
+
+		clear_numeric_selection(false)
+
+		local previous_binding_names = state.session_binding_names
+		local next_binding_names = {}
+		state.session_binding_names = next_binding_names
+
+		local timeout_ms = tonumber(artifact.numericSelectionTimeoutMs) or 3000
+		for index, binding in ipairs(artifact.bindings) do
+			local key_name = key_spec_to_mpv_binding(binding.key)
+			if key_name then
+				local name = "subminer-session-binding-" .. tostring(index)
+				next_binding_names[#next_binding_names + 1] = name
+				mp.add_forced_key_binding(key_name, name, function()
+					handle_binding(binding, timeout_ms)
+				end)
+			else
+				subminer_log(
+					"warn",
+					"session-bindings",
+					"Skipped unsupported key code from artifact: " .. tostring(binding.key and binding.key.code or "unknown")
+				)
+			end
+		end
+
+		remove_binding_names(previous_binding_names)
+
+		subminer_log(
+			"info",
+			"session-bindings",
+			"Registered " .. tostring(#next_binding_names) .. " shared session bindings"
+		)
+		return true
+	end
+
+	local function reload_bindings()
+		return register_bindings()
+	end
+
+	return {
+		register_bindings = register_bindings,
+		reload_bindings = reload_bindings,
+		clear_bindings = clear_bindings,
+	}
+end
+
+return M

plugin/subminer/state.lua

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ function M.new()
 		auto_play_ready_timeout = nil,
 		auto_play_ready_osd_timer = nil,
 		suppress_ready_overlay_restore = false,
+		session_binding_names = {},
+		session_numeric_binding_names = {},
+		session_numeric_selection = nil,
 	}
 end
 

scripts/get-mpv-window-windows.ps1

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 param(
-  [ValidateSet('geometry')]
+  [ValidateSet('geometry', 'foreground-process', 'bind-overlay', 'lower-overlay', 'set-owner', 'clear-owner', 'target-hwnd')]
   [string]$Mode = 'geometry',
-  [string]$SocketPath
+  [string]$SocketPath,
+  [string]$OverlayWindowHandle
 )
 
 $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
@@ -35,19 +36,126 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
   [DllImport("user32.dll")]
   public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();
 
+  [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+  [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+  public static extern bool SetWindowPos(
+    IntPtr hWnd,
+    IntPtr hWndInsertAfter,
+    int X,
+    int Y,
+    int cx,
+    int cy,
+    uint uFlags
+  );
+
   [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
   public static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint processId);
 
+  [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+  public static extern int GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);
+
   [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
   [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
   public static extern bool GetWindowRect(IntPtr hWnd, out RECT rect);
 
+  [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+  public static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);
+
+  [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+  public static extern IntPtr SetWindowLongPtr(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, IntPtr dwNewLong);
+
+  [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
+  public static extern void SetLastError(uint dwErrCode);
+
   [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")]
   public static extern int DwmGetWindowAttribute(IntPtr hwnd, int dwAttribute, out RECT pvAttribute, int cbAttribute);
 }
 "@
 
   $DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 9
+  $SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001
+  $SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002
+  $SWP_NOACTIVATE = 0x0010
+  $SWP_NOOWNERZORDER = 0x0200
+  $SWP_FLAGS = $SWP_NOSIZE -bor $SWP_NOMOVE -bor $SWP_NOACTIVATE -bor $SWP_NOOWNERZORDER
+  $GWL_EXSTYLE = -20
+  $WS_EX_TOPMOST = 0x00000008
+  $GWLP_HWNDPARENT = -8
+  $HWND_TOP = [IntPtr]::Zero
+  $HWND_BOTTOM = [IntPtr]::One
+  $HWND_TOPMOST = [IntPtr](-1)
+  $HWND_NOTOPMOST = [IntPtr](-2)
+
+  function Assert-SetWindowLongPtrSucceeded {
+    param(
+      [IntPtr]$Result,
+      [string]$Operation
+    )
+
+    if ($Result -ne [IntPtr]::Zero) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if ([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error() -eq 0) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    $lastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()
+    throw "$Operation failed ($lastError)"
+  }
+
+  function Assert-SetWindowPosSucceeded {
+    param(
+      [bool]$Result,
+      [string]$Operation
+    )
+
+    if ($Result) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    $lastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::GetLastWin32Error()
+    throw "$Operation failed ($lastError)"
+  }
+
+  if ($Mode -eq 'foreground-process') {
+    $foregroundWindow = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetForegroundWindow()
+    if ($foregroundWindow -eq [IntPtr]::Zero) {
+      Write-Output 'not-found'
+      exit 0
+    }
+
+    [uint32]$foregroundProcessId = 0
+    [void][SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindowThreadProcessId($foregroundWindow, [ref]$foregroundProcessId)
+    if ($foregroundProcessId -eq 0) {
+      Write-Output 'not-found'
+      exit 0
+    }
+
+    try {
+      $foregroundProcess = Get-Process -Id $foregroundProcessId -ErrorAction Stop
+    } catch {
+      Write-Output 'not-found'
+      exit 0
+    }
+
+    Write-Output "process=$($foregroundProcess.ProcessName)"
+    exit 0
+  }
+
+  if ($Mode -eq 'clear-owner') {
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($OverlayWindowHandle)) {
+      [Console]::Error.WriteLine('overlay-window-handle-required')
+      exit 1
+    }
+
+    [IntPtr]$overlayWindow = [IntPtr]([int64]$OverlayWindowHandle)
+    [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+    $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowLongPtr($overlayWindow, $GWLP_HWNDPARENT, [IntPtr]::Zero)
+    Assert-SetWindowLongPtrSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'clear-owner'
+    Write-Output 'ok'
+    exit 0
+  }
 
   function Get-WindowBounds {
     param([IntPtr]$hWnd)
@@ -90,6 +198,7 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
   }
 
   $mpvMatches = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[object]
+  $targetWindowState = 'not-found'
   $foregroundWindow = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetForegroundWindow()
   $callback = [SubMinerWindowsHelper+EnumWindowsProc]{
     param([IntPtr]$hWnd, [IntPtr]$lParam)
@@ -98,10 +207,6 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
       return $true
     }
 
-    if ([SubMinerWindowsHelper]::IsIconic($hWnd)) {
-      return $true
-    }
-
     [uint32]$windowProcessId = 0
     [void][SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindowThreadProcessId($hWnd, [ref]$windowProcessId)
     if ($windowProcessId -eq 0) {
@@ -131,11 +236,22 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
       }
     }
 
+    if ([SubMinerWindowsHelper]::IsIconic($hWnd)) {
+      if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($SocketPath) -and $targetWindowState -ne 'visible') {
+        $targetWindowState = 'minimized'
+      }
+      return $true
+    }
+
     $bounds = Get-WindowBounds -hWnd $hWnd
     if ($null -eq $bounds) {
       return $true
     }
 
+    if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($SocketPath)) {
+      $targetWindowState = 'visible'
+    }
+
     $mpvMatches.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
       HWnd = $hWnd
       X = $bounds.X
@@ -151,12 +267,45 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
 
   [void][SubMinerWindowsHelper]::EnumWindows($callback, [IntPtr]::Zero)
 
+  if ($Mode -eq 'lower-overlay') {
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($OverlayWindowHandle)) {
+      [Console]::Error.WriteLine('overlay-window-handle-required')
+      exit 1
+    }
+
+    [IntPtr]$overlayWindow = [IntPtr]([int64]$OverlayWindowHandle)
+
+    [void][SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowPos(
+      $overlayWindow,
+      $HWND_NOTOPMOST,
+      0,
+      0,
+      0,
+      0,
+      $SWP_FLAGS
+    )
+    [void][SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowPos(
+      $overlayWindow,
+      $HWND_BOTTOM,
+      0,
+      0,
+      0,
+      0,
+      $SWP_FLAGS
+    )
+    Write-Output 'ok'
+    exit 0
+  }
+
   $focusedMatch = $mpvMatches | Where-Object { $_.IsForeground } | Select-Object -First 1
   if ($null -ne $focusedMatch) {
     [Console]::Error.WriteLine('focus=focused')
   } else {
     [Console]::Error.WriteLine('focus=not-focused')
   }
+  if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($SocketPath)) {
+    [Console]::Error.WriteLine("state=$targetWindowState")
+  }
 
   if ($mpvMatches.Count -eq 0) {
     Write-Output 'not-found'
@@ -168,6 +317,83 @@ public static class SubMinerWindowsHelper {
   } else {
     $mpvMatches | Sort-Object -Property Area, Width, Height -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
   }
+
+  if ($Mode -eq 'target-hwnd') {
+    Write-Output "$($bestMatch.HWnd)"
+    exit 0
+  }
+
+  if ($Mode -eq 'set-owner') {
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($OverlayWindowHandle)) {
+      [Console]::Error.WriteLine('overlay-window-handle-required')
+      exit 1
+    }
+
+    [IntPtr]$overlayWindow = [IntPtr]([int64]$OverlayWindowHandle)
+    $targetWindow = [IntPtr]$bestMatch.HWnd
+    [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+    $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowLongPtr($overlayWindow, $GWLP_HWNDPARENT, $targetWindow)
+    Assert-SetWindowLongPtrSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'set-owner'
+    Write-Output 'ok'
+    exit 0
+  }
+
+  if ($Mode -eq 'bind-overlay') {
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($OverlayWindowHandle)) {
+      [Console]::Error.WriteLine('overlay-window-handle-required')
+      exit 1
+    }
+
+    [IntPtr]$overlayWindow = [IntPtr]([int64]$OverlayWindowHandle)
+    $targetWindow = [IntPtr]$bestMatch.HWnd
+    [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+    $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowLongPtr($overlayWindow, $GWLP_HWNDPARENT, $targetWindow)
+    Assert-SetWindowLongPtrSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'bind-overlay owner assignment'
+    $targetWindowExStyle = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindowLong($targetWindow, $GWL_EXSTYLE)
+    $targetWindowIsTopmost = ($targetWindowExStyle -band $WS_EX_TOPMOST) -ne 0
+
+    $overlayExStyle = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindowLong($overlayWindow, $GWL_EXSTYLE)
+    $overlayIsTopmost = ($overlayExStyle -band $WS_EX_TOPMOST) -ne 0
+    if ($targetWindowIsTopmost -and -not $overlayIsTopmost) {
+      [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+      $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowPos(
+        $overlayWindow, $HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, $SWP_FLAGS
+      )
+      Assert-SetWindowPosSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'bind-overlay topmost adjustment'
+    } elseif (-not $targetWindowIsTopmost -and $overlayIsTopmost) {
+      [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+      $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowPos(
+        $overlayWindow, $HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, $SWP_FLAGS
+      )
+      Assert-SetWindowPosSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'bind-overlay notopmost adjustment'
+    }
+
+    $GW_HWNDPREV = 3
+    $windowAboveMpv = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindow($targetWindow, $GW_HWNDPREV)
+
+    if ($windowAboveMpv -ne [IntPtr]::Zero -and $windowAboveMpv -eq $overlayWindow) {
+      Write-Output 'ok'
+      exit 0
+    }
+
+    $insertAfter = $HWND_TOP
+    if ($windowAboveMpv -ne [IntPtr]::Zero) {
+      $aboveExStyle = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::GetWindowLong($windowAboveMpv, $GWL_EXSTYLE)
+      $aboveIsTopmost = ($aboveExStyle -band $WS_EX_TOPMOST) -ne 0
+      if ($aboveIsTopmost -eq $targetWindowIsTopmost) {
+        $insertAfter = $windowAboveMpv
+      }
+    }
+
+    [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetLastError(0)
+    $result = [SubMinerWindowsHelper]::SetWindowPos(
+      $overlayWindow, $insertAfter, 0, 0, 0, 0, $SWP_FLAGS
+    )
+    Assert-SetWindowPosSucceeded -Result $result -Operation 'bind-overlay z-order adjustment'
+    Write-Output 'ok'
+    exit 0
+  }
+
   Write-Output "$($bestMatch.X),$($bestMatch.Y),$($bestMatch.Width),$($bestMatch.Height)"
 } catch {
   [Console]::Error.WriteLine($_.Exception.Message)

scripts/mkv-to-readme-video.sh

@@ -28,6 +28,27 @@ USAGE
 force=0
 generate_webp=0
 input=""
+ffmpeg_bin="${FFMPEG_BIN:-ffmpeg}"
+
+normalize_path() {
+	local value="$1"
+	if command -v cygpath > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+		case "$value" in
+			[A-Za-z]:\\* | [A-Za-z]:/*)
+				cygpath -u "$value"
+				return 0
+				;;
+		esac
+	fi
+	if [[ "$value" =~ ^([A-Za-z]):[\\/](.*)$ ]]; then
+		local drive="${BASH_REMATCH[1],,}"
+		local rest="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
+		rest="${rest//\\//}"
+		printf '/mnt/%s/%s\n' "$drive" "$rest"
+		return 0
+	fi
+	printf '%s\n' "$value"
+}
 
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
 	case "$1" in
@@ -63,9 +84,19 @@ if [[ -z "$input" ]]; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-if ! command -v ffmpeg > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-	echo "Error: ffmpeg is not installed or not in PATH." >&2
-	exit 1
+input="$(normalize_path "$input")"
+ffmpeg_bin="$(normalize_path "$ffmpeg_bin")"
+
+if [[ "$ffmpeg_bin" == */* ]]; then
+	if [[ ! -x "$ffmpeg_bin" ]]; then
+		echo "Error: ffmpeg binary is not executable: $ffmpeg_bin" >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+else
+	if ! command -v "$ffmpeg_bin" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo "Error: ffmpeg is not installed or not in PATH." >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
 fi
 
 if [[ ! -f "$input" ]]; then
@@ -102,7 +133,7 @@ fi
 
 has_encoder() {
 	local encoder="$1"
-	ffmpeg -hide_banner -encoders 2> /dev/null | awk -v encoder="$encoder" '$2 == encoder { found = 1 } END { exit(found ? 0 : 1) }'
+	"$ffmpeg_bin" -hide_banner -encoders 2> /dev/null | awk -v encoder="$encoder" '$2 == encoder { found = 1 } END { exit(found ? 0 : 1) }'
 }
 
 pick_webp_encoder() {
@@ -123,7 +154,7 @@ webm_vf="${crop_vf},fps=30"
 echo "Generating MP4: $mp4_out"
 if has_encoder "h264_nvenc"; then
 	echo "Trying GPU encoder for MP4: h264_nvenc"
-	if ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+	if "$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 		-vf "$crop_vf" \
 		-c:v h264_nvenc -preset p6 -rc:v vbr -cq:v 20 -b:v 0 \
 		-pix_fmt yuv420p -movflags +faststart \
@@ -132,7 +163,7 @@ if has_encoder "h264_nvenc"; then
 		:
 	else
 		echo "GPU MP4 encode failed; retrying with CPU encoder: libx264"
-		ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+		"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 			-vf "$crop_vf" \
 			-c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 20 \
 			-profile:v high -level 4.1 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
@@ -142,7 +173,7 @@ if has_encoder "h264_nvenc"; then
 	fi
 else
 	echo "Using CPU encoder for MP4: libx264"
-	ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+	"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 		-vf "$crop_vf" \
 		-c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 20 \
 		-profile:v high -level 4.1 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
@@ -154,7 +185,7 @@ fi
 echo "Generating WebM: $webm_out"
 if has_encoder "av1_nvenc"; then
 	echo "Trying GPU encoder for WebM: av1_nvenc"
-	if ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+	if "$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 		-vf "$webm_vf" \
 		-c:v av1_nvenc -preset p6 -cq:v 34 -b:v 0 \
 		-c:a libopus -b:a 96k \
@@ -162,7 +193,7 @@ if has_encoder "av1_nvenc"; then
 		:
 	else
 		echo "GPU WebM encode failed; retrying with CPU encoder: libvpx-vp9"
-		ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+		"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 			-vf "$webm_vf" \
 			-c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 34 -b:v 0 \
 			-row-mt 1 -threads 8 \
@@ -171,7 +202,7 @@ if has_encoder "av1_nvenc"; then
 	fi
 else
 	echo "Using CPU encoder for WebM: libvpx-vp9"
-	ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+	"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 		-vf "$webm_vf" \
 		-c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 34 -b:v 0 \
 		-row-mt 1 -threads 8 \
@@ -185,7 +216,7 @@ if [[ "$generate_webp" -eq 1 ]]; then
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Generating animated WebP with $webp_encoder: $webp_out"
-	ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
+	"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -i "$input" \
 		-vf "${crop_vf},fps=24,scale=960:-1:flags=lanczos" \
 		-c:v "$webp_encoder" \
 		-q:v 80 \
@@ -195,7 +226,7 @@ if [[ "$generate_webp" -eq 1 ]]; then
 fi
 
 echo "Generating poster: $poster_out"
-ffmpeg "$overwrite_flag" -ss 00:00:05 -i "$input" \
+"$ffmpeg_bin" "$overwrite_flag" -ss 00:00:05 -i "$input" \
 	-vf "$crop_vf" \
 	-vframes 1 \
 	-q:v 2 \

scripts/mkv-to-readme-video.test.ts

@@ -19,11 +19,33 @@ function writeExecutable(filePath: string, contents: string): void {
   fs.chmodSync(filePath, 0o755);
 }
 
+function shellQuote(value: string): string {
+  return `'${value.replace(/'/g, `'\"'\"'`)}'`;
+}
+
+function toBashPath(filePath: string): string {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') return filePath;
+
+  const normalized = filePath.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  const match = normalized.match(/^([A-Za-z]):\/(.*)$/);
+  if (!match) return normalized;
+
+  const drive = match[1]!;
+  const rest = match[2]!;
+  const probe = spawnSync('bash', ['-c', 'uname -s'], { encoding: 'utf8' });
+  if (probe.status === 0 && /linux/i.test(probe.stdout)) {
+    return `/mnt/${drive.toLowerCase()}/${rest}`;
+  }
+
+  return `${drive.toUpperCase()}:/${rest}`;
+}
+
 test('mkv-to-readme-video accepts libwebp_anim when libwebp is unavailable', () => {
   withTempDir((root) => {
     const binDir = path.join(root, 'bin');
     const inputPath = path.join(root, 'sample.mkv');
     const ffmpegLogPath = path.join(root, 'ffmpeg-args.log');
+    const ffmpegLogPathBash = toBashPath(ffmpegLogPath);
 
     fs.mkdirSync(binDir, { recursive: true });
     fs.writeFileSync(inputPath, 'fake-video', 'utf8');
@@ -44,22 +66,33 @@ EOF
   exit 0
 fi
 
-printf '%s\\n' "$*" >> "${ffmpegLogPath}"
+if [[ "$#" -eq 0 ]]; then
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+printf '%s\\n' "$*" >> "${ffmpegLogPathBash}"
 output=""
 for arg in "$@"; do
   output="$arg"
 done
+if [[ -z "$output" ]]; then
+  exit 0
+fi
 mkdir -p "$(dirname "$output")"
 touch "$output"
 `,
     );
 
-    const result = spawnSync('bash', ['scripts/mkv-to-readme-video.sh', '--webp', inputPath], {
+    const ffmpegShimPath = toBashPath(path.join(binDir, 'ffmpeg'));
+    const ffmpegShimDir = toBashPath(binDir);
+    const inputBashPath = toBashPath(inputPath);
+    const command = [
+      `chmod +x ${shellQuote(ffmpegShimPath)}`,
+      `PATH=${shellQuote(`${ffmpegShimDir}:`)}"$PATH"`,
+      `scripts/mkv-to-readme-video.sh --webp ${shellQuote(inputBashPath)}`,
+    ].join('; ');
+    const result = spawnSync('bash', ['-lc', command], {
       cwd: process.cwd(),
-      env: {
-        ...process.env,
-        PATH: `${binDir}:${process.env.PATH || ''}`,
-      },
       encoding: 'utf8',
     });
 

scripts/update-aur-package.sh

@@ -13,6 +13,26 @@ appimage=
 wrapper=
 assets=
 
+normalize_path() {
+  local value="$1"
+  if command -v cygpath >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    case "$value" in
+      [A-Za-z]:\\* | [A-Za-z]:/*)
+        cygpath -u "$value"
+        return 0
+        ;;
+    esac
+  fi
+  if [[ "$value" =~ ^([A-Za-z]):[\\/](.*)$ ]]; then
+    local drive="${BASH_REMATCH[1],,}"
+    local rest="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
+    rest="${rest//\\//}"
+    printf '/mnt/%s/%s\n' "$drive" "$rest"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  printf '%s\n' "$value"
+}
+
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
   case "$1" in
     --pkg-dir)
@@ -53,6 +73,10 @@ if [[ -z "$pkg_dir" || -z "$version" || -z "$appimage" || -z "$wrapper" || -z "$
 fi
 
 version="${version#v}"
+pkg_dir="$(normalize_path "$pkg_dir")"
+appimage="$(normalize_path "$appimage")"
+wrapper="$(normalize_path "$wrapper")"
+assets="$(normalize_path "$assets")"
 pkgbuild="${pkg_dir}/PKGBUILD"
 srcinfo="${pkg_dir}/.SRCINFO"
 
@@ -82,6 +106,9 @@ awk \
     found_pkgver = 0
     found_sha_block = 0
   }
+  {
+    sub(/\r$/, "")
+  }
   /^pkgver=/ {
     print "pkgver=" version
     found_pkgver = 1
@@ -140,6 +167,9 @@ awk \
     found_source_wrapper = 0
     found_source_assets = 0
   }
+  {
+    sub(/\r$/, "")
+  }
   /^\tpkgver = / {
     print "\tpkgver = " version
     found_pkgver = 1

scripts/update-aur-package.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { execFileSync, spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import crypto from 'node:crypto';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import os from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
@@ -9,6 +10,23 @@ function createWorkspace(name: string): string {
   return fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${name}-`));
 }
 
+function toBashPath(filePath: string): string {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') return filePath;
+
+  const normalized = filePath.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  const match = normalized.match(/^([A-Za-z]):\/(.*)$/);
+  if (!match) return normalized;
+
+  const drive = match[1]!;
+  const rest = match[2]!;
+  const probe = spawnSync('bash', ['-c', 'uname -s'], { encoding: 'utf8' });
+  if (probe.status === 0 && /linux/i.test(probe.stdout)) {
+    return `/mnt/${drive.toLowerCase()}/${rest}`;
+  }
+
+  return `${drive.toUpperCase()}:/${rest}`;
+}
+
 test('update-aur-package updates PKGBUILD and .SRCINFO without makepkg', () => {
   const workspace = createWorkspace('subminer-aur-package');
   const pkgDir = path.join(workspace, 'aur-subminer-bin');
@@ -29,15 +47,15 @@ test('update-aur-package updates PKGBUILD and .SRCINFO without makepkg', () => {
       [
         'scripts/update-aur-package.sh',
         '--pkg-dir',
-        pkgDir,
+        toBashPath(pkgDir),
         '--version',
         'v0.6.3',
         '--appimage',
-        appImagePath,
+        toBashPath(appImagePath),
         '--wrapper',
-        wrapperPath,
+        toBashPath(wrapperPath),
         '--assets',
-        assetsPath,
+        toBashPath(assetsPath),
       ],
       {
         cwd: process.cwd(),
@@ -47,8 +65,8 @@ test('update-aur-package updates PKGBUILD and .SRCINFO without makepkg', () => {
 
     const pkgbuild = fs.readFileSync(path.join(pkgDir, 'PKGBUILD'), 'utf8');
     const srcinfo = fs.readFileSync(path.join(pkgDir, '.SRCINFO'), 'utf8');
-    const expectedSums = [appImagePath, wrapperPath, assetsPath].map(
-      (filePath) => execFileSync('sha256sum', [filePath], { encoding: 'utf8' }).split(/\s+/)[0],
+    const expectedSums = [appImagePath, wrapperPath, assetsPath].map((filePath) =>
+      crypto.createHash('sha256').update(fs.readFileSync(filePath)).digest('hex'),
     );
 
     assert.match(pkgbuild, /^pkgver=0\.6\.3$/m);

src/cli/args.test.ts

@@ -73,6 +73,33 @@ test('parseArgs captures youtube startup forwarding flags', () => {
   assert.equal(shouldStartApp(args), true);
 });
 
+test('parseArgs captures session action forwarding flags', () => {
+  const args = parseArgs([
+    '--open-jimaku',
+    '--open-youtube-picker',
+    '--open-playlist-browser',
+    '--replay-current-subtitle',
+    '--play-next-subtitle',
+    '--shift-sub-delay-prev-line',
+    '--shift-sub-delay-next-line',
+    '--copy-subtitle-count',
+    '3',
+    '--mine-sentence-count=2',
+  ]);
+
+  assert.equal(args.openJimaku, true);
+  assert.equal(args.openYoutubePicker, true);
+  assert.equal(args.openPlaylistBrowser, true);
+  assert.equal(args.replayCurrentSubtitle, true);
+  assert.equal(args.playNextSubtitle, true);
+  assert.equal(args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine, true);
+  assert.equal(args.shiftSubDelayNextLine, true);
+  assert.equal(args.copySubtitleCount, 3);
+  assert.equal(args.mineSentenceCount, 2);
+  assert.equal(hasExplicitCommand(args), true);
+  assert.equal(shouldStartApp(args), true);
+});
+
 test('youtube playback does not use generic overlay-runtime bootstrap classification', () => {
   const args = parseArgs(['--youtube-play', 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=abc']);
 

src/cli/args.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@ export interface CliArgs {
   triggerSubsync: boolean;
   markAudioCard: boolean;
   openRuntimeOptions: boolean;
+  openJimaku: boolean;
+  openYoutubePicker: boolean;
+  openPlaylistBrowser: boolean;
+  replayCurrentSubtitle: boolean;
+  playNextSubtitle: boolean;
+  shiftSubDelayPrevLine: boolean;
+  shiftSubDelayNextLine: boolean;
+  copySubtitleCount?: number;
+  mineSentenceCount?: number;
   anilistStatus: boolean;
   anilistLogout: boolean;
   anilistSetup: boolean;
@@ -103,6 +112,13 @@ export function parseArgs(argv: string[]): CliArgs {
     triggerSubsync: false,
     markAudioCard: false,
     openRuntimeOptions: false,
+    openJimaku: false,
+    openYoutubePicker: false,
+    openPlaylistBrowser: false,
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: false,
+    playNextSubtitle: false,
+    shiftSubDelayPrevLine: false,
+    shiftSubDelayNextLine: false,
     anilistStatus: false,
     anilistLogout: false,
     anilistSetup: false,
@@ -180,6 +196,26 @@ export function parseArgs(argv: string[]): CliArgs {
     else if (arg === '--trigger-subsync') args.triggerSubsync = true;
     else if (arg === '--mark-audio-card') args.markAudioCard = true;
     else if (arg === '--open-runtime-options') args.openRuntimeOptions = true;
+    else if (arg === '--open-jimaku') args.openJimaku = true;
+    else if (arg === '--open-youtube-picker') args.openYoutubePicker = true;
+    else if (arg === '--open-playlist-browser') args.openPlaylistBrowser = true;
+    else if (arg === '--replay-current-subtitle') args.replayCurrentSubtitle = true;
+    else if (arg === '--play-next-subtitle') args.playNextSubtitle = true;
+    else if (arg === '--shift-sub-delay-prev-line') args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine = true;
+    else if (arg === '--shift-sub-delay-next-line') args.shiftSubDelayNextLine = true;
+    else if (arg.startsWith('--copy-subtitle-count=')) {
+      const value = Number(arg.split('=', 2)[1]);
+      if (Number.isInteger(value)) args.copySubtitleCount = value;
+    } else if (arg === '--copy-subtitle-count') {
+      const value = Number(readValue(argv[i + 1]));
+      if (Number.isInteger(value)) args.copySubtitleCount = value;
+    } else if (arg.startsWith('--mine-sentence-count=')) {
+      const value = Number(arg.split('=', 2)[1]);
+      if (Number.isInteger(value)) args.mineSentenceCount = value;
+    } else if (arg === '--mine-sentence-count') {
+      const value = Number(readValue(argv[i + 1]));
+      if (Number.isInteger(value)) args.mineSentenceCount = value;
+    }
     else if (arg === '--anilist-status') args.anilistStatus = true;
     else if (arg === '--anilist-logout') args.anilistLogout = true;
     else if (arg === '--anilist-setup') args.anilistSetup = true;
@@ -372,6 +408,15 @@ export function hasExplicitCommand(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     args.triggerSubsync ||
     args.markAudioCard ||
     args.openRuntimeOptions ||
+    args.openJimaku ||
+    args.openYoutubePicker ||
+    args.openPlaylistBrowser ||
+    args.replayCurrentSubtitle ||
+    args.playNextSubtitle ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayNextLine ||
+    args.copySubtitleCount !== undefined ||
+    args.mineSentenceCount !== undefined ||
     args.anilistStatus ||
     args.anilistLogout ||
     args.anilistSetup ||
@@ -424,6 +469,15 @@ export function isStandaloneTexthookerCommand(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     !args.triggerSubsync &&
     !args.markAudioCard &&
     !args.openRuntimeOptions &&
+    !args.openJimaku &&
+    !args.openYoutubePicker &&
+    !args.openPlaylistBrowser &&
+    !args.replayCurrentSubtitle &&
+    !args.playNextSubtitle &&
+    !args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine &&
+    !args.shiftSubDelayNextLine &&
+    args.copySubtitleCount === undefined &&
+    args.mineSentenceCount === undefined &&
     !args.anilistStatus &&
     !args.anilistLogout &&
     !args.anilistSetup &&
@@ -467,6 +521,15 @@ export function shouldStartApp(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     args.triggerSubsync ||
     args.markAudioCard ||
     args.openRuntimeOptions ||
+    args.openJimaku ||
+    args.openYoutubePicker ||
+    args.openPlaylistBrowser ||
+    args.replayCurrentSubtitle ||
+    args.playNextSubtitle ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayNextLine ||
+    args.copySubtitleCount !== undefined ||
+    args.mineSentenceCount !== undefined ||
     args.dictionary ||
     args.stats ||
     args.jellyfin ||
@@ -505,6 +568,15 @@ export function shouldRunSettingsOnlyStartup(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     !args.triggerSubsync &&
     !args.markAudioCard &&
     !args.openRuntimeOptions &&
+    !args.openJimaku &&
+    !args.openYoutubePicker &&
+    !args.openPlaylistBrowser &&
+    !args.replayCurrentSubtitle &&
+    !args.playNextSubtitle &&
+    !args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine &&
+    !args.shiftSubDelayNextLine &&
+    args.copySubtitleCount === undefined &&
+    args.mineSentenceCount === undefined &&
     !args.anilistStatus &&
     !args.anilistLogout &&
     !args.anilistSetup &&
@@ -547,7 +619,16 @@ export function commandNeedsOverlayRuntime(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     args.triggerFieldGrouping ||
     args.triggerSubsync ||
     args.markAudioCard ||
-    args.openRuntimeOptions
+    args.openRuntimeOptions ||
+    args.openJimaku ||
+    args.openYoutubePicker ||
+    args.openPlaylistBrowser ||
+    args.replayCurrentSubtitle ||
+    args.playNextSubtitle ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine ||
+    args.shiftSubDelayNextLine ||
+    args.copySubtitleCount !== undefined ||
+    args.mineSentenceCount !== undefined
   );
 }
 

src/core/services/app-lifecycle.test.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     triggerSubsync: false,
     markAudioCard: false,
     openRuntimeOptions: false,
+    openJimaku: false,
+    openYoutubePicker: false,
+    openPlaylistBrowser: false,
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: false,
+    playNextSubtitle: false,
+    shiftSubDelayPrevLine: false,
+    shiftSubDelayNextLine: false,
     anilistStatus: false,
     anilistLogout: false,
     anilistSetup: false,

src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts

@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     markAudioCard: false,
     refreshKnownWords: false,
     openRuntimeOptions: false,
+    openJimaku: false,
+    openYoutubePicker: false,
+    openPlaylistBrowser: false,
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: false,
+    playNextSubtitle: false,
+    shiftSubDelayPrevLine: false,
+    shiftSubDelayNextLine: false,
     anilistStatus: false,
     anilistLogout: false,
     anilistSetup: false,
@@ -143,6 +150,9 @@ function createDeps(overrides: Partial<CliCommandServiceDeps> = {}) {
     openRuntimeOptionsPalette: () => {
       calls.push('openRuntimeOptionsPalette');
     },
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {
+      calls.push('dispatchSessionAction');
+    },
     getAnilistStatus: () => ({
       tokenStatus: 'resolved',
       tokenSource: 'stored',

src/core/services/cli-command.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { CliArgs, CliCommandSource, commandNeedsOverlayRuntime } from '../../cli/args';
+import type { SessionActionDispatchRequest } from '../../types/runtime';
 
 export interface CliCommandServiceDeps {
   setLogLevel?: (level: NonNullable<CliArgs['logLevel']>) => void;
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ export interface CliCommandServiceDeps {
   triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
   markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
   openRuntimeOptionsPalette: () => void;
+  dispatchSessionAction: (request: SessionActionDispatchRequest) => Promise<void>;
   getAnilistStatus: () => {
     tokenStatus: 'not_checked' | 'resolved' | 'error';
     tokenSource: 'none' | 'literal' | 'stored';
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ export interface CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions {
   };
   ui: UiCliRuntime;
   app: AppCliRuntime;
+  dispatchSessionAction: (request: SessionActionDispatchRequest) => Promise<void>;
   getMultiCopyTimeoutMs: () => number;
   schedule: (fn: () => void, delayMs: number) => unknown;
   log: (message: string) => void;
@@ -226,6 +229,7 @@ export function createCliCommandDepsRuntime(
     triggerSubsyncFromConfig: options.mining.triggerSubsyncFromConfig,
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: options.mining.markLastCardAsAudioCard,
     openRuntimeOptionsPalette: options.ui.openRuntimeOptionsPalette,
+    dispatchSessionAction: options.dispatchSessionAction,
     getAnilistStatus: options.anilist.getStatus,
     clearAnilistToken: options.anilist.clearToken,
     openAnilistSetup: options.anilist.openSetup,
@@ -268,6 +272,19 @@ export function handleCliCommand(
   source: CliCommandSource = 'initial',
   deps: CliCommandServiceDeps,
 ): void {
+  const dispatchCliSessionAction = (
+    request: SessionActionDispatchRequest,
+    logLabel: string,
+    osdLabel: string,
+  ): void => {
+    runAsyncWithOsd(
+      () => deps.dispatchSessionAction?.(request) ?? Promise.resolve(),
+      deps,
+      logLabel,
+      osdLabel,
+    );
+  };
+
   if (args.logLevel) {
     deps.setLogLevel?.(args.logLevel);
   }
@@ -381,6 +398,56 @@ export function handleCliCommand(
     );
   } else if (args.openRuntimeOptions) {
     deps.openRuntimeOptionsPalette();
+  } else if (args.openJimaku) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction({ actionId: 'openJimaku' }, 'openJimaku', 'Open jimaku failed');
+  } else if (args.openYoutubePicker) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'openYoutubePicker' },
+      'openYoutubePicker',
+      'Open YouTube picker failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.openPlaylistBrowser) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'openPlaylistBrowser' },
+      'openPlaylistBrowser',
+      'Open playlist browser failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.replayCurrentSubtitle) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'replayCurrentSubtitle' },
+      'replayCurrentSubtitle',
+      'Replay subtitle failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.playNextSubtitle) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'playNextSubtitle' },
+      'playNextSubtitle',
+      'Play next subtitle failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.shiftSubDelayPrevLine) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'shiftSubDelayPrevLine' },
+      'shiftSubDelayPrevLine',
+      'Shift subtitle delay failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.shiftSubDelayNextLine) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'shiftSubDelayNextLine' },
+      'shiftSubDelayNextLine',
+      'Shift subtitle delay failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.copySubtitleCount !== undefined) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'copySubtitleMultiple', payload: { count: args.copySubtitleCount } },
+      'copySubtitleMultiple',
+      'Copy failed',
+    );
+  } else if (args.mineSentenceCount !== undefined) {
+    dispatchCliSessionAction(
+      { actionId: 'mineSentenceMultiple', payload: { count: args.mineSentenceCount } },
+      'mineSentenceMultiple',
+      'Mine sentence failed',
+    );
   } else if (args.anilistStatus) {
     const status = deps.getAnilistStatus();
     deps.log(`AniList token status: ${status.tokenStatus} (source=${status.tokenSource})`);

src/core/services/index.ts

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ export {
   createOverlayWindow,
   enforceOverlayLayerOrder,
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel,
+  isOverlayWindowContentReady,
   syncOverlayWindowLayer,
   updateOverlayWindowBounds,
 } from './overlay-window';

src/core/services/ipc.test.ts

@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ function createRegisterIpcDeps(overrides: Partial<IpcServiceDeps> = {}): IpcServ
     setMecabEnabled: () => {},
     handleMpvCommand: () => {},
     getKeybindings: () => [],
+    getSessionBindings: () => [],
     getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
     getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
     getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
     getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),
@@ -226,7 +228,9 @@ test('createIpcDepsRuntime wires AniList handlers', async () => {
     getMecabTokenizer: () => null,
     handleMpvCommand: () => {},
     getKeybindings: () => [],
+    getSessionBindings: () => [],
     getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
     getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
     getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
     getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),
@@ -382,7 +386,9 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers rejects malformed runtime-option payloads', async () =
       setMecabEnabled: () => {},
       handleMpvCommand: () => {},
       getKeybindings: () => [],
+      getSessionBindings: () => [],
       getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
       getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
       getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),
@@ -707,7 +713,9 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers ignores malformed fire-and-forget payloads', () => {
       setMecabEnabled: () => {},
       handleMpvCommand: () => {},
       getKeybindings: () => [],
+      getSessionBindings: () => [],
       getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
       getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
       getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),
@@ -786,7 +794,9 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers awaits saveControllerPreference through request-respon
       setMecabEnabled: () => {},
       handleMpvCommand: () => {},
       getKeybindings: () => [],
+      getSessionBindings: () => [],
       getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
       getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
       getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),
@@ -872,7 +882,9 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers rejects malformed controller preference payloads', asy
       setMecabEnabled: () => {},
       handleMpvCommand: () => {},
       getKeybindings: () => [],
+      getSessionBindings: () => [],
       getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}),
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
       getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
       getControllerConfig: () => createControllerConfigFixture(),

src/core/services/ipc.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import electron from 'electron';
-import type { IpcMainEvent } from 'electron';
+import type { BrowserWindow as ElectronBrowserWindow, IpcMainEvent } from 'electron';
 import type {
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
   ControllerConfigUpdate,
   PlaylistBrowserMutationResult,
   PlaylistBrowserSnapshot,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import type {
   SubtitlePosition,
   SubsyncManualRunRequest,
   SubsyncResult,
+  SessionActionDispatchRequest,
   YoutubePickerResolveRequest,
   YoutubePickerResolveResult,
 } from '../../types';
@@ -30,11 +32,14 @@ import {
   parseYoutubePickerResolveRequest,
 } from '../../shared/ipc/validators';
 
-const { BrowserWindow, ipcMain } = electron;
+const { ipcMain } = electron;
 
 export interface IpcServiceDeps {
   onOverlayModalClosed: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
-  onOverlayModalOpened?: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
+  onOverlayModalOpened?: (
+    modal: OverlayHostedModal,
+    senderWindow: ElectronBrowserWindow | null,
+  ) => void;
   openYomitanSettings: () => void;
   quitApp: () => void;
   toggleDevTools: () => void;
@@ -56,7 +61,9 @@ export interface IpcServiceDeps {
   setMecabEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => void;
   handleMpvCommand: (command: Array<string | number>) => void;
   getKeybindings: () => unknown;
+  getSessionBindings?: () => CompiledSessionBinding[];
   getConfiguredShortcuts: () => unknown;
+  dispatchSessionAction?: (request: SessionActionDispatchRequest) => void | Promise<void>;
   getStatsToggleKey: () => string;
   getMarkWatchedKey: () => string;
   getControllerConfig: () => ResolvedControllerConfig;
@@ -154,7 +161,10 @@ export interface IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
   getMainWindow: () => WindowLike | null;
   getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   onOverlayModalClosed: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
-  onOverlayModalOpened?: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
+  onOverlayModalOpened?: (
+    modal: OverlayHostedModal,
+    senderWindow: ElectronBrowserWindow | null,
+  ) => void;
   openYomitanSettings: () => void;
   quitApp: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
@@ -169,7 +179,9 @@ export interface IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
   getMecabTokenizer: () => MecabTokenizerLike | null;
   handleMpvCommand: (command: Array<string | number>) => void;
   getKeybindings: () => unknown;
+  getSessionBindings?: () => CompiledSessionBinding[];
   getConfiguredShortcuts: () => unknown;
+  dispatchSessionAction?: (request: SessionActionDispatchRequest) => void | Promise<void>;
   getStatsToggleKey: () => string;
   getMarkWatchedKey: () => string;
   getControllerConfig: () => ResolvedControllerConfig;
@@ -238,7 +250,9 @@ export function createIpcDepsRuntime(options: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions): IpcService
     },
     handleMpvCommand: options.handleMpvCommand,
     getKeybindings: options.getKeybindings,
+    getSessionBindings: options.getSessionBindings ?? (() => []),
     getConfiguredShortcuts: options.getConfiguredShortcuts,
+    dispatchSessionAction: options.dispatchSessionAction ?? (async () => {}),
     getStatsToggleKey: options.getStatsToggleKey,
     getMarkWatchedKey: options.getMarkWatchedKey,
     getControllerConfig: options.getControllerConfig,
@@ -299,7 +313,8 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     (event: unknown, ignore: unknown, options: unknown = {}) => {
       if (typeof ignore !== 'boolean') return;
       const parsedOptions = parseOptionalForwardingOptions(options);
-      const senderWindow = BrowserWindow.fromWebContents((event as IpcMainEvent).sender);
+      const senderWindow =
+        electron.BrowserWindow?.fromWebContents((event as IpcMainEvent).sender) ?? null;
       if (senderWindow && !senderWindow.isDestroyed()) {
         senderWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(ignore, parsedOptions);
       }
@@ -311,11 +326,13 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     if (!parsedModal) return;
     deps.onOverlayModalClosed(parsedModal);
   });
-  ipc.on(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened, (_event: unknown, modal: unknown) => {
+  ipc.on(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened, (event: unknown, modal: unknown) => {
     const parsedModal = parseOverlayHostedModal(modal);
     if (!parsedModal) return;
     if (!deps.onOverlayModalOpened) return;
-    deps.onOverlayModalOpened(parsedModal);
+    const senderWindow =
+      electron.BrowserWindow?.fromWebContents((event as IpcMainEvent).sender) ?? null;
+    deps.onOverlayModalOpened(parsedModal, senderWindow);
   });
 
   ipc.handle(
@@ -431,10 +448,36 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     deps.handleMpvCommand(parsedCommand);
   });
 
+  ipc.handle(
+    IPC_CHANNELS.command.dispatchSessionAction,
+    async (_event: unknown, request: unknown) => {
+      if (!request || typeof request !== 'object') {
+        throw new Error('Invalid session action payload');
+      }
+      const actionId =
+        typeof (request as Record<string, unknown>).actionId === 'string'
+          ? ((request as Record<string, unknown>).actionId as SessionActionDispatchRequest['actionId'])
+          : null;
+      if (!actionId) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid session action id');
+      }
+      const payload =
+        (request as Record<string, unknown>).payload &&
+        typeof (request as Record<string, unknown>).payload === 'object'
+          ? ((request as Record<string, unknown>).payload as SessionActionDispatchRequest['payload'])
+          : undefined;
+      await deps.dispatchSessionAction?.({ actionId, payload });
+    },
+  );
+
   ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getKeybindings, () => {
     return deps.getKeybindings();
   });
 
+  ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getSessionBindings, () => {
+    return deps.getSessionBindings?.() ?? [];
+  });
+
   ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getConfigShortcuts, () => {
     return deps.getConfiguredShortcuts();
   });

src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.test.ts

@@ -443,3 +443,214 @@ test('initializeOverlayRuntime refreshes visible overlay when tracker focus chan
 
   assert.equal(visibilityRefreshCalls, 2);
 });
+
+test('initializeOverlayRuntime refreshes the current subtitle when tracker finds the target window again', () => {
+  let subtitleRefreshCalls = 0;
+  const tracker = {
+    onGeometryChange: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowFound: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowLost: null as (() => void) | null,
+    onWindowFocusChange: null as ((focused: boolean) => void) | null,
+    start: () => {},
+  };
+
+  initializeOverlayRuntime({
+    backendOverride: null,
+    createMainWindow: () => {},
+    registerGlobalShortcuts: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
+    isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => {
+      subtitleRefreshCalls += 1;
+    },
+    getOverlayWindows: () => [],
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {},
+    setWindowTracker: () => {},
+    getMpvSocketPath: () => '/tmp/mpv.sock',
+    createWindowTracker: () => tracker as never,
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      ankiConnect: { enabled: false } as never,
+    }),
+    getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => null,
+    getMpvClient: () => null,
+    getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => null,
+    setAnkiIntegration: () => {},
+    showDesktopNotification: () => {},
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: () => async () => ({
+      keepNoteId: 1,
+      deleteNoteId: 2,
+      deleteDuplicate: false,
+      cancelled: false,
+    }),
+    getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => '/tmp/known-words-cache.json',
+  });
+
+  tracker.onWindowFound?.({ x: 100, y: 200, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  assert.equal(subtitleRefreshCalls, 1);
+});
+
+test('initializeOverlayRuntime hides overlay windows when tracker loses the target window', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const tracker = {
+    onGeometryChange: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowFound: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowLost: null as (() => void) | null,
+    onWindowFocusChange: null as ((focused: boolean) => void) | null,
+    isTargetWindowMinimized: () => true,
+    start: () => {},
+  };
+  const overlayWindows = [
+    {
+      hide: () => calls.push('hide-visible'),
+    },
+    {
+      hide: () => calls.push('hide-modal'),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  initializeOverlayRuntime({
+    backendOverride: null,
+    createMainWindow: () => {},
+    registerGlobalShortcuts: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
+    isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => {},
+    getOverlayWindows: () => overlayWindows as never,
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    setWindowTracker: () => {},
+    getMpvSocketPath: () => '/tmp/mpv.sock',
+    createWindowTracker: () => tracker as never,
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      ankiConnect: { enabled: false } as never,
+    }),
+    getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => null,
+    getMpvClient: () => null,
+    getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => null,
+    setAnkiIntegration: () => {},
+    showDesktopNotification: () => {},
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: () => async () => ({
+      keepNoteId: 1,
+      deleteNoteId: 2,
+      deleteDuplicate: false,
+      cancelled: false,
+    }),
+    getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => '/tmp/known-words-cache.json',
+  });
+
+  tracker.onWindowLost?.();
+
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['hide-visible', 'hide-modal', 'sync-shortcuts']);
+});
+
+test('initializeOverlayRuntime hides visible overlay on Windows tracker loss when target is not minimized', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const tracker = {
+    onGeometryChange: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowFound: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowLost: null as (() => void) | null,
+    onWindowFocusChange: null as ((focused: boolean) => void) | null,
+    isTargetWindowMinimized: () => false,
+    start: () => {},
+  };
+  const overlayWindows = [
+    {
+      hide: () => calls.push('hide-visible'),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  initializeOverlayRuntime({
+    backendOverride: null,
+    createMainWindow: () => {},
+    registerGlobalShortcuts: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
+    isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {
+      calls.push('update-visible');
+    },
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => {},
+    getOverlayWindows: () => overlayWindows as never,
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    setWindowTracker: () => {},
+    getMpvSocketPath: () => '/tmp/mpv.sock',
+    createWindowTracker: () => tracker as never,
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      ankiConnect: { enabled: false } as never,
+    }),
+    getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => null,
+    getMpvClient: () => null,
+    getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => null,
+    setAnkiIntegration: () => {},
+    showDesktopNotification: () => {},
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: () => async () => ({
+      keepNoteId: 1,
+      deleteNoteId: 2,
+      deleteDuplicate: false,
+      cancelled: false,
+    }),
+    getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => '/tmp/known-words-cache.json',
+  });
+
+  calls.length = 0;
+  tracker.onWindowLost?.();
+
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['hide-visible', 'sync-shortcuts']);
+});
+
+test('initializeOverlayRuntime restores overlay bounds and visibility when tracker finds the target window again', () => {
+  const bounds: Array<{ x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number }> = [];
+  let visibilityRefreshCalls = 0;
+  const tracker = {
+    onGeometryChange: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowFound: null as ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | null,
+    onWindowLost: null as (() => void) | null,
+    onWindowFocusChange: null as ((focused: boolean) => void) | null,
+    start: () => {},
+  };
+
+  initializeOverlayRuntime({
+    backendOverride: null,
+    createMainWindow: () => {},
+    registerGlobalShortcuts: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry) => {
+      bounds.push(geometry);
+    },
+    isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {
+      visibilityRefreshCalls += 1;
+    },
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => {},
+    getOverlayWindows: () => [],
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {},
+    setWindowTracker: () => {},
+    getMpvSocketPath: () => '/tmp/mpv.sock',
+    createWindowTracker: () => tracker as never,
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      ankiConnect: { enabled: false } as never,
+    }),
+    getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => null,
+    getMpvClient: () => null,
+    getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => null,
+    setAnkiIntegration: () => {},
+    showDesktopNotification: () => {},
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: () => async () => ({
+      keepNoteId: 1,
+      deleteNoteId: 2,
+      deleteDuplicate: false,
+      cancelled: false,
+    }),
+    getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => '/tmp/known-words-cache.json',
+  });
+
+  const restoredGeometry = { x: 100, y: 200, width: 1280, height: 720 };
+  tracker.onWindowFound?.(restoredGeometry);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(bounds, [restoredGeometry]);
+  assert.equal(visibilityRefreshCalls, 2);
+});

src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
+  refreshCurrentSubtitle?: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
     override?: string | null,
     targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null,
   ) => BaseWindowTracker | null;
+  bindOverlayOwner?: () => void;
+  releaseOverlayOwner?: () => void;
 }): void {
   options.createMainWindow();
   options.registerGlobalShortcuts();
@@ -94,11 +97,14 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
     };
     windowTracker.onWindowFound = (geometry: WindowGeometry) => {
       options.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
+      options.bindOverlayOwner?.();
       if (options.isVisibleOverlayVisible()) {
         options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+        options.refreshCurrentSubtitle?.();
       }
     };
     windowTracker.onWindowLost = () => {
+      options.releaseOverlayOwner?.();
       for (const window of options.getOverlayWindows()) {
         window.hide();
       }

src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ import {
   OverlayShortcutRuntimeDeps,
   runOverlayShortcutLocalFallback,
 } from './overlay-shortcut-handler';
-import { shouldActivateOverlayShortcuts } from './overlay-shortcut';
+import {
+  registerOverlayShortcutsRuntime,
+  shouldActivateOverlayShortcuts,
+  unregisterOverlayShortcutsRuntime,
+} from './overlay-shortcut';
 
 function makeShortcuts(overrides: Partial<ConfiguredShortcuts> = {}): ConfiguredShortcuts {
   return {
@@ -313,3 +317,85 @@ test('shouldActivateOverlayShortcuts preserves non-macOS behavior', () => {
     true,
   );
 });
+
+test('registerOverlayShortcutsRuntime reports active shortcuts when configured', () => {
+  const result = registerOverlayShortcutsRuntime({
+    getConfiguredShortcuts: () =>
+      ({
+        toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
+        copySubtitle: null,
+        copySubtitleMultiple: null,
+        updateLastCardFromClipboard: null,
+        triggerFieldGrouping: null,
+        triggerSubsync: null,
+        mineSentence: null,
+        mineSentenceMultiple: null,
+        multiCopyTimeoutMs: 2500,
+        toggleSecondarySub: null,
+        markAudioCard: null,
+        openRuntimeOptions: null,
+        openJimaku: 'Ctrl+J',
+      }) as never,
+    getOverlayHandlers: () => ({
+      copySubtitle: () => {},
+      copySubtitleMultiple: () => {},
+      updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => {},
+      triggerFieldGrouping: () => {},
+      triggerSubsync: () => {},
+      mineSentence: () => {},
+      mineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+      toggleSecondarySub: () => {},
+      markAudioCard: () => {},
+      openRuntimeOptions: () => {},
+      openJimaku: () => {},
+    }),
+    cancelPendingMultiCopy: () => {},
+    cancelPendingMineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result, true);
+});
+
+test('unregisterOverlayShortcutsRuntime clears pending shortcut work when active', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const result = unregisterOverlayShortcutsRuntime(true, {
+    getConfiguredShortcuts: () =>
+      ({
+        toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
+        copySubtitle: null,
+        copySubtitleMultiple: null,
+        updateLastCardFromClipboard: null,
+        triggerFieldGrouping: null,
+        triggerSubsync: null,
+        mineSentence: null,
+        mineSentenceMultiple: null,
+        multiCopyTimeoutMs: 2500,
+        toggleSecondarySub: null,
+        markAudioCard: null,
+        openRuntimeOptions: null,
+        openJimaku: null,
+      }) as never,
+    getOverlayHandlers: () => ({
+      copySubtitle: () => {},
+      copySubtitleMultiple: () => {},
+      updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => {},
+      triggerFieldGrouping: () => {},
+      triggerSubsync: () => {},
+      mineSentence: () => {},
+      mineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+      toggleSecondarySub: () => {},
+      markAudioCard: () => {},
+      openRuntimeOptions: () => {},
+      openJimaku: () => {},
+    }),
+    cancelPendingMultiCopy: () => {
+      calls.push('cancel-multi-copy');
+    },
+    cancelPendingMineSentenceMultiple: () => {
+      calls.push('cancel-mine-sentence-multiple');
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['cancel-multi-copy', 'cancel-mine-sentence-multiple']);
+});

src/core/services/overlay-shortcut.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import type { ConfiguredShortcuts } from '../utils/shortcut-config';
+import {
+  registerOverlayShortcuts,
+  syncOverlayShortcutsRuntime,
+  unregisterOverlayShortcutsRuntime,
+} from './overlay-shortcut';
+
+function createShortcuts(overrides: Partial<ConfiguredShortcuts> = {}): ConfiguredShortcuts {
+  return {
+    toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
+    copySubtitle: null,
+    copySubtitleMultiple: null,
+    updateLastCardFromClipboard: null,
+    triggerFieldGrouping: null,
+    triggerSubsync: null,
+    mineSentence: null,
+    mineSentenceMultiple: null,
+    multiCopyTimeoutMs: 2500,
+    toggleSecondarySub: null,
+    markAudioCard: null,
+    openRuntimeOptions: null,
+    openJimaku: null,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+test('registerOverlayShortcuts reports active overlay shortcuts when configured', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    registerOverlayShortcuts(createShortcuts({ openJimaku: 'Ctrl+J' }), {
+      copySubtitle: () => {},
+      copySubtitleMultiple: () => {},
+      updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => {},
+      triggerFieldGrouping: () => {},
+      triggerSubsync: () => {},
+      mineSentence: () => {},
+      mineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+      toggleSecondarySub: () => {},
+      markAudioCard: () => {},
+      openRuntimeOptions: () => {},
+      openJimaku: () => {},
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+});
+
+test('registerOverlayShortcuts stays inactive when overlay shortcuts are absent', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    registerOverlayShortcuts(createShortcuts(), {
+      copySubtitle: () => {},
+      copySubtitleMultiple: () => {},
+      updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => {},
+      triggerFieldGrouping: () => {},
+      triggerSubsync: () => {},
+      mineSentence: () => {},
+      mineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+      toggleSecondarySub: () => {},
+      markAudioCard: () => {},
+      openRuntimeOptions: () => {},
+      openJimaku: () => {},
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test('syncOverlayShortcutsRuntime deactivates cleanly when shortcuts were active', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const result = syncOverlayShortcutsRuntime(false, true, {
+    getConfiguredShortcuts: () => createShortcuts(),
+    getOverlayHandlers: () => ({
+      copySubtitle: () => {},
+      copySubtitleMultiple: () => {},
+      updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => {},
+      triggerFieldGrouping: () => {},
+      triggerSubsync: () => {},
+      mineSentence: () => {},
+      mineSentenceMultiple: () => {},
+      toggleSecondarySub: () => {},
+      markAudioCard: () => {},
+      openRuntimeOptions: () => {},
+      openJimaku: () => {},
+    }),
+    cancelPendingMultiCopy: () => {
+      calls.push('cancel-multi-copy');
+    },
+    cancelPendingMineSentenceMultiple: () => {
+      calls.push('cancel-mine-sentence-multiple');
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['cancel-multi-copy', 'cancel-mine-sentence-multiple']);
+});

src/core/services/overlay-shortcut.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-import electron from 'electron';
 import { ConfiguredShortcuts } from '../utils/shortcut-config';
-import { isGlobalShortcutRegisteredSafe } from './shortcut-fallback';
-import { createLogger } from '../../logger';
-
-const { globalShortcut } = electron;
-const logger = createLogger('main:overlay-shortcut-service');
 
 export interface OverlayShortcutHandlers {
   copySubtitle: () => void;
@@ -27,6 +21,27 @@ export interface OverlayShortcutLifecycleDeps {
   cancelPendingMineSentenceMultiple: () => void;
 }
 
+const OVERLAY_SHORTCUT_KEYS: Array<keyof Omit<ConfiguredShortcuts, 'multiCopyTimeoutMs'>> = [
+  'copySubtitle',
+  'copySubtitleMultiple',
+  'updateLastCardFromClipboard',
+  'triggerFieldGrouping',
+  'triggerSubsync',
+  'mineSentence',
+  'mineSentenceMultiple',
+  'toggleSecondarySub',
+  'markAudioCard',
+  'openRuntimeOptions',
+  'openJimaku',
+];
+
+function hasConfiguredOverlayShortcuts(shortcuts: ConfiguredShortcuts): boolean {
+  return OVERLAY_SHORTCUT_KEYS.some((key) => {
+    const shortcut = shortcuts[key];
+    return typeof shortcut === 'string' && shortcut.trim().length > 0;
+  });
+}
+
 export function shouldActivateOverlayShortcuts(args: {
   overlayRuntimeInitialized: boolean;
   isMacOSPlatform: boolean;
@@ -43,139 +58,12 @@ export function shouldActivateOverlayShortcuts(args: {
 
 export function registerOverlayShortcuts(
   shortcuts: ConfiguredShortcuts,
-  handlers: OverlayShortcutHandlers,
+  _handlers: OverlayShortcutHandlers,
 ): boolean {
-  let registeredAny = false;
-  const registerOverlayShortcut = (
-    accelerator: string,
-    handler: () => void,
-    label: string,
-  ): void => {
-    if (isGlobalShortcutRegisteredSafe(accelerator)) {
-      registeredAny = true;
-      return;
-    }
-    const ok = globalShortcut.register(accelerator, handler);
-    if (!ok) {
-      logger.warn(`Failed to register overlay shortcut ${label}: ${accelerator}`);
-      return;
-    }
-    registeredAny = true;
-  };
-
-  if (shortcuts.copySubtitleMultiple) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.copySubtitleMultiple,
-      () => handlers.copySubtitleMultiple(shortcuts.multiCopyTimeoutMs),
-      'copySubtitleMultiple',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.copySubtitle) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(shortcuts.copySubtitle, () => handlers.copySubtitle(), 'copySubtitle');
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.triggerFieldGrouping) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.triggerFieldGrouping,
-      () => handlers.triggerFieldGrouping(),
-      'triggerFieldGrouping',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.triggerSubsync) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.triggerSubsync,
-      () => handlers.triggerSubsync(),
-      'triggerSubsync',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.mineSentence) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(shortcuts.mineSentence, () => handlers.mineSentence(), 'mineSentence');
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.mineSentenceMultiple) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.mineSentenceMultiple,
-      () => handlers.mineSentenceMultiple(shortcuts.multiCopyTimeoutMs),
-      'mineSentenceMultiple',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.toggleSecondarySub) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.toggleSecondarySub,
-      () => handlers.toggleSecondarySub(),
-      'toggleSecondarySub',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.updateLastCardFromClipboard) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.updateLastCardFromClipboard,
-      () => handlers.updateLastCardFromClipboard(),
-      'updateLastCardFromClipboard',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.markAudioCard) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.markAudioCard,
-      () => handlers.markAudioCard(),
-      'markAudioCard',
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(
-      shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions,
-      () => handlers.openRuntimeOptions(),
-      'openRuntimeOptions',
-    );
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.openJimaku) {
-    registerOverlayShortcut(shortcuts.openJimaku, () => handlers.openJimaku(), 'openJimaku');
-  }
-
-  return registeredAny;
+  return hasConfiguredOverlayShortcuts(shortcuts);
 }
 
-export function unregisterOverlayShortcuts(shortcuts: ConfiguredShortcuts): void {
-  if (shortcuts.copySubtitle) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.copySubtitle);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.copySubtitleMultiple) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.copySubtitleMultiple);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.updateLastCardFromClipboard) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.updateLastCardFromClipboard);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.triggerFieldGrouping) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.triggerFieldGrouping);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.triggerSubsync) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.triggerSubsync);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.mineSentence) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.mineSentence);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.mineSentenceMultiple) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.mineSentenceMultiple);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.toggleSecondarySub) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.toggleSecondarySub);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.markAudioCard) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.markAudioCard);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions);
-  }
-  if (shortcuts.openJimaku) {
-    globalShortcut.unregister(shortcuts.openJimaku);
-  }
-}
+export function unregisterOverlayShortcuts(_shortcuts: ConfiguredShortcuts): void {}
 
 export function registerOverlayShortcutsRuntime(deps: OverlayShortcutLifecycleDeps): boolean {
   return registerOverlayShortcuts(deps.getConfiguredShortcuts(), deps.getOverlayHandlers());

src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts

@@ -6,31 +6,59 @@ import { setVisibleOverlayVisible, updateVisibleOverlayVisibility } from './over
 type WindowTrackerStub = {
   isTracking: () => boolean;
   getGeometry: () => { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number } | null;
+  isTargetWindowFocused?: () => boolean;
+  isTargetWindowMinimized?: () => boolean;
 };
 
 function createMainWindowRecorder() {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   let visible = false;
+  let focused = false;
+  let opacity = 1;
   const window = {
     isDestroyed: () => false,
     isVisible: () => visible,
+    isFocused: () => focused,
     hide: () => {
       visible = false;
+      focused = false;
       calls.push('hide');
     },
     show: () => {
       visible = true;
       calls.push('show');
     },
+    showInactive: () => {
+      visible = true;
+      calls.push('show-inactive');
+    },
     focus: () => {
+      focused = true;
       calls.push('focus');
     },
+    setAlwaysOnTop: (flag: boolean) => {
+      calls.push(`always-on-top:${flag}`);
+    },
     setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => {
       calls.push(`mouse-ignore:${ignore}:${options?.forward === true ? 'forward' : 'plain'}`);
     },
+    setOpacity: (nextOpacity: number) => {
+      opacity = nextOpacity;
+      calls.push(`opacity:${nextOpacity}`);
+    },
+    moveTop: () => {
+      calls.push('move-top');
+    },
   };
 
-  return { window, calls };
+  return {
+    window,
+    calls,
+    getOpacity: () => opacity,
+    setFocused: (nextFocused: boolean) => {
+      focused = nextFocused;
+    },
+  };
 }
 
 test('macOS keeps visible overlay hidden while tracker is not ready and emits one loading OSD', () => {
@@ -167,7 +195,7 @@ test('untracked non-macOS overlay keeps fallback visible behavior when no tracke
   assert.ok(!calls.includes('osd'));
 });
 
-test('Windows visible overlay stays click-through and does not steal focus while tracked', () => {
+test('Windows visible overlay stays click-through and binds to mpv while tracked', () => {
   const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
   const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
     isTracking: () => true,
@@ -186,6 +214,9 @@ test('Windows visible overlay stays click-through and does not steal focus while
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
       calls.push('ensure-level');
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
       calls.push('sync-layer');
     },
@@ -199,12 +230,62 @@ test('Windows visible overlay stays click-through and does not steal focus while
     isWindowsPlatform: true,
   } as never);
 
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('opacity:0'));
   assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
-  assert.ok(calls.includes('show'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('show-inactive'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('enforce-order'));
   assert.ok(!calls.includes('focus'));
 });
 
-test('tracked Windows overlay refresh preserves renderer-managed mouse interaction when already visible', () => {
+test('Windows visible overlay restores opacity after the deferred reveal delay', async () => {
+  const { window, calls, getOpacity } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let syncWindowsZOrderCalls = 0;
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      syncWindowsZOrderCalls += 1;
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.equal(getOpacity(), 0);
+  assert.equal(syncWindowsZOrderCalls, 1);
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 60));
+  assert.equal(getOpacity(), 1);
+  assert.equal(syncWindowsZOrderCalls, 2);
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('opacity:1'));
+});
+
+test('tracked Windows overlay refresh rebinds while already visible', () => {
   const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
   const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
     isTracking: () => true,
@@ -223,6 +304,9 @@ test('tracked Windows overlay refresh preserves renderer-managed mouse interacti
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
       calls.push('ensure-level');
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
       calls.push('sync-layer');
     },
@@ -250,6 +334,9 @@ test('tracked Windows overlay refresh preserves renderer-managed mouse interacti
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
       calls.push('ensure-level');
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
       calls.push('sync-layer');
     },
@@ -263,9 +350,11 @@ test('tracked Windows overlay refresh preserves renderer-managed mouse interacti
     isWindowsPlatform: true,
   } as never);
 
-  assert.ok(!calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
   assert.ok(!calls.includes('show'));
-  assert.ok(calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
   assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-shortcuts'));
 });
 
@@ -288,6 +377,9 @@ test('forced passthrough still reapplies while visible on Windows', () => {
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
       calls.push('ensure-level');
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
       calls.push('sync-layer');
     },
@@ -315,6 +407,9 @@ test('forced passthrough still reapplies while visible on Windows', () => {
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
       calls.push('ensure-level');
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
       calls.push('sync-layer');
     },
@@ -330,6 +425,286 @@ test('forced passthrough still reapplies while visible on Windows', () => {
   } as never);
 
   assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('enforce-order'));
+});
+
+test('forced passthrough still shows tracked overlay while bound to mpv on Windows', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+    forceMousePassthrough: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('show-inactive'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+});
+
+test('forced mouse passthrough drops macOS tracked overlay below higher-priority windows', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: true,
+    isWindowsPlatform: false,
+    forceMousePassthrough: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('enforce-order'));
+});
+
+test('tracked Windows overlay rebinds without hiding when tracker focus changes', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let focused = true;
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    isTargetWindowFocused: () => focused,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  calls.length = 0;
+  focused = false;
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('enforce-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('show'));
+});
+
+test('tracked Windows overlay stays interactive while the overlay window itself is focused', () => {
+  const { window, calls, setFocused } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    isTargetWindowFocused: () => false,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  calls.length = 0;
+  setFocused(true);
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:false:plain'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('enforce-order'));
+});
+
+test('tracked Windows overlay binds above mpv even when tracker focus lags', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => true,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    isTargetWindowFocused: () => false,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
 });
 
 test('visible overlay stays hidden while a modal window is active', () => {
@@ -487,6 +862,157 @@ test('Windows keeps visible overlay hidden while tracker is not ready', () => {
   assert.ok(!calls.includes('update-bounds'));
 });
 
+test('Windows preserves visible overlay and rebinds to mpv while tracker transiently loses a non-minimized window', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let tracking = true;
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => tracking,
+    getGeometry: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    isTargetWindowFocused: () => false,
+    isTargetWindowMinimized: () => false,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  calls.length = 0;
+  tracking = false;
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('hide'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('show'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('always-on-top:false'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('move-top'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('mouse-ignore:true:forward'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('ensure-level'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('sync-shortcuts'));
+});
+
+test('Windows hides the visible overlay when the tracked window is minimized', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let tracking = true;
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => tracking,
+    getGeometry: () => (tracking ? { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1280, height: 720 } : null),
+    isTargetWindowMinimized: () => !tracking,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  calls.length = 0;
+  tracking = false;
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: false,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => {},
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-windows-z-order');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    isWindowsPlatform: true,
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('hide'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('sync-windows-z-order'));
+});
+
 test('macOS keeps visible overlay hidden while tracker is not initialized yet', () => {
   const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
   let trackerWarning = false;

src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts

@@ -2,16 +2,67 @@ import type { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
 import { BaseWindowTracker } from '../../window-trackers';
 import { WindowGeometry } from '../../types';
 
+const WINDOWS_OVERLAY_REVEAL_DELAY_MS = 48;
+const pendingWindowsOverlayRevealTimeoutByWindow = new WeakMap<
+  BrowserWindow,
+  ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>
+>();
+const OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG = '__subminerOverlayContentReady';
+
+function setOverlayWindowOpacity(window: BrowserWindow, opacity: number): void {
+  const opacityCapableWindow = window as BrowserWindow & {
+    setOpacity?: (opacity: number) => void;
+  };
+  opacityCapableWindow.setOpacity?.(opacity);
+}
+
+function clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(window: BrowserWindow): void {
+  const pendingTimeout = pendingWindowsOverlayRevealTimeoutByWindow.get(window);
+  if (!pendingTimeout) {
+    return;
+  }
+  clearTimeout(pendingTimeout);
+  pendingWindowsOverlayRevealTimeoutByWindow.delete(window);
+}
+
+function scheduleWindowsOverlayReveal(
+  window: BrowserWindow,
+  onReveal?: (window: BrowserWindow) => void,
+): void {
+  clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(window);
+  const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+    pendingWindowsOverlayRevealTimeoutByWindow.delete(window);
+    if (window.isDestroyed() || !window.isVisible()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    setOverlayWindowOpacity(window, 1);
+    onReveal?.(window);
+  }, WINDOWS_OVERLAY_REVEAL_DELAY_MS);
+  pendingWindowsOverlayRevealTimeoutByWindow.set(window, timeout);
+}
+
+function isOverlayWindowContentReady(window: BrowserWindow): boolean {
+  return (
+    (window as BrowserWindow & { [OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG]?: boolean })[
+      OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG
+    ] === true
+  );
+}
+
 export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   visibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
   modalActive?: boolean;
   forceMousePassthrough?: boolean;
   mainWindow: BrowserWindow | null;
   windowTracker: BaseWindowTracker | null;
+  lastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?: string | null;
+  windowsOverlayProcessName?: string | null;
+  windowsFocusHandoffGraceActive?: boolean;
   trackerNotReadyWarningShown: boolean;
   setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
+  syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
   syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') => void;
   enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => void;
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
@@ -30,6 +81,10 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   const mainWindow = args.mainWindow;
 
   if (args.modalActive) {
+    if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+      clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow);
+      setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+    }
     mainWindow.hide();
     args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
     return;
@@ -39,19 +94,90 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
     const forceMousePassthrough = args.forceMousePassthrough === true;
     const shouldDefaultToPassthrough =
       args.isMacOSPlatform || args.isWindowsPlatform || forceMousePassthrough;
+    const isVisibleOverlayFocused =
+      typeof mainWindow.isFocused === 'function' && mainWindow.isFocused();
+    const windowsForegroundProcessName =
+      args.lastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? null;
+    const windowsOverlayProcessName = args.windowsOverlayProcessName?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? null;
+    const hasWindowsForegroundProcessSignal =
+      args.isWindowsPlatform && windowsForegroundProcessName !== null;
+    const isTrackedWindowsTargetFocused = args.windowTracker?.isTargetWindowFocused?.() ?? true;
+    const isTrackedWindowsTargetMinimized =
+      args.isWindowsPlatform &&
+      typeof args.windowTracker?.isTargetWindowMinimized === 'function' &&
+      args.windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized();
+    const shouldPreserveWindowsOverlayDuringFocusHandoff =
+      args.isWindowsPlatform &&
+      args.windowsFocusHandoffGraceActive === true &&
+      !!args.windowTracker &&
+      (!hasWindowsForegroundProcessSignal ||
+        windowsForegroundProcessName === 'mpv' ||
+        (windowsOverlayProcessName !== null &&
+          windowsForegroundProcessName === windowsOverlayProcessName)) &&
+      !isTrackedWindowsTargetMinimized &&
+      (args.windowTracker.isTracking() || args.windowTracker.getGeometry() !== null);
+    const shouldIgnoreMouseEvents =
+      forceMousePassthrough || (shouldDefaultToPassthrough && !isVisibleOverlayFocused);
+    const shouldBindTrackedWindowsOverlay = args.isWindowsPlatform && !!args.windowTracker;
+    const shouldKeepTrackedWindowsOverlayTopmost =
+      !args.isWindowsPlatform ||
+      !args.windowTracker ||
+      isVisibleOverlayFocused ||
+      isTrackedWindowsTargetFocused ||
+      shouldPreserveWindowsOverlayDuringFocusHandoff ||
+      (hasWindowsForegroundProcessSignal && windowsForegroundProcessName === 'mpv');
     const wasVisible = mainWindow.isVisible();
 
-    if (!wasVisible || forceMousePassthrough) {
-      if (shouldDefaultToPassthrough) {
+    if (shouldIgnoreMouseEvents) {
+      mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
+    } else {
+      mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
+    }
+
+    if (shouldBindTrackedWindowsOverlay) {
+      // On Windows, z-order is enforced by the OS via the owner window mechanism
+      // (SetWindowLongPtr GWLP_HWNDPARENT). The overlay is always above mpv
+      // without any manual z-order management.
+    } else if (!forceMousePassthrough) {
+      args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(mainWindow);
+    } else {
+      mainWindow.setAlwaysOnTop(false);
+    }
+    if (!wasVisible) {
+      const hasWebContents =
+        typeof (mainWindow as unknown as { webContents?: unknown }).webContents === 'object';
+      if (
+        args.isWindowsPlatform &&
+        hasWebContents &&
+        !isOverlayWindowContentReady(mainWindow as unknown as import('electron').BrowserWindow)
+      ) {
+        // skip — ready-to-show hasn't fired yet; the onWindowContentReady
+        // callback will trigger another visibility update when the renderer
+        // has painted its first frame.
+      } else if (args.isWindowsPlatform && shouldIgnoreMouseEvents) {
+        setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+        mainWindow.showInactive();
         mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
+        scheduleWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow, shouldBindTrackedWindowsOverlay
+          ? (window) => args.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(window)
+          : undefined);
       } else {
-        mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
+        if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+          setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+        }
+        mainWindow.show();
+        if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+          scheduleWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow, shouldBindTrackedWindowsOverlay
+            ? (window) => args.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(window)
+            : undefined);
+        }
       }
     }
-    args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(mainWindow);
-    if (!wasVisible) {
-      mainWindow.show();
+
+    if (shouldBindTrackedWindowsOverlay) {
+      args.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(mainWindow);
     }
+
     if (!args.isWindowsPlatform && !args.isMacOSPlatform && !forceMousePassthrough) {
       mainWindow.focus();
     }
@@ -71,12 +197,27 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   if (!args.visibleOverlayVisible) {
     args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(false);
     args.resetOverlayLoadingOsdSuppression?.();
+    if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+      clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow);
+      setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+    }
     mainWindow.hide();
     args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
     return;
   }
 
   if (args.windowTracker && args.windowTracker.isTracking()) {
+    if (
+      args.isWindowsPlatform &&
+      typeof args.windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized === 'function' &&
+      args.windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized()
+    ) {
+      clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow);
+      setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+      mainWindow.hide();
+      args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
+      return;
+    }
     args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(false);
     const geometry = args.windowTracker.getGeometry();
     if (geometry) {
@@ -84,7 +225,9 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
     }
     args.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
     showPassiveVisibleOverlay();
-    args.enforceOverlayLayerOrder();
+    if (!args.forceMousePassthrough && !args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+      args.enforceOverlayLayerOrder();
+    }
     args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
     return;
   }
@@ -95,6 +238,10 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
         args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
         maybeShowOverlayLoadingOsd();
       }
+      if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+        clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow);
+        setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+      }
       mainWindow.hide();
       args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
       return;
@@ -107,11 +254,32 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (
+    args.isWindowsPlatform &&
+    typeof args.windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized === 'function' &&
+    !args.windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized() &&
+    (mainWindow.isVisible() || args.windowTracker.getGeometry() !== null)
+  ) {
+    args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(false);
+    const geometry = args.windowTracker.getGeometry();
+    if (geometry) {
+      args.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
+    }
+    args.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
+    showPassiveVisibleOverlay();
+    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (!args.trackerNotReadyWarningShown) {
     args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
     maybeShowOverlayLoadingOsd();
   }
 
+  if (args.isWindowsPlatform) {
+    clearPendingWindowsOverlayReveal(mainWindow);
+    setOverlayWindowOpacity(mainWindow, 0);
+  }
   mainWindow.hide();
   args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
 }

src/core/services/overlay-window-config.test.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,31 @@ test('overlay window config explicitly disables renderer sandbox for preload com
     yomitanSession: null,
   });
 
+  assert.equal(options.backgroundColor, '#00000000');
   assert.equal(options.webPreferences?.sandbox, false);
+  assert.equal(options.webPreferences?.backgroundThrottling, false);
+});
+
+test('Windows visible overlay window config does not start as always-on-top', () => {
+  const originalPlatformDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(process, 'platform');
+
+  Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: 'win32',
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const options = buildOverlayWindowOptions('visible', {
+      isDev: false,
+      yomitanSession: null,
+    });
+
+    assert.equal(options.alwaysOnTop, false);
+  } finally {
+    if (originalPlatformDescriptor) {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, 'platform', originalPlatformDescriptor);
+    }
+  }
 });
 
 test('overlay window config uses the provided Yomitan session when available', () => {

src/core/services/overlay-window-input.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,14 @@ export function handleOverlayWindowBlurred(options: {
   isOverlayVisible: (kind: OverlayWindowKind) => boolean;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => void;
   moveWindowTop: () => void;
+  onWindowsVisibleOverlayBlur?: () => void;
+  platform?: NodeJS.Platform;
 }): boolean {
+  if ((options.platform ?? process.platform) === 'win32' && options.kind === 'visible') {
+    options.onWindowsVisibleOverlayBlur?.();
+    return false;
+  }
+
   if (options.kind === 'visible' && !options.isOverlayVisible(options.kind)) {
     return false;
   }

src/core/services/overlay-window-options.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export function buildOverlayWindowOptions(
   },
 ): BrowserWindowConstructorOptions {
   const showNativeDebugFrame = process.platform === 'win32' && options.isDev;
+  const shouldStartAlwaysOnTop = !(process.platform === 'win32' && kind === 'visible');
 
   return {
     show: false,
@@ -18,8 +19,9 @@ export function buildOverlayWindowOptions(
     x: 0,
     y: 0,
     transparent: true,
+    backgroundColor: '#00000000',
     frame: false,
-    alwaysOnTop: true,
+    alwaysOnTop: shouldStartAlwaysOnTop,
     skipTaskbar: true,
     resizable: false,
     hasShadow: false,
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ export function buildOverlayWindowOptions(
       contextIsolation: true,
       nodeIntegration: false,
       sandbox: false,
+      backgroundThrottling: false,
       webSecurity: true,
       session: options.yomitanSession ?? undefined,
       additionalArguments: [`--overlay-layer=${kind}`],

src/core/services/overlay-window.test.ts

@@ -103,6 +103,49 @@ test('handleOverlayWindowBlurred skips visible overlay restacking after manual h
   assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
 });
 
+test('handleOverlayWindowBlurred skips Windows visible overlay restacking after focus loss', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+
+  const handled = handleOverlayWindowBlurred({
+    kind: 'visible',
+    windowVisible: true,
+    isOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    moveWindowTop: () => {
+      calls.push('move-top');
+    },
+    platform: 'win32',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(handled, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+});
+
+test('handleOverlayWindowBlurred notifies Windows visible overlay blur callback without restacking', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+
+  const handled = handleOverlayWindowBlurred({
+    kind: 'visible',
+    windowVisible: true,
+    isOverlayVisible: () => true,
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    moveWindowTop: () => {
+      calls.push('move-top');
+    },
+    onWindowsVisibleOverlayBlur: () => {
+      calls.push('windows-visible-blur');
+    },
+    platform: 'win32',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(handled, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['windows-visible-blur']);
+});
+
 test('handleOverlayWindowBlurred preserves active visible/modal window stacking', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
 
@@ -117,6 +160,7 @@ test('handleOverlayWindowBlurred preserves active visible/modal window stacking'
       moveWindowTop: () => {
         calls.push('move-visible');
       },
+      platform: 'linux',
     }),
     true,
   );

src/core/services/overlay-window.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,20 @@ import { normalizeOverlayWindowBoundsForPlatform } from './overlay-window-bounds
 
 const logger = createLogger('main:overlay-window');
 const overlayWindowLayerByInstance = new WeakMap<BrowserWindow, OverlayWindowKind>();
+const overlayWindowContentReady = new WeakSet<BrowserWindow>();
+const OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG = '__subminerOverlayContentReady';
+
+export function isOverlayWindowContentReady(window: BrowserWindow): boolean {
+  if (window.isDestroyed()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (
+    overlayWindowContentReady.has(window) ||
+    (window as BrowserWindow & { [OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG]?: boolean })[
+      OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG
+    ] === true
+  );
+}
 
 function getOverlayWindowHtmlPath(): string {
   return path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'renderer', 'index.html');
@@ -76,13 +90,17 @@ export function createOverlayWindow(
     isOverlayVisible: (kind: OverlayWindowKind) => boolean;
     tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input: Electron.Input) => boolean;
     forwardTabToMpv: () => void;
+    onVisibleWindowBlurred?: () => void;
+    onWindowContentReady?: () => void;
     onWindowClosed: (kind: OverlayWindowKind) => void;
     yomitanSession?: Session | null;
   },
 ): BrowserWindow {
   const window = new BrowserWindow(buildOverlayWindowOptions(kind, options));
 
-  options.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window);
+  if (!(process.platform === 'win32' && kind === 'visible')) {
+    options.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window);
+  }
   loadOverlayWindowLayer(window, kind);
 
   window.webContents.on('did-fail-load', (_event, errorCode, errorDescription, validatedURL) => {
@@ -93,6 +111,14 @@ export function createOverlayWindow(
     options.onRuntimeOptionsChanged();
   });
 
+  window.once('ready-to-show', () => {
+    overlayWindowContentReady.add(window);
+    (window as BrowserWindow & { [OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG]?: boolean })[
+      OVERLAY_WINDOW_CONTENT_READY_FLAG
+    ] = true;
+    options.onWindowContentReady?.();
+  });
+
   if (kind === 'visible') {
     window.webContents.on('devtools-opened', () => {
       options.setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabled(true);
@@ -136,6 +162,8 @@ export function createOverlayWindow(
       moveWindowTop: () => {
         window.moveTop();
       },
+      onWindowsVisibleOverlayBlur:
+        kind === 'visible' ? () => options.onVisibleWindowBlurred?.() : undefined,
     });
   });
 

src/core/services/session-actions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import type { RuntimeOptionApplyResult, RuntimeOptionId } from '../../types';
+import type { SessionActionId } from '../../types/session-bindings';
+import type { SessionActionDispatchRequest } from '../../types/runtime';
+
+export interface SessionActionExecutorDeps {
+  toggleStatsOverlay: () => void;
+  toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
+  copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
+  copySubtitleCount: (count: number) => void;
+  updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => Promise<void>;
+  triggerFieldGrouping: () => Promise<void>;
+  triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
+  mineSentenceCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  mineSentenceCount: (count: number) => void;
+  toggleSecondarySub: () => void;
+  markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  openRuntimeOptionsPalette: () => void;
+  openJimaku: () => void;
+  openYoutubeTrackPicker: () => void | Promise<void>;
+  openPlaylistBrowser: () => boolean | void | Promise<boolean | void>;
+  replayCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
+  playNextSubtitle: () => void;
+  shiftSubDelayToAdjacentSubtitle: (direction: 'next' | 'previous') => Promise<void>;
+  cycleRuntimeOption: (id: RuntimeOptionId, direction: 1 | -1) => RuntimeOptionApplyResult;
+  showMpvOsd: (text: string) => void;
+}
+
+function resolveCount(count: number | undefined): number {
+  const normalized = typeof count === 'number' && Number.isInteger(count) ? count : 1;
+  return Math.min(9, Math.max(1, normalized));
+}
+
+export async function dispatchSessionAction(
+  request: SessionActionDispatchRequest,
+  deps: SessionActionExecutorDeps,
+): Promise<void> {
+  switch (request.actionId) {
+    case 'toggleStatsOverlay':
+      deps.toggleStatsOverlay();
+      return;
+    case 'toggleVisibleOverlay':
+      deps.toggleVisibleOverlay();
+      return;
+    case 'copySubtitle':
+      deps.copyCurrentSubtitle();
+      return;
+    case 'copySubtitleMultiple':
+      deps.copySubtitleCount(resolveCount(request.payload?.count));
+      return;
+    case 'updateLastCardFromClipboard':
+      await deps.updateLastCardFromClipboard();
+      return;
+    case 'triggerFieldGrouping':
+      await deps.triggerFieldGrouping();
+      return;
+    case 'triggerSubsync':
+      await deps.triggerSubsyncFromConfig();
+      return;
+    case 'mineSentence':
+      await deps.mineSentenceCard();
+      return;
+    case 'mineSentenceMultiple':
+      deps.mineSentenceCount(resolveCount(request.payload?.count));
+      return;
+    case 'toggleSecondarySub':
+      deps.toggleSecondarySub();
+      return;
+    case 'markAudioCard':
+      await deps.markLastCardAsAudioCard();
+      return;
+    case 'openRuntimeOptions':
+      deps.openRuntimeOptionsPalette();
+      return;
+    case 'openJimaku':
+      deps.openJimaku();
+      return;
+    case 'openYoutubePicker':
+      await deps.openYoutubeTrackPicker();
+      return;
+    case 'openPlaylistBrowser':
+      await deps.openPlaylistBrowser();
+      return;
+    case 'replayCurrentSubtitle':
+      deps.replayCurrentSubtitle();
+      return;
+    case 'playNextSubtitle':
+      deps.playNextSubtitle();
+      return;
+    case 'shiftSubDelayPrevLine':
+      await deps.shiftSubDelayToAdjacentSubtitle('previous');
+      return;
+    case 'shiftSubDelayNextLine':
+      await deps.shiftSubDelayToAdjacentSubtitle('next');
+      return;
+    case 'cycleRuntimeOption': {
+      const runtimeOptionId = request.payload?.runtimeOptionId as RuntimeOptionId | undefined;
+      if (!runtimeOptionId) {
+        deps.showMpvOsd('Runtime option id is required.');
+        return;
+      }
+      const direction = request.payload?.direction === -1 ? -1 : 1;
+      const result = deps.cycleRuntimeOption(runtimeOptionId, direction);
+      if (!result.ok && result.error) {
+        deps.showMpvOsd(result.error);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/core/services/session-bindings.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import type { Keybinding } from '../../types';
+import type { ConfiguredShortcuts } from '../utils/shortcut-config';
+import { SPECIAL_COMMANDS } from '../../config/definitions';
+import { compileSessionBindings } from './session-bindings';
+
+function createShortcuts(overrides: Partial<ConfiguredShortcuts> = {}): ConfiguredShortcuts {
+  return {
+    toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
+    copySubtitle: null,
+    copySubtitleMultiple: null,
+    updateLastCardFromClipboard: null,
+    triggerFieldGrouping: null,
+    triggerSubsync: null,
+    mineSentence: null,
+    mineSentenceMultiple: null,
+    multiCopyTimeoutMs: 2500,
+    toggleSecondarySub: null,
+    markAudioCard: null,
+    openRuntimeOptions: null,
+    openJimaku: null,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function createKeybinding(key: string, command: Keybinding['command']): Keybinding {
+  return { key, command };
+}
+
+test('compileSessionBindings merges shortcuts and keybindings into one canonical list', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts({
+      toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'Alt+Shift+O',
+      openJimaku: 'Ctrl+Shift+J',
+    }),
+    keybindings: [
+      createKeybinding('KeyF', ['cycle', 'fullscreen']),
+      createKeybinding('Ctrl+Shift+Y', [SPECIAL_COMMANDS.YOUTUBE_PICKER_OPEN]),
+    ],
+    platform: 'linux',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result.bindings.map((binding) => ({
+      actionType: binding.actionType,
+      sourcePath: binding.sourcePath,
+      code: binding.key.code,
+      modifiers: binding.key.modifiers,
+      target:
+        binding.actionType === 'session-action'
+          ? binding.actionId
+          : binding.command.join(' '),
+    })),
+    [
+      {
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        code: 'KeyF',
+        modifiers: [],
+        target: 'cycle fullscreen',
+      },
+      {
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[1].key',
+        code: 'KeyY',
+        modifiers: ['ctrl', 'shift'],
+        target: 'openYoutubePicker',
+      },
+      {
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        sourcePath: 'shortcuts.openJimaku',
+        code: 'KeyJ',
+        modifiers: ['ctrl', 'shift'],
+        target: 'openJimaku',
+      },
+      {
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        sourcePath: 'shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal',
+        code: 'KeyO',
+        modifiers: ['alt', 'shift'],
+        target: 'toggleVisibleOverlay',
+      },
+    ],
+  );
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings resolves CommandOrControl per platform', () => {
+  const input = {
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts({
+      toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+O',
+    }),
+    keybindings: [],
+  };
+
+  const windows = compileSessionBindings({ ...input, platform: 'win32' });
+  const mac = compileSessionBindings({ ...input, platform: 'darwin' });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(windows.bindings[0]?.key.modifiers, ['ctrl', 'shift']);
+  assert.deepEqual(mac.bindings[0]?.key.modifiers, ['shift', 'meta']);
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings resolves CommandOrControl in DOM key strings per platform', () => {
+  const input = {
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts(),
+    keybindings: [createKeybinding('CommandOrControl+Shift+J', ['cycle', 'fullscreen'])],
+    statsToggleKey: 'CommandOrControl+Backquote',
+  };
+
+  const windows = compileSessionBindings({ ...input, platform: 'win32' });
+  const mac = compileSessionBindings({ ...input, platform: 'darwin' });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    windows.bindings
+      .map((binding) => ({
+        sourcePath: binding.sourcePath,
+        modifiers: binding.key.modifiers,
+      }))
+      .sort((left, right) => left.sourcePath.localeCompare(right.sourcePath)),
+    [
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        modifiers: ['ctrl', 'shift'],
+      },
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'stats.toggleKey',
+        modifiers: ['ctrl'],
+      },
+    ],
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    mac.bindings
+      .map((binding) => ({
+        sourcePath: binding.sourcePath,
+        modifiers: binding.key.modifiers,
+      }))
+      .sort((left, right) => left.sourcePath.localeCompare(right.sourcePath)),
+    [
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        modifiers: ['shift', 'meta'],
+      },
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'stats.toggleKey',
+        modifiers: ['meta'],
+      },
+    ],
+  );
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings drops conflicting bindings that canonicalize to the same key', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts({
+      openJimaku: 'Ctrl+Shift+J',
+    }),
+    keybindings: [createKeybinding('Ctrl+Shift+J', [SPECIAL_COMMANDS.PLAYLIST_BROWSER_OPEN])],
+    platform: 'linux',
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(result.bindings, []);
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(result.warnings[0]?.kind, 'conflict');
+  assert.deepEqual(result.warnings[0]?.conflictingPaths, [
+    'shortcuts.openJimaku',
+    'keybindings[0].key',
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings omits disabled bindings', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts({
+      openJimaku: null,
+      toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'Alt+Shift+O',
+    }),
+    keybindings: [createKeybinding('Ctrl+Shift+J', null)],
+    platform: 'linux',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.bindings.map((binding) => binding.sourcePath), [
+    'shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal',
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings warns on unsupported shortcut and keybinding syntax', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts({
+      openJimaku: 'Hyper+J',
+    }),
+    keybindings: [createKeybinding('Ctrl+ß', ['cycle', 'fullscreen'])],
+    platform: 'linux',
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(result.bindings, []);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    result.warnings.map((warning) => `${warning.kind}:${warning.path}`),
+    ['unsupported:shortcuts.openJimaku', 'unsupported:keybindings[0].key'],
+  );
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings warns on deprecated toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal config', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts(),
+    keybindings: [],
+    platform: 'linux',
+    rawConfig: {
+      shortcuts: {
+        toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'Alt+Shift+O',
+      },
+    } as never,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.bindings.length, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.warnings, [
+    {
+      kind: 'deprecated-config',
+      path: 'shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal',
+      value: 'Alt+Shift+O',
+      message: 'Rename shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal to shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlay.',
+    },
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('compileSessionBindings includes stats toggle in the shared session binding artifact', () => {
+  const result = compileSessionBindings({
+    shortcuts: createShortcuts(),
+    keybindings: [],
+    statsToggleKey: 'Backquote',
+    platform: 'win32',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.warnings.length, 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.bindings, [
+    {
+      sourcePath: 'stats.toggleKey',
+      originalKey: 'Backquote',
+      key: {
+        code: 'Backquote',
+        modifiers: [],
+      },
+      actionType: 'session-action',
+      actionId: 'toggleStatsOverlay',
+    },
+  ]);
+});

src/core/services/session-bindings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+import type { Keybinding, ResolvedConfig } from '../../types';
+import type { ConfiguredShortcuts } from '../utils/shortcut-config';
+import type {
+  CompiledMpvCommandBinding,
+  CompiledSessionActionBinding,
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
+  PluginSessionBindingsArtifact,
+  SessionActionId,
+  SessionBindingWarning,
+  SessionKeyModifier,
+  SessionKeySpec,
+} from '../../types/session-bindings';
+import { SPECIAL_COMMANDS } from '../../config';
+
+type PlatformKeyModel = 'darwin' | 'win32' | 'linux';
+
+type CompileSessionBindingsInput = {
+  keybindings: Keybinding[];
+  shortcuts: ConfiguredShortcuts;
+  statsToggleKey?: string | null;
+  platform: PlatformKeyModel;
+  rawConfig?: ResolvedConfig | null;
+};
+
+type DraftBinding = {
+  binding: CompiledSessionBinding;
+  actionFingerprint: string;
+};
+
+const MODIFIER_ORDER: SessionKeyModifier[] = ['ctrl', 'alt', 'shift', 'meta'];
+
+const SESSION_SHORTCUT_ACTIONS: Array<{
+  key: keyof Omit<ConfiguredShortcuts, 'multiCopyTimeoutMs'>;
+  actionId: SessionActionId;
+}> = [
+  { key: 'toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal', actionId: 'toggleVisibleOverlay' },
+  { key: 'copySubtitle', actionId: 'copySubtitle' },
+  { key: 'copySubtitleMultiple', actionId: 'copySubtitleMultiple' },
+  { key: 'updateLastCardFromClipboard', actionId: 'updateLastCardFromClipboard' },
+  { key: 'triggerFieldGrouping', actionId: 'triggerFieldGrouping' },
+  { key: 'triggerSubsync', actionId: 'triggerSubsync' },
+  { key: 'mineSentence', actionId: 'mineSentence' },
+  { key: 'mineSentenceMultiple', actionId: 'mineSentenceMultiple' },
+  { key: 'toggleSecondarySub', actionId: 'toggleSecondarySub' },
+  { key: 'markAudioCard', actionId: 'markAudioCard' },
+  { key: 'openRuntimeOptions', actionId: 'openRuntimeOptions' },
+  { key: 'openJimaku', actionId: 'openJimaku' },
+];
+
+function normalizeModifiers(modifiers: SessionKeyModifier[]): SessionKeyModifier[] {
+  return [...new Set(modifiers)].sort(
+    (left, right) => MODIFIER_ORDER.indexOf(left) - MODIFIER_ORDER.indexOf(right),
+  );
+}
+
+function normalizeCodeToken(token: string): string | null {
+  const normalized = token.trim();
+  if (!normalized) return null;
+  if (/^[a-z]$/i.test(normalized)) {
+    return `Key${normalized.toUpperCase()}`;
+  }
+  if (/^[0-9]$/.test(normalized)) {
+    return `Digit${normalized}`;
+  }
+
+  const exactMap: Record<string, string> = {
+    space: 'Space',
+    tab: 'Tab',
+    enter: 'Enter',
+    return: 'Enter',
+    esc: 'Escape',
+    escape: 'Escape',
+    up: 'ArrowUp',
+    down: 'ArrowDown',
+    left: 'ArrowLeft',
+    right: 'ArrowRight',
+    backspace: 'Backspace',
+    delete: 'Delete',
+    slash: 'Slash',
+    backslash: 'Backslash',
+    minus: 'Minus',
+    plus: 'Equal',
+    equal: 'Equal',
+    comma: 'Comma',
+    period: 'Period',
+    quote: 'Quote',
+    semicolon: 'Semicolon',
+    bracketleft: 'BracketLeft',
+    bracketright: 'BracketRight',
+    backquote: 'Backquote',
+  };
+  const lower = normalized.toLowerCase();
+  if (exactMap[lower]) return exactMap[lower];
+  if (
+    /^key[a-z]$/i.test(normalized) ||
+    /^digit[0-9]$/i.test(normalized) ||
+    /^arrow(?:up|down|left|right)$/i.test(normalized) ||
+    /^f\d{1,2}$/i.test(normalized)
+  ) {
+    return normalized[0]!.toUpperCase() + normalized.slice(1);
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function parseAccelerator(
+  accelerator: string,
+  platform: PlatformKeyModel,
+): { key: SessionKeySpec | null; message?: string } {
+  const normalized = accelerator.replace(/\s+/g, '').replace(/cmdorctrl/gi, 'CommandOrControl');
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return { key: null, message: 'Empty accelerator is not supported.' };
+  }
+
+  const parts = normalized.split('+').filter(Boolean);
+  const keyToken = parts.pop();
+  if (!keyToken) {
+    return { key: null, message: 'Missing accelerator key token.' };
+  }
+
+  const modifiers: SessionKeyModifier[] = [];
+  for (const modifier of parts) {
+    const lower = modifier.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower === 'ctrl' || lower === 'control') {
+      modifiers.push('ctrl');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'alt' || lower === 'option') {
+      modifiers.push('alt');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'shift') {
+      modifiers.push('shift');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'meta' || lower === 'super' || lower === 'command' || lower === 'cmd') {
+      modifiers.push('meta');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'commandorcontrol') {
+      modifiers.push(platform === 'darwin' ? 'meta' : 'ctrl');
+      continue;
+    }
+    return {
+      key: null,
+      message: `Unsupported accelerator modifier: ${modifier}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const code = normalizeCodeToken(keyToken);
+  if (!code) {
+    return {
+      key: null,
+      message: `Unsupported accelerator key token: ${keyToken}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    key: {
+      code,
+      modifiers: normalizeModifiers(modifiers),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function parseDomKeyString(
+  key: string,
+  platform: PlatformKeyModel,
+): { key: SessionKeySpec | null; message?: string } {
+  const parts = key
+    .split('+')
+    .map((part) => part.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  const keyToken = parts.pop();
+  if (!keyToken) {
+    return { key: null, message: 'Missing keybinding key token.' };
+  }
+
+  const modifiers: SessionKeyModifier[] = [];
+  for (const modifier of parts) {
+    const lower = modifier.toLowerCase();
+    if (lower === 'ctrl' || lower === 'control') {
+      modifiers.push('ctrl');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'alt' || lower === 'option') {
+      modifiers.push('alt');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (lower === 'shift') {
+      modifiers.push('shift');
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (
+      lower === 'meta' ||
+      lower === 'super' ||
+      lower === 'command' ||
+      lower === 'cmd' ||
+      lower === 'commandorcontrol'
+    ) {
+      modifiers.push(
+        lower === 'commandorcontrol' ? (platform === 'darwin' ? 'meta' : 'ctrl') : 'meta',
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    return {
+      key: null,
+      message: `Unsupported keybinding modifier: ${modifier}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const code = normalizeCodeToken(keyToken);
+  if (!code) {
+    return {
+      key: null,
+      message: `Unsupported keybinding token: ${keyToken}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    key: {
+      code,
+      modifiers: normalizeModifiers(modifiers),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function getSessionKeySpecSignature(key: SessionKeySpec): string {
+  return [...key.modifiers, key.code].join('+');
+}
+
+function resolveCommandBinding(
+  binding: Keybinding,
+):
+  | Omit<CompiledMpvCommandBinding, 'key' | 'sourcePath' | 'originalKey'>
+  | Omit<CompiledSessionActionBinding, 'key' | 'sourcePath' | 'originalKey'>
+  | null {
+  const command = binding.command ?? [];
+  const first = typeof command[0] === 'string' ? command[0] : '';
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.SUBSYNC_TRIGGER) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'triggerSubsync' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.RUNTIME_OPTIONS_OPEN) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'openRuntimeOptions' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.JIMAKU_OPEN) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'openJimaku' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.YOUTUBE_PICKER_OPEN) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'openYoutubePicker' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.PLAYLIST_BROWSER_OPEN) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'openPlaylistBrowser' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.REPLAY_SUBTITLE) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'replayCurrentSubtitle' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.PLAY_NEXT_SUBTITLE) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'playNextSubtitle' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.SHIFT_SUB_DELAY_TO_PREVIOUS_SUBTITLE_START) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'shiftSubDelayPrevLine' };
+  }
+  if (first === SPECIAL_COMMANDS.SHIFT_SUB_DELAY_TO_NEXT_SUBTITLE_START) {
+    return { actionType: 'session-action', actionId: 'shiftSubDelayNextLine' };
+  }
+  if (first.startsWith(SPECIAL_COMMANDS.RUNTIME_OPTION_CYCLE_PREFIX)) {
+    const [, runtimeOptionId, rawDirection] = first.split(':');
+    return {
+      actionType: 'session-action',
+      actionId: 'cycleRuntimeOption',
+      payload: {
+        runtimeOptionId,
+        direction: rawDirection === 'prev' ? -1 : 1,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    actionType: 'mpv-command',
+    command,
+  };
+}
+
+function getBindingFingerprint(binding: CompiledSessionBinding): string {
+  if (binding.actionType === 'mpv-command') {
+    return `mpv:${JSON.stringify(binding.command)}`;
+  }
+  return `session:${binding.actionId}:${JSON.stringify(binding.payload ?? null)}`;
+}
+
+export function compileSessionBindings(
+  input: CompileSessionBindingsInput,
+): {
+  bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
+  warnings: SessionBindingWarning[];
+} {
+  const warnings: SessionBindingWarning[] = [];
+  const candidates = new Map<string, DraftBinding[]>();
+  const legacyToggleVisibleOverlayGlobal = (
+    input.rawConfig?.shortcuts as Record<string, unknown> | undefined
+  )?.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal;
+  const statsToggleKey = input.statsToggleKey ?? input.rawConfig?.stats?.toggleKey ?? null;
+
+  if (legacyToggleVisibleOverlayGlobal !== undefined) {
+    warnings.push({
+      kind: 'deprecated-config',
+      path: 'shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal',
+      value: legacyToggleVisibleOverlayGlobal,
+      message: 'Rename shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal to shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlay.',
+    });
+  }
+
+  for (const shortcut of SESSION_SHORTCUT_ACTIONS) {
+    const accelerator = input.shortcuts[shortcut.key];
+    if (!accelerator) continue;
+    const parsed = parseAccelerator(accelerator, input.platform);
+    if (!parsed.key) {
+      warnings.push({
+        kind: 'unsupported',
+        path: `shortcuts.${shortcut.key}`,
+        value: accelerator,
+        message: parsed.message ?? 'Unsupported accelerator syntax.',
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const binding: CompiledSessionActionBinding = {
+      sourcePath: `shortcuts.${shortcut.key}`,
+      originalKey: accelerator,
+      key: parsed.key,
+      actionType: 'session-action',
+      actionId: shortcut.actionId,
+    };
+    const signature = getSessionKeySpecSignature(parsed.key);
+    const draft = candidates.get(signature) ?? [];
+    draft.push({
+      binding,
+      actionFingerprint: getBindingFingerprint(binding),
+    });
+    candidates.set(signature, draft);
+  }
+
+  if (statsToggleKey) {
+    const parsed = parseDomKeyString(statsToggleKey, input.platform);
+    if (!parsed.key) {
+      warnings.push({
+        kind: 'unsupported',
+        path: 'stats.toggleKey',
+        value: statsToggleKey,
+        message: parsed.message ?? 'Unsupported stats toggle key syntax.',
+      });
+    } else {
+      const binding: CompiledSessionActionBinding = {
+        sourcePath: 'stats.toggleKey',
+        originalKey: statsToggleKey,
+        key: parsed.key,
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        actionId: 'toggleStatsOverlay',
+      };
+      const signature = getSessionKeySpecSignature(parsed.key);
+      const draft = candidates.get(signature) ?? [];
+      draft.push({
+        binding,
+        actionFingerprint: getBindingFingerprint(binding),
+      });
+      candidates.set(signature, draft);
+    }
+  }
+
+  input.keybindings.forEach((binding, index) => {
+    if (!binding.command) return;
+    const parsed = parseDomKeyString(binding.key, input.platform);
+    if (!parsed.key) {
+      warnings.push({
+        kind: 'unsupported',
+        path: `keybindings[${index}].key`,
+        value: binding.key,
+        message: parsed.message ?? 'Unsupported keybinding syntax.',
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    const resolved = resolveCommandBinding(binding);
+    if (!resolved) return;
+    const compiled: CompiledSessionBinding = {
+      sourcePath: `keybindings[${index}].key`,
+      originalKey: binding.key,
+      key: parsed.key,
+      ...resolved,
+    };
+    const signature = getSessionKeySpecSignature(parsed.key);
+    const draft = candidates.get(signature) ?? [];
+    draft.push({
+      binding: compiled,
+      actionFingerprint: getBindingFingerprint(compiled),
+    });
+    candidates.set(signature, draft);
+  });
+
+  const bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[] = [];
+  for (const [signature, draftBindings] of candidates.entries()) {
+    const uniqueFingerprints = new Set(draftBindings.map((entry) => entry.actionFingerprint));
+    if (uniqueFingerprints.size > 1) {
+      warnings.push({
+        kind: 'conflict',
+        path: draftBindings[0]!.binding.sourcePath,
+        value: signature,
+        conflictingPaths: draftBindings.map((entry) => entry.binding.sourcePath),
+        message: `Conflicting session bindings compile to ${signature}; SubMiner will bind neither action.`,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    bindings.push(draftBindings[0]!.binding);
+  }
+
+  bindings.sort((left, right) => left.sourcePath.localeCompare(right.sourcePath));
+  return { bindings, warnings };
+}
+
+export function buildPluginSessionBindingsArtifact(input: {
+  bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
+  warnings: SessionBindingWarning[];
+  numericSelectionTimeoutMs: number;
+  now?: Date;
+}): PluginSessionBindingsArtifact {
+  return {
+    version: 1,
+    generatedAt: (input.now ?? new Date()).toISOString(),
+    numericSelectionTimeoutMs: input.numericSelectionTimeoutMs,
+    bindings: input.bindings,
+    warnings: input.warnings,
+  };
+}

src/core/services/shortcut.ts

@@ -20,42 +20,6 @@ export interface RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions {
 }
 
 export function registerGlobalShortcuts(options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions): void {
-  const visibleShortcut = options.shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal;
-  const normalizedVisible = visibleShortcut?.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
-  const normalizedJimaku = options.shortcuts.openJimaku?.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
-  const normalizedSettings = 'alt+shift+y';
-
-  if (visibleShortcut) {
-    const toggleVisibleRegistered = globalShortcut.register(visibleShortcut, () => {
-      options.onToggleVisibleOverlay();
-    });
-    if (!toggleVisibleRegistered) {
-      logger.warn(
-        `Failed to register global shortcut toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: ${visibleShortcut}`,
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (options.shortcuts.openJimaku && options.onOpenJimaku) {
-    if (
-      normalizedJimaku &&
-      (normalizedJimaku === normalizedVisible || normalizedJimaku === normalizedSettings)
-    ) {
-      logger.warn(
-        'Skipped registering openJimaku because it collides with another global shortcut',
-      );
-    } else {
-      const openJimakuRegistered = globalShortcut.register(options.shortcuts.openJimaku, () => {
-        options.onOpenJimaku?.();
-      });
-      if (!openJimakuRegistered) {
-        logger.warn(
-          `Failed to register global shortcut openJimaku: ${options.shortcuts.openJimaku}`,
-        );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
   const settingsRegistered = globalShortcut.register('Alt+Shift+Y', () => {
     options.onOpenYomitanSettings();
   });

src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     triggerSubsync: false,
     markAudioCard: false,
     openRuntimeOptions: false,
+    openJimaku: false,
+    openYoutubePicker: false,
+    openPlaylistBrowser: false,
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: false,
+    playNextSubtitle: false,
+    shiftSubDelayPrevLine: false,
+    shiftSubDelayNextLine: false,
     anilistStatus: false,
     anilistLogout: false,
     anilistSetup: false,

src/main.ts

@@ -109,11 +109,13 @@ import * as os from 'os';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import { MecabTokenizer } from './mecab-tokenizer';
 import type {
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
   JimakuApiResponse,
   KikuFieldGroupingChoice,
   MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
   ResolvedConfig,
   RuntimeOptionState,
+  SessionActionDispatchRequest,
   SecondarySubMode,
   SubtitleData,
   SubtitlePosition,
@@ -130,6 +132,14 @@ import {
   type LogLevelSource,
 } from './logger';
 import { createWindowTracker as createWindowTrackerCore } from './window-trackers';
+import {
+  bindWindowsOverlayAboveMpvNative,
+  clearWindowsOverlayOwnerNative,
+  ensureWindowsOverlayTransparencyNative,
+  getWindowsForegroundProcessNameNative,
+  queryWindowsForegroundProcessName,
+  setWindowsOverlayOwnerNative,
+} from './window-trackers/windows-helper';
 import {
   commandNeedsOverlayStartupPrereqs,
   commandNeedsOverlayRuntime,
@@ -342,6 +352,7 @@ import { resolveYoutubePlaybackUrl } from './core/services/youtube/playback-reso
 import { probeYoutubeTracks } from './core/services/youtube/track-probe';
 import { startStatsServer } from './core/services/stats-server';
 import { registerStatsOverlayToggle, destroyStatsWindow } from './core/services/stats-window.js';
+import { toggleStatsOverlay as toggleStatsOverlayWindow } from './core/services/stats-window.js';
 import {
   createFirstRunSetupService,
   getFirstRunSetupCompletionMessage,
@@ -404,6 +415,8 @@ import { createAnilistRateLimiter } from './core/services/anilist/rate-limiter';
 import { createJellyfinTokenStore } from './core/services/jellyfin-token-store';
 import { applyRuntimeOptionResultRuntime } from './core/services/runtime-options-ipc';
 import { createAnilistTokenStore } from './core/services/anilist/anilist-token-store';
+import { buildPluginSessionBindingsArtifact, compileSessionBindings } from './core/services/session-bindings';
+import { dispatchSessionAction as dispatchSessionActionCore } from './core/services/session-actions';
 import { createBuildOverlayShortcutsRuntimeMainDepsHandler } from './main/runtime/domains/shortcuts';
 import { createMainRuntimeRegistry } from './main/runtime/registry';
 import {
@@ -440,6 +453,7 @@ import { createOverlayModalRuntimeService } from './main/overlay-runtime';
 import { createOverlayModalInputState } from './main/runtime/overlay-modal-input-state';
 import { openYoutubeTrackPicker } from './main/runtime/youtube-picker-open';
 import { createPlaylistBrowserIpcRuntime } from './main/runtime/playlist-browser-ipc';
+import { writeSessionBindingsArtifact } from './main/runtime/session-bindings-artifact';
 import { createOverlayShortcutsRuntimeService } from './main/overlay-shortcuts-runtime';
 import {
   createFrequencyDictionaryRuntimeService,
@@ -1526,6 +1540,9 @@ const buildConfigHotReloadAppliedMainDepsHandler = createBuildConfigHotReloadApp
     setKeybindings: (keybindings) => {
       appState.keybindings = keybindings;
     },
+    setSessionBindings: (sessionBindings) => {
+      persistSessionBindings(sessionBindings);
+    },
     refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => {
       refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts();
     },
@@ -1835,6 +1852,9 @@ const overlayVisibilityRuntime = createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
     getForceMousePassthrough: () => appState.statsOverlayVisible,
     getWindowTracker: () => appState.windowTracker,
+    getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName: () => lastWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcessName,
+    getWindowsOverlayProcessName: () => path.parse(process.execPath).name.toLowerCase(),
+    getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive: () => hasWindowsVisibleOverlayFocusHandoffGrace(),
     getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => appState.trackerNotReadyWarningShown,
     setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
       appState.trackerNotReadyWarningShown = shown;
@@ -1843,6 +1863,9 @@ const overlayVisibilityRuntime = createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window) => {
       ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window);
     },
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: (_window) => {
+      requestWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSync();
+    },
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer) => {
       syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer(layer);
     },
@@ -1870,6 +1893,231 @@ const overlayVisibilityRuntime = createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
     },
   })(),
 );
+
+const WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_BLUR_REFRESH_DELAYS_MS = [0, 25, 100, 250] as const;
+const WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_Z_ORDER_RETRY_DELAYS_MS = [0, 48, 120, 240, 480] as const;
+const WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_FOREGROUND_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 75;
+const WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_FOCUS_HANDOFF_GRACE_MS = 200;
+let windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts: Array<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>> = [];
+let windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts: Array<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>> = [];
+let windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncInFlight = false;
+let windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncQueued = false;
+let windowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+let windowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollInFlight = false;
+let lastWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcessName: string | null = null;
+let lastWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurredAtMs = 0;
+
+function clearWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts(): void {
+  for (const timeout of windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts) {
+    clearTimeout(timeout);
+  }
+  windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts = [];
+}
+
+function clearWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts(): void {
+  for (const timeout of windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts) {
+    clearTimeout(timeout);
+  }
+  windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts = [];
+}
+
+function getWindowsNativeWindowHandle(window: BrowserWindow): string {
+  const handle = window.getNativeWindowHandle();
+  return handle.length >= 8
+    ? handle.readBigUInt64LE(0).toString()
+    : BigInt(handle.readUInt32LE(0)).toString();
+}
+
+function getWindowsNativeWindowHandleNumber(window: BrowserWindow): number {
+  const handle = window.getNativeWindowHandle();
+  return handle.length >= 8
+    ? Number(handle.readBigUInt64LE(0))
+    : handle.readUInt32LE(0);
+}
+
+function resolveWindowsOverlayBindTargetHandle(targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null): number | null {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./window-trackers/win32') as typeof import('./window-trackers/win32');
+    const poll = win32.findMpvWindows();
+    const focused = poll.matches.find((m) => m.isForeground);
+    return focused?.hwnd ?? poll.matches.sort((a, b) => b.area - a.area)[0]?.hwnd ?? null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+async function syncWindowsVisibleOverlayToMpvZOrder(): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const mainWindow = overlayManager.getMainWindow();
+  if (
+    !mainWindow ||
+    mainWindow.isDestroyed() ||
+    !mainWindow.isVisible() ||
+    !overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible()
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const windowTracker = appState.windowTracker;
+  if (!windowTracker) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    typeof windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized === 'function' &&
+    windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized()
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!windowTracker.isTracking() && windowTracker.getGeometry() === null) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const overlayHwnd = getWindowsNativeWindowHandleNumber(mainWindow);
+  const targetWindowHwnd = resolveWindowsOverlayBindTargetHandle(appState.mpvSocketPath);
+  if (targetWindowHwnd !== null && bindWindowsOverlayAboveMpvNative(overlayHwnd, targetWindowHwnd)) {
+    (mainWindow as BrowserWindow & { setOpacity?: (opacity: number) => void }).setOpacity?.(1);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function requestWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSync(): void {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncInFlight) {
+    windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncQueued = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncInFlight = true;
+  void syncWindowsVisibleOverlayToMpvZOrder()
+    .catch((error) => {
+      logger.warn('Failed to bind Windows overlay z-order to mpv', error);
+    })
+    .finally(() => {
+      windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncInFlight = false;
+      if (!windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncQueued) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncQueued = false;
+      requestWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSync();
+    });
+}
+
+function scheduleWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncBurst(): void {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  clearWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts();
+  for (const delayMs of WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_Z_ORDER_RETRY_DELAYS_MS) {
+    const retryTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts = windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts.filter(
+        (timeout) => timeout !== retryTimeout,
+      );
+      requestWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSync();
+    }, delayMs);
+    windowsVisibleOverlayZOrderRetryTimeouts.push(retryTimeout);
+  }
+}
+
+function hasWindowsVisibleOverlayFocusHandoffGrace(): boolean {
+  return (
+    process.platform === 'win32' &&
+    lastWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurredAtMs > 0 &&
+    Date.now() - lastWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurredAtMs <=
+      WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_FOCUS_HANDOFF_GRACE_MS
+  );
+}
+
+function shouldPollWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcess(): boolean {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32' || !overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const mainWindow = overlayManager.getMainWindow();
+  if (!mainWindow || mainWindow.isDestroyed()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const windowTracker = appState.windowTracker;
+  if (!windowTracker) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (
+    typeof windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized === 'function' &&
+    windowTracker.isTargetWindowMinimized()
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const overlayFocused = mainWindow.isFocused();
+  const trackerFocused = windowTracker.isTargetWindowFocused?.() ?? false;
+  return !overlayFocused && !trackerFocused;
+}
+
+function maybePollWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcess(): void {
+  if (!shouldPollWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcess()) {
+    lastWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcessName = null;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const processName = getWindowsForegroundProcessNameNative();
+  const normalizedProcessName = processName?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? null;
+  const previousProcessName = lastWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcessName;
+  lastWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcessName = normalizedProcessName;
+
+  if (normalizedProcessName !== previousProcessName) {
+    overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+  }
+  if (normalizedProcessName === 'mpv' && previousProcessName !== 'mpv') {
+    requestWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSync();
+  }
+}
+
+function ensureWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollLoop(): void {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32' || windowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollInterval !== null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  windowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollInterval = setInterval(() => {
+    maybePollWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundProcess();
+  }, WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_FOREGROUND_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+}
+
+function scheduleVisibleOverlayBlurRefresh(): void {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  lastWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurredAtMs = Date.now();
+  clearWindowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts();
+  for (const delayMs of WINDOWS_VISIBLE_OVERLAY_BLUR_REFRESH_DELAYS_MS) {
+    const refreshTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts = windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts.filter(
+        (timeout) => timeout !== refreshTimeout,
+      );
+      overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+    }, delayMs);
+    windowsVisibleOverlayBlurRefreshTimeouts.push(refreshTimeout);
+  }
+}
+
+ensureWindowsVisibleOverlayForegroundPollLoop();
+
 const buildGetRuntimeOptionsStateMainDepsHandler = createBuildGetRuntimeOptionsStateMainDepsHandler(
   {
     getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => appState.runtimeOptionsManager,
@@ -3146,6 +3394,7 @@ const { appReadyRuntimeRunner } = composeAppReadyRuntime({
     loadSubtitlePosition: () => loadSubtitlePosition(),
     resolveKeybindings: () => {
       appState.keybindings = resolveKeybindings(getResolvedConfig(), DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS);
+      refreshCurrentSessionBindings();
     },
     createMpvClient: () => {
       appState.mpvClient = createMpvClientRuntimeService();
@@ -3288,6 +3537,9 @@ function ensureOverlayStartupPrereqs(): void {
   }
   if (appState.keybindings.length === 0) {
     appState.keybindings = resolveKeybindings(getResolvedConfig(), DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS);
+    refreshCurrentSessionBindings();
+  } else if (appState.sessionBindings.length === 0) {
+    refreshCurrentSessionBindings();
   }
   if (!appState.mpvClient) {
     appState.mpvClient = createMpvClientRuntimeService();
@@ -3674,6 +3926,12 @@ function applyOverlayRegions(geometry: WindowGeometry): void {
 const buildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler =
   createBuildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler({
     setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry) => applyOverlayRegions(geometry),
+    afterSetOverlayWindowBounds: () => {
+      if (process.platform !== 'win32' || !overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      scheduleWindowsVisibleOverlayZOrderSyncBurst();
+    },
   });
 const updateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps = buildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler();
 const updateVisibleOverlayBounds = createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler(
@@ -3796,7 +4054,14 @@ function createModalWindow(): BrowserWindow {
 }
 
 function createMainWindow(): BrowserWindow {
-  return createMainWindowHandler();
+  const window = createMainWindowHandler();
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    const overlayHwnd = getWindowsNativeWindowHandleNumber(window);
+    if (!ensureWindowsOverlayTransparencyNative(overlayHwnd)) {
+      logger.warn('Failed to eagerly extend Windows overlay transparency via koffi');
+    }
+  }
+  return window;
 }
 
 function ensureTray(): void {
@@ -3873,6 +4138,54 @@ const {
   },
 });
 
+function resolveSessionBindingPlatform(): 'darwin' | 'win32' | 'linux' {
+  if (process.platform === 'darwin') return 'darwin';
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') return 'win32';
+  return 'linux';
+}
+
+function compileCurrentSessionBindings(): {
+  bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
+  warnings: ReturnType<typeof compileSessionBindings>['warnings'];
+} {
+  return compileSessionBindings({
+    keybindings: appState.keybindings,
+    shortcuts: getConfiguredShortcuts(),
+    statsToggleKey: getResolvedConfig().stats.toggleKey,
+    platform: resolveSessionBindingPlatform(),
+    rawConfig: getResolvedConfig(),
+  });
+}
+
+function persistSessionBindings(
+  bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[],
+  warnings: ReturnType<typeof compileSessionBindings>['warnings'] = [],
+): void {
+  appState.sessionBindings = bindings;
+  writeSessionBindingsArtifact(
+    CONFIG_DIR,
+    buildPluginSessionBindingsArtifact({
+      bindings,
+      warnings,
+      numericSelectionTimeoutMs: getConfiguredShortcuts().multiCopyTimeoutMs,
+    }),
+  );
+  if (appState.mpvClient?.connected) {
+    sendMpvCommandRuntime(appState.mpvClient, [
+      'script-message',
+      'subminer-reload-session-bindings',
+    ]);
+  }
+}
+
+function refreshCurrentSessionBindings(): void {
+  const compiled = compileCurrentSessionBindings();
+  for (const warning of compiled.warnings) {
+    logger.warn(`[session-bindings] ${warning.message}`);
+  }
+  persistSessionBindings(compiled.bindings, compiled.warnings);
+}
+
 const { flushMpvLog, showMpvOsd } = createMpvOsdRuntimeHandlers({
   appendToMpvLogMainDeps: {
     logPath: DEFAULT_MPV_LOG_PATH,
@@ -4184,6 +4497,51 @@ const shiftSubtitleDelayToAdjacentCueHandler = createShiftSubtitleDelayToAdjacen
   showMpvOsd: (text) => showMpvOsd(text),
 });
 
+async function dispatchSessionAction(request: SessionActionDispatchRequest): Promise<void> {
+  await dispatchSessionActionCore(request, {
+    toggleStatsOverlay: () =>
+      toggleStatsOverlayWindow({
+        staticDir: statsDistPath,
+        preloadPath: statsPreloadPath,
+        getApiBaseUrl: () => ensureStatsServerStarted(),
+        getToggleKey: () => getResolvedConfig().stats.toggleKey,
+        resolveBounds: () => getCurrentOverlayGeometry(),
+        onVisibilityChanged: (visible) => {
+          appState.statsOverlayVisible = visible;
+          overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+        },
+      }),
+    toggleVisibleOverlay: () => toggleVisibleOverlay(),
+    copyCurrentSubtitle: () => copyCurrentSubtitle(),
+    copySubtitleCount: (count) => handleMultiCopyDigit(count),
+    updateLastCardFromClipboard: () => updateLastCardFromClipboard(),
+    triggerFieldGrouping: () => triggerFieldGrouping(),
+    triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => triggerSubsyncFromConfig(),
+    mineSentenceCard: () => mineSentenceCard(),
+    mineSentenceCount: (count) => handleMineSentenceDigit(count),
+    toggleSecondarySub: () => handleCycleSecondarySubMode(),
+    markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => markLastCardAsAudioCard(),
+    openRuntimeOptionsPalette: () => openRuntimeOptionsPalette(),
+    openJimaku: () => overlayModalRuntime.openJimaku(),
+    openYoutubeTrackPicker: () => openYoutubeTrackPickerFromPlayback(),
+    openPlaylistBrowser: () => openPlaylistBrowser(),
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: () => replayCurrentSubtitleRuntime(appState.mpvClient),
+    playNextSubtitle: () => playNextSubtitleRuntime(appState.mpvClient),
+    shiftSubDelayToAdjacentSubtitle: (direction) =>
+      shiftSubtitleDelayToAdjacentCueHandler(direction),
+    cycleRuntimeOption: (id, direction) => {
+      if (!appState.runtimeOptionsManager) {
+        return { ok: false, error: 'Runtime options manager unavailable' };
+      }
+      return applyRuntimeOptionResultRuntime(
+        appState.runtimeOptionsManager.cycleOption(id, direction),
+        (text) => showMpvOsd(text),
+      );
+    },
+    showMpvOsd: (text) => showMpvOsd(text),
+  });
+}
+
 const { playlistBrowserMainDeps } = createPlaylistBrowserIpcRuntime(() => appState.mpvClient, {
   getPrimarySubtitleLanguages: () => getResolvedConfig().youtube.primarySubLanguages,
   getSecondarySubtitleLanguages: () => getResolvedConfig().secondarySub.secondarySubLanguages,
@@ -4341,7 +4699,9 @@ const { registerIpcRuntimeHandlers } = composeIpcRuntimeHandlers({
       saveSubtitlePosition: (position) => saveSubtitlePosition(position),
       getMecabTokenizer: () => appState.mecabTokenizer,
       getKeybindings: () => appState.keybindings,
+      getSessionBindings: () => appState.sessionBindings,
       getConfiguredShortcuts: () => getConfiguredShortcuts(),
+      dispatchSessionAction: (request) => dispatchSessionAction(request),
       getStatsToggleKey: () => getResolvedConfig().stats.toggleKey,
       getMarkWatchedKey: () => getResolvedConfig().stats.markWatchedKey,
       getControllerConfig: () => getResolvedConfig().controller,
@@ -4462,6 +4822,7 @@ const { handleCliCommand, handleInitialArgs } = composeCliStartupHandlers({
     printHelp: () => printHelp(DEFAULT_TEXTHOOKER_PORT),
     stopApp: () => requestAppQuit(),
     hasMainWindow: () => Boolean(overlayManager.getMainWindow()),
+    dispatchSessionAction: (request: SessionActionDispatchRequest) => dispatchSessionAction(request),
     getMultiCopyTimeoutMs: () => getConfiguredShortcuts().multiCopyTimeoutMs,
     schedule: (fn: () => void, delayMs: number) => setTimeout(fn, delayMs),
     logInfo: (message: string) => logger.info(message),
@@ -4595,6 +4956,8 @@ const { createMainWindow: createMainWindowHandler, createModalWindow: createModa
       tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input) =>
         overlayShortcutsRuntime.tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback(input),
       forwardTabToMpv: () => sendMpvCommandRuntime(appState.mpvClient, ['keypress', 'TAB']),
+      onVisibleWindowBlurred: () => scheduleVisibleOverlayBlurRefresh(),
+      onWindowContentReady: () => overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
       onWindowClosed: (windowKind) => {
         if (windowKind === 'visible') {
           overlayManager.setMainWindow(null);
@@ -4696,6 +5059,9 @@ const { initializeOverlayRuntime: initializeOverlayRuntimeHandler } =
         updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () =>
           overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
       },
+      refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => {
+        subtitleProcessingController.refreshCurrentSubtitle(appState.currentSubText);
+      },
       overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
         syncOverlayShortcuts: () => overlayShortcutsRuntime.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
       },
@@ -4719,6 +5085,40 @@ const { initializeOverlayRuntime: initializeOverlayRuntimeHandler } =
       },
       updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
         updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
+      bindOverlayOwner: () => {
+        const mainWindow = overlayManager.getMainWindow();
+        if (process.platform !== 'win32' || !mainWindow || mainWindow.isDestroyed()) return;
+        const overlayHwnd = getWindowsNativeWindowHandleNumber(mainWindow);
+        const targetWindowHwnd = resolveWindowsOverlayBindTargetHandle(appState.mpvSocketPath);
+        if (targetWindowHwnd !== null && bindWindowsOverlayAboveMpvNative(overlayHwnd, targetWindowHwnd)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const tracker = appState.windowTracker;
+        const mpvResult = tracker
+          ? (() => {
+              try {
+                const win32 = require('./window-trackers/win32') as typeof import('./window-trackers/win32');
+                const poll = win32.findMpvWindows();
+                const focused = poll.matches.find((m) => m.isForeground);
+                return focused ?? poll.matches.sort((a, b) => b.area - a.area)[0] ?? null;
+              } catch {
+                return null;
+              }
+            })()
+          : null;
+        if (!mpvResult) return;
+        if (!setWindowsOverlayOwnerNative(overlayHwnd, mpvResult.hwnd)) {
+          logger.warn('Failed to set overlay owner via koffi');
+        }
+      },
+      releaseOverlayOwner: () => {
+        const mainWindow = overlayManager.getMainWindow();
+        if (process.platform !== 'win32' || !mainWindow || mainWindow.isDestroyed()) return;
+        const overlayHwnd = getWindowsNativeWindowHandleNumber(mainWindow);
+        if (!clearWindowsOverlayOwnerNative(overlayHwnd)) {
+          logger.warn('Failed to clear overlay owner via koffi');
+        }
+      },
       getOverlayWindows: () => getOverlayWindows(),
       getResolvedConfig: () => getResolvedConfig(),
       showDesktopNotification,

src/main/cli-runtime.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export interface CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext {
   triggerFieldGrouping: () => Promise<void>;
   triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
   markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  dispatchSessionAction: CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams['dispatchSessionAction'];
   getAnilistStatus: CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams['anilist']['getStatus'];
   clearAnilistToken: CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams['anilist']['clearToken'];
   openAnilistSetup: CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams['anilist']['openSetup'];
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ function createCliCommandDepsFromContext(
       hasMainWindow: context.hasMainWindow,
       runYoutubePlaybackFlow: context.runYoutubePlaybackFlow,
     },
+    dispatchSessionAction: context.dispatchSessionAction,
     ui: {
       openFirstRunSetup: context.openFirstRunSetup,
       openYomitanSettings: context.openYomitanSettings,

src/main/dependencies.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ export interface MainIpcRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
   getMecabTokenizer: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getMecabTokenizer'];
   handleMpvCommand: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['handleMpvCommand'];
   getKeybindings: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getKeybindings'];
+  getSessionBindings: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getSessionBindings'];
   getConfiguredShortcuts: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getConfiguredShortcuts'];
+  dispatchSessionAction: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['dispatchSessionAction'];
   getStatsToggleKey: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getStatsToggleKey'];
   getMarkWatchedKey: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getMarkWatchedKey'];
   getControllerConfig: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getControllerConfig'];
@@ -178,6 +180,7 @@ export interface CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
     hasMainWindow: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['app']['hasMainWindow'];
     runYoutubePlaybackFlow: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['app']['runYoutubePlaybackFlow'];
   };
+  dispatchSessionAction: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['dispatchSessionAction'];
   ui: {
     openFirstRunSetup: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['ui']['openFirstRunSetup'];
     openYomitanSettings: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['ui']['openYomitanSettings'];
@@ -233,7 +236,9 @@ export function createMainIpcRuntimeServiceDeps(
     getMecabTokenizer: params.getMecabTokenizer,
     handleMpvCommand: params.handleMpvCommand,
     getKeybindings: params.getKeybindings,
+    getSessionBindings: params.getSessionBindings,
     getConfiguredShortcuts: params.getConfiguredShortcuts,
+    dispatchSessionAction: params.dispatchSessionAction,
     getStatsToggleKey: params.getStatsToggleKey,
     getMarkWatchedKey: params.getMarkWatchedKey,
     getControllerConfig: params.getControllerConfig,
@@ -347,6 +352,7 @@ export function createCliCommandRuntimeServiceDeps(
       hasMainWindow: params.app.hasMainWindow,
       runYoutubePlaybackFlow: params.app.runYoutubePlaybackFlow,
     },
+    dispatchSessionAction: params.dispatchSessionAction,
     ui: {
       openFirstRunSetup: params.ui.openFirstRunSetup,
       openYomitanSettings: params.ui.openYomitanSettings,

src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts

@@ -12,10 +12,14 @@ export interface OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps {
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   getForceMousePassthrough: () => boolean;
   getWindowTracker: () => BaseWindowTracker | null;
+  getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?: () => string | null;
+  getWindowsOverlayProcessName?: () => string | null;
+  getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive?: () => boolean;
   getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => boolean;
   setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
+  syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
   syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') => void;
   enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => void;
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
@@ -36,12 +40,20 @@ export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
 
   return {
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(): void {
+      const visibleOverlayVisible = deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible();
+      const forceMousePassthrough = deps.getForceMousePassthrough();
+      const windowTracker = deps.getWindowTracker();
+      const mainWindow = deps.getMainWindow();
+
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
-        visibleOverlayVisible: deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
+        visibleOverlayVisible,
         modalActive: deps.getModalActive(),
-        forceMousePassthrough: deps.getForceMousePassthrough(),
-        mainWindow: deps.getMainWindow(),
-        windowTracker: deps.getWindowTracker(),
+        forceMousePassthrough,
+        mainWindow,
+        windowTracker,
+        lastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName: deps.getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?.(),
+        windowsOverlayProcessName: deps.getWindowsOverlayProcessName?.() ?? null,
+        windowsFocusHandoffGraceActive: deps.getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive?.() ?? false,
         trackerNotReadyWarningShown: deps.getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(),
         setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
           deps.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(shown);
@@ -49,6 +61,8 @@ export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
         updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
           deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
         ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
+        syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: (window: BrowserWindow) =>
+          deps.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(window),
         syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') =>
           deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer(layer),
         enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder(),

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ test('build cli command context deps maps handlers and values', () => {
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: async () => {
       calls.push('mark');
     },
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
     getAnilistStatus: () => ({}) as never,
     clearAnilistToken: () => calls.push('clear-token'),
     openAnilistSetup: () => calls.push('anilist'),

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextDepsHandler(deps: {
   triggerFieldGrouping: () => Promise<void>;
   triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
   markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  dispatchSessionAction: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['dispatchSessionAction'];
   getAnilistStatus: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['getAnilistStatus'];
   clearAnilistToken: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['clearAnilistToken'];
   openAnilistSetup: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['openAnilistSetup'];
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextDepsHandler(deps: {
     triggerFieldGrouping: deps.triggerFieldGrouping,
     triggerSubsyncFromConfig: deps.triggerSubsyncFromConfig,
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: deps.markLastCardAsAudioCard,
+    dispatchSessionAction: deps.dispatchSessionAction,
     getAnilistStatus: deps.getAnilistStatus,
     clearAnilistToken: deps.clearAnilistToken,
     openAnilistSetup: deps.openAnilistSetup,

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-factory.test.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ test('cli command context factory composes main deps and context handlers', () =
     triggerFieldGrouping: async () => {},
     triggerSubsyncFromConfig: async () => {},
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: async () => {},
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
     getAnilistStatus: () => ({
       tokenStatus: 'resolved',
       tokenSource: 'literal',

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ test('cli command context main deps builder maps state and callbacks', async ()
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: async () => {
       calls.push('mark-audio');
     },
+    dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
 
     getAnilistStatus: () => ({
       tokenStatus: 'resolved',

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   triggerFieldGrouping: () => Promise<void>;
   triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
   markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  dispatchSessionAction: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['dispatchSessionAction'];
 
   getAnilistStatus: CliCommandContextFactoryDeps['getAnilistStatus'];
   clearAnilistToken: () => void;
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     triggerFieldGrouping: () => deps.triggerFieldGrouping(),
     triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => deps.triggerSubsyncFromConfig(),
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => deps.markLastCardAsAudioCard(),
+    dispatchSessionAction: (request) => deps.dispatchSessionAction(request),
     getAnilistStatus: () => deps.getAnilistStatus(),
     clearAnilistToken: () => deps.clearAnilistToken(),
     openAnilistSetup: () => deps.openAnilistSetupWindow(),

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ function createDeps() {
       triggerFieldGrouping: async () => {},
       triggerSubsyncFromConfig: async () => {},
       markLastCardAsAudioCard: async () => {},
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getAnilistStatus: () => ({}) as never,
       clearAnilistToken: () => {},
       openAnilistSetup: () => {},

src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export type CliCommandContextFactoryDeps = {
   triggerFieldGrouping: () => Promise<void>;
   triggerSubsyncFromConfig: () => Promise<void>;
   markLastCardAsAudioCard: () => Promise<void>;
+  dispatchSessionAction: CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext['dispatchSessionAction'];
   getAnilistStatus: CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext['getAnilistStatus'];
   clearAnilistToken: CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext['clearAnilistToken'];
   openAnilistSetup: CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext['openAnilistSetup'];
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ export function createCliCommandContext(
     triggerFieldGrouping: deps.triggerFieldGrouping,
     triggerSubsyncFromConfig: deps.triggerSubsyncFromConfig,
     markLastCardAsAudioCard: deps.markLastCardAsAudioCard,
+    dispatchSessionAction: deps.dispatchSessionAction,
     getAnilistStatus: deps.getAnilistStatus,
     clearAnilistToken: deps.clearAnilistToken,
     openAnilistSetup: deps.openAnilistSetup,

src/main/runtime/composers/cli-startup-composer.test.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ test('composeCliStartupHandlers returns callable CLI startup handlers', () => {
       triggerFieldGrouping: async () => {},
       triggerSubsyncFromConfig: async () => {},
       markLastCardAsAudioCard: async () => {},
+      dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
       getAnilistStatus: () => ({}) as never,
       clearAnilistToken: () => {},
       openAnilistSetupWindow: () => {},

src/main/runtime/composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts

@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ test('composeIpcRuntimeHandlers returns callable IPC handlers and registration b
         saveSubtitlePosition: () => {},
         getMecabTokenizer: () => null,
         getKeybindings: () => [],
+        getSessionBindings: () => [],
         getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}) as never,
+        dispatchSessionAction: async () => {},
         getStatsToggleKey: () => 'Backquote',
         getMarkWatchedKey: () => 'KeyW',
         getControllerConfig: () => ({}) as never,

src/main/runtime/config-hot-reload-handlers.test.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ test('createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler runs all hot-reload effects', () => {
 
   const applyHotReload = createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler({
     setKeybindings: () => calls.push('set:keybindings'),
+    setSessionBindings: () => calls.push('set:session-bindings'),
     refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('refresh:shortcuts'),
     setSecondarySubMode: (mode) => calls.push(`set:secondary:${mode}`),
     broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel, payload) =>
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ test('createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler runs all hot-reload effects', () => {
   );
 
   assert.ok(calls.includes('set:keybindings'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('set:session-bindings'));
   assert.ok(calls.includes('refresh:shortcuts'));
   assert.ok(calls.includes(`set:secondary:${config.secondarySub.defaultMode}`));
   assert.ok(calls.some((entry) => entry.startsWith('broadcast:secondary-subtitle:mode:')));
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ test('createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler skips optional effects when no hot fie
 
   const applyHotReload = createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler({
     setKeybindings: () => calls.push('set:keybindings'),
+    setSessionBindings: () => calls.push('set:session-bindings'),
     refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('refresh:shortcuts'),
     setSecondarySubMode: () => calls.push('set:secondary'),
     broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel) => calls.push(`broadcast:${channel}`),
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ test('createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler skips optional effects when no hot fie
     config,
   );
 
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set:keybindings']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set:keybindings', 'set:session-bindings']);
 });
 
 test('createConfigHotReloadMessageHandler mirrors message to OSD and desktop notification', () => {

src/main/runtime/config-hot-reload-handlers.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import type { ConfigHotReloadDiff } from '../../core/services/config-hot-reload';
+import { compileSessionBindings } from '../../core/services/session-bindings';
 import { resolveKeybindings } from '../../core/utils/keybindings';
-import { DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS } from '../../config';
+import { resolveConfiguredShortcuts } from '../../core/utils/shortcut-config';
+import { DEFAULT_CONFIG, DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS } from '../../config';
 import type { ConfigHotReloadPayload, ResolvedConfig, SecondarySubMode } from '../../types';
 
 type ConfigHotReloadAppliedDeps = {
   setKeybindings: (keybindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['keybindings']) => void;
+  setSessionBindings: (sessionBindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['sessionBindings']) => void;
   refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setSecondarySubMode: (mode: SecondarySubMode) => void;
   broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, payload: unknown) => void;
@@ -33,8 +36,21 @@ export function resolveSubtitleStyleForRenderer(config: ResolvedConfig) {
 }
 
 export function buildConfigHotReloadPayload(config: ResolvedConfig): ConfigHotReloadPayload {
+  const keybindings = resolveKeybindings(config, DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS);
+  const { bindings: sessionBindings } = compileSessionBindings({
+    keybindings,
+    shortcuts: resolveConfiguredShortcuts(config, DEFAULT_CONFIG),
+    platform:
+      process.platform === 'darwin'
+        ? 'darwin'
+        : process.platform === 'win32'
+          ? 'win32'
+          : 'linux',
+    rawConfig: config,
+  });
   return {
-    keybindings: resolveKeybindings(config, DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS),
+    keybindings,
+    sessionBindings,
     subtitleStyle: resolveSubtitleStyleForRenderer(config),
     subtitleSidebar: config.subtitleSidebar,
     secondarySubMode: config.secondarySub.defaultMode,
@@ -45,6 +61,7 @@ export function createConfigHotReloadAppliedHandler(deps: ConfigHotReloadApplied
   return (diff: ConfigHotReloadDiff, config: ResolvedConfig): void => {
     const payload = buildConfigHotReloadPayload(config);
     deps.setKeybindings(payload.keybindings);
+    deps.setSessionBindings(payload.sessionBindings);
 
     if (diff.hotReloadFields.includes('shortcuts')) {
       deps.refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts();

src/main/runtime/config-hot-reload-main-deps.test.ts

@@ -86,21 +86,25 @@ test('config hot reload message main deps builder maps notifications', () => {
 
 test('config hot reload applied main deps builder maps callbacks', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
-  const deps = createBuildConfigHotReloadAppliedMainDepsHandler({
+  const buildDeps = createBuildConfigHotReloadAppliedMainDepsHandler({
     setKeybindings: () => calls.push('keybindings'),
+    setSessionBindings: () => calls.push('session-bindings'),
     refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('refresh-shortcuts'),
     setSecondarySubMode: () => calls.push('set-secondary'),
     broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel) => calls.push(`broadcast:${channel}`),
     applyAnkiRuntimeConfigPatch: () => calls.push('apply-anki'),
-  })();
+  });
 
+  const deps = buildDeps();
   deps.setKeybindings([]);
+  deps.setSessionBindings([]);
   deps.refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts();
   deps.setSecondarySubMode('hover');
   deps.broadcastToOverlayWindows('config:hot-reload', {});
   deps.applyAnkiRuntimeConfigPatch({ ai: true });
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'keybindings',
+    'session-bindings',
     'refresh-shortcuts',
     'set-secondary',
     'broadcast:config:hot-reload',

src/main/runtime/config-hot-reload-main-deps.ts

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ export function createBuildConfigHotReloadMessageMainDepsHandler(
 
 export function createBuildConfigHotReloadAppliedMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   setKeybindings: (keybindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['keybindings']) => void;
+  setSessionBindings: (sessionBindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['sessionBindings']) => void;
   refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setSecondarySubMode: (mode: SecondarySubMode) => void;
   broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, payload: unknown) => void;
@@ -72,6 +73,8 @@ export function createBuildConfigHotReloadAppliedMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   return () => ({
     setKeybindings: (keybindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['keybindings']) =>
       deps.setKeybindings(keybindings),
+    setSessionBindings: (sessionBindings: ConfigHotReloadPayload['sessionBindings']) =>
+      deps.setSessionBindings(sessionBindings),
     refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.refreshGlobalAndOverlayShortcuts(),
     setSecondarySubMode: (mode: SecondarySubMode) => deps.setSecondarySubMode(mode),
     broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, payload: unknown) =>

src/main/runtime/first-run-setup-service.test.ts

@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     triggerSubsync: false,
     markAudioCard: false,
     openRuntimeOptions: false,
+    openJimaku: false,
+    openYoutubePicker: false,
+    openPlaylistBrowser: false,
+    replayCurrentSubtitle: false,
+    playNextSubtitle: false,
+    shiftSubDelayPrevLine: false,
+    shiftSubDelayNextLine: false,
     anilistStatus: false,
     anilistLogout: false,
     anilistSetup: false,

src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ type InitializeOverlayRuntimeCore = (options: {
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
   shouldStartAnkiIntegration: () => boolean;
+  bindOverlayOwner?: () => void;
+  releaseOverlayOwner?: () => void;
 }) => void;
 
 export function createInitializeOverlayRuntimeHandler(deps: {

src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
     overlayVisibilityRuntime: {
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
     },
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => calls.push('refresh-subtitle'),
     overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
       syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
     },
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
   deps.registerGlobalShortcuts();
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+  deps.refreshCurrentSubtitle?.();
   deps.syncOverlayShortcuts();
   deps.showDesktopNotification('title', {});
 
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
     'register-shortcuts',
     'visible-bounds',
     'update-visible',
+    'refresh-subtitle',
     'sync-shortcuts',
     'notify',
   ]);

src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   overlayVisibilityRuntime: {
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   };
+  refreshCurrentSubtitle?: () => void;
   overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   };
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   createFieldGroupingCallback: OverlayRuntimeOptionsMainDeps['createFieldGroupingCallback'];
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
   shouldStartAnkiIntegration: () => boolean;
+  bindOverlayOwner?: () => void;
+  releaseOverlayOwner?: () => void;
 }) {
   return (): OverlayRuntimeOptionsMainDeps => ({
     getBackendOverride: () => deps.appState.backendOverride,
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () =>
       deps.overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => deps.refreshCurrentSubtitle?.(),
     getOverlayWindows: () => deps.getOverlayWindows(),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.overlayShortcutsRuntime.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
     setWindowTracker: (tracker) => {
@@ -71,5 +75,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     createFieldGroupingCallback: () => deps.createFieldGroupingCallback(),
     getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => deps.getKnownWordCacheStatePath(),
     shouldStartAnkiIntegration: () => deps.shouldStartAnkiIntegration(),
+    bindOverlayOwner: deps.bindOverlayOwner,
+    releaseOverlayOwner: deps.releaseOverlayOwner,
   });
 }

src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('update-visible-bounds'),
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: () => calls.push('refresh-subtitle'),
     getOverlayWindows: () => [],
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
     setWindowTracker: () => calls.push('set-tracker'),
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
   options.registerGlobalShortcuts();
   options.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+  options.refreshCurrentSubtitle?.();
   options.syncOverlayShortcuts();
   options.setWindowTracker(null);
   options.setAnkiIntegration(null);
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
     'register-shortcuts',
     'update-visible-bounds',
     'update-visible',
+    'refresh-subtitle',
     'sync-shortcuts',
     'set-tracker',
     'set-anki',

src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ type OverlayRuntimeOptions = {
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
+  refreshCurrentSubtitle?: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ type OverlayRuntimeOptions = {
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
   shouldStartAnkiIntegration: () => boolean;
+  bindOverlayOwner?: () => void;
+  releaseOverlayOwner?: () => void;
 };
 
 export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
+  refreshCurrentSubtitle?: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -65,6 +69,8 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
   shouldStartAnkiIntegration: () => boolean;
+  bindOverlayOwner?: () => void;
+  releaseOverlayOwner?: () => void;
 }) {
   return (): OverlayRuntimeOptions => ({
     backendOverride: deps.getBackendOverride(),
@@ -73,6 +79,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds,
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: deps.isVisibleOverlayVisible,
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility,
+    refreshCurrentSubtitle: deps.refreshCurrentSubtitle,
     getOverlayWindows: deps.getOverlayWindows,
     syncOverlayShortcuts: deps.syncOverlayShortcuts,
     setWindowTracker: deps.setWindowTracker,
@@ -87,5 +94,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
     createFieldGroupingCallback: deps.createFieldGroupingCallback,
     getKnownWordCacheStatePath: deps.getKnownWordCacheStatePath,
     shouldStartAnkiIntegration: deps.shouldStartAnkiIntegration,
+    bindOverlayOwner: deps.bindOverlayOwner,
+    releaseOverlayOwner: deps.releaseOverlayOwner,
   });
 }

src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
     getForceMousePassthrough: () => true,
     getWindowTracker: () => tracker,
+    getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName: () => 'mpv',
+    getWindowsOverlayProcessName: () => 'subminer',
+    getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive: () => true,
     getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => trackerNotReadyWarningShown,
     setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown) => {
       trackerNotReadyWarningShown = shown;
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
     },
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('visible-bounds'),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => calls.push('ensure-level'),
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: () => calls.push('sync-windows-z-order'),
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer) => calls.push(`primary-layer:${layer}`),
     enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => calls.push('enforce-order'),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
@@ -36,10 +40,14 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
   assert.equal(deps.getModalActive(), true);
   assert.equal(deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
   assert.equal(deps.getForceMousePassthrough(), true);
+  assert.equal(deps.getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?.(), 'mpv');
+  assert.equal(deps.getWindowsOverlayProcessName?.(), 'subminer');
+  assert.equal(deps.getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive?.(), true);
   assert.equal(deps.getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(), false);
   deps.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(mainWindow);
+  deps.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(mainWindow);
   deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
   deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder();
   deps.syncOverlayShortcuts();
@@ -52,6 +60,7 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
     'tracker-warning:true',
     'visible-bounds',
     'ensure-level',
+    'sync-windows-z-order',
     'primary-layer:visible',
     'enforce-order',
     'sync-shortcuts',

src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts

@@ -11,11 +11,17 @@ export function createBuildOverlayVisibilityRuntimeMainDepsHandler(
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
     getForceMousePassthrough: () => deps.getForceMousePassthrough(),
     getWindowTracker: () => deps.getWindowTracker(),
+    getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName: () =>
+      deps.getLastKnownWindowsForegroundProcessName?.() ?? null,
+    getWindowsOverlayProcessName: () => deps.getWindowsOverlayProcessName?.() ?? null,
+    getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive: () => deps.getWindowsFocusHandoffGraceActive?.() ?? false,
     getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => deps.getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(),
     setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => deps.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(shown),
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
       deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
+    syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder: (window: BrowserWindow) =>
+      deps.syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder?.(window),
     syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') => deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer(layer),
     enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder(),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.syncOverlayShortcuts(),

src/main/runtime/overlay-window-factory-main-deps.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ export function createBuildCreateOverlayWindowMainDepsHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
       isOverlayVisible: (windowKind: 'visible' | 'modal') => boolean;
       tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input: Electron.Input) => boolean;
       forwardTabToMpv: () => void;
+      onVisibleWindowBlurred?: () => void;
+      onWindowContentReady?: () => void;
       onWindowClosed: (windowKind: 'visible' | 'modal') => void;
       yomitanSession?: Session | null;
     },
@@ -22,6 +24,8 @@ export function createBuildCreateOverlayWindowMainDepsHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
   isOverlayVisible: (windowKind: 'visible' | 'modal') => boolean;
   tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input: Electron.Input) => boolean;
   forwardTabToMpv: () => void;
+  onVisibleWindowBlurred?: () => void;
+  onWindowContentReady?: () => void;
   onWindowClosed: (windowKind: 'visible' | 'modal') => void;
   getYomitanSession?: () => Session | null;
 }) {
@@ -34,6 +38,8 @@ export function createBuildCreateOverlayWindowMainDepsHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
     isOverlayVisible: deps.isOverlayVisible,
     tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: deps.tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback,
     forwardTabToMpv: deps.forwardTabToMpv,
+    onVisibleWindowBlurred: deps.onVisibleWindowBlurred,
+    onWindowContentReady: deps.onWindowContentReady,
     onWindowClosed: deps.onWindowClosed,
     getYomitanSession: () => deps.getYomitanSession?.() ?? null,
   });

src/main/runtime/overlay-window-factory.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ export function createCreateOverlayWindowHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
       isOverlayVisible: (windowKind: OverlayWindowKind) => boolean;
       tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input: Electron.Input) => boolean;
       forwardTabToMpv: () => void;
+      onVisibleWindowBlurred?: () => void;
+      onWindowContentReady?: () => void;
       onWindowClosed: (windowKind: OverlayWindowKind) => void;
       yomitanSession?: Session | null;
     },
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ export function createCreateOverlayWindowHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
   isOverlayVisible: (windowKind: OverlayWindowKind) => boolean;
   tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: (input: Electron.Input) => boolean;
   forwardTabToMpv: () => void;
+  onVisibleWindowBlurred?: () => void;
+  onWindowContentReady?: () => void;
   onWindowClosed: (windowKind: OverlayWindowKind) => void;
   getYomitanSession?: () => Session | null;
 }) {
@@ -36,6 +40,8 @@ export function createCreateOverlayWindowHandler<TWindow>(deps: {
       isOverlayVisible: deps.isOverlayVisible,
       tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback: deps.tryHandleOverlayShortcutLocalFallback,
       forwardTabToMpv: deps.forwardTabToMpv,
+      onVisibleWindowBlurred: deps.onVisibleWindowBlurred,
+      onWindowContentReady: deps.onWindowContentReady,
       onWindowClosed: deps.onWindowClosed,
       yomitanSession: deps.getYomitanSession?.() ?? null,
     });

src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export function createBuildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler(
 ) {
   return (): UpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps => ({
     setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry) => deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(geometry),
+    afterSetOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry) => deps.afterSetOverlayWindowBounds?.(geometry),
   });
 }
 

src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,22 @@ test('visible bounds handler writes visible layer geometry', () => {
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [geometry]);
 });
 
+test('visible bounds handler runs follow-up callback after applying geometry', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const geometry = { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50 };
+  const handleVisible = createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler({
+    setOverlayWindowBounds: () => calls.push('set-bounds'),
+    afterSetOverlayWindowBounds: (nextGeometry) => {
+      assert.deepEqual(nextGeometry, geometry);
+      calls.push('after-bounds');
+    },
+  });
+
+  handleVisible(geometry);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set-bounds', 'after-bounds']);
+});
+
 test('ensure overlay window level handler delegates to core', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const ensureLevel = createEnsureOverlayWindowLevelHandler({

src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import type { WindowGeometry } from '../../types';
 
 export function createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler(deps: {
   setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
+  afterSetOverlayWindowBounds?: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
 }) {
   return (geometry: WindowGeometry): void => {
     deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(geometry);
+    deps.afterSetOverlayWindowBounds?.(geometry);
   };
 }
 

src/main/runtime/session-bindings-artifact.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import type { PluginSessionBindingsArtifact } from '../../types';
+
+export function getSessionBindingsArtifactPath(configDir: string): string {
+  return path.join(configDir, 'session-bindings.json');
+}
+
+export function writeSessionBindingsArtifact(
+  configDir: string,
+  artifact: PluginSessionBindingsArtifact,
+): string {
+  const artifactPath = getSessionBindingsArtifactPath(configDir);
+  fs.mkdirSync(configDir, { recursive: true });
+  fs.writeFileSync(artifactPath, `${JSON.stringify(artifact, null, 2)}\n`, 'utf8');
+  return artifactPath;
+}

src/main/state.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { BrowserWindow, Extension, Session } from 'electron';
 
 import type {
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
   Keybinding,
   MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
   SecondarySubMode,
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ export interface AppState {
   anilistClientSecretState: AnilistSecretResolutionState;
   mecabTokenizer: MecabTokenizer | null;
   keybindings: Keybinding[];
+  sessionBindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
   subtitleTimingTracker: SubtitleTimingTracker | null;
   immersionTracker: ImmersionTrackerService | null;
   ankiIntegration: AnkiIntegration | null;
@@ -252,6 +254,7 @@ export function createAppState(values: AppStateInitialValues): AppState {
     anilistClientSecretState: createInitialAnilistSecretResolutionState(),
     mecabTokenizer: null,
     keybindings: [],
+    sessionBindings: [],
     subtitleTimingTracker: null,
     immersionTracker: null,
     ankiIntegration: null,

src/preload.ts

@@ -223,8 +223,11 @@ const electronAPI: ElectronAPI = {
 
   getKeybindings: (): Promise<Keybinding[]> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getKeybindings),
+  getSessionBindings: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getSessionBindings),
   getConfiguredShortcuts: (): Promise<Required<ShortcutsConfig>> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getConfigShortcuts),
+  dispatchSessionAction: (actionId, payload) =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke(IPC_CHANNELS.command.dispatchSessionAction, { actionId, payload }),
   getStatsToggleKey: (): Promise<string> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getStatsToggleKey),
   getMarkWatchedKey: (): Promise<string> =>

src/renderer/error-recovery.test.ts

@@ -230,6 +230,42 @@ test('resolvePlatformInfo supports modal layer and disables mouse-ignore toggles
   }
 });
 
+test('resolvePlatformInfo flags Windows platforms', () => {
+  const previousWindow = (globalThis as { window?: unknown }).window;
+  const previousNavigator = (globalThis as { navigator?: unknown }).navigator;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        getOverlayLayer: () => 'visible',
+      },
+      location: { search: '' },
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'navigator', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      platform: 'Win32',
+      userAgent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)',
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const info = resolvePlatformInfo();
+    assert.equal(info.isWindowsPlatform, true);
+    assert.equal(info.isMacOSPlatform, false);
+    assert.equal(info.isLinuxPlatform, false);
+    assert.equal(info.shouldToggleMouseIgnore, true);
+  } finally {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', { configurable: true, value: previousWindow });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'navigator', {
+      configurable: true,
+      value: previousNavigator,
+    });
+  }
+});
+
 test('isYomitanPopupIframe matches modern popup class and legacy id prefix', () => {
   const createElement = (options: {
     tagName: string;

src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import test from 'node:test';
 
 import { createKeyboardHandlers } from './keyboard.js';
 import { createRendererState } from '../state.js';
+import type { CompiledSessionBinding } from '../../types';
 import { YOMITAN_POPUP_COMMAND_EVENT, YOMITAN_POPUP_HIDDEN_EVENT } from '../yomitan-popup.js';
 
 type CommandEventDetail = {
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ function installKeyboardTestGlobals() {
   const windowListeners = new Map<string, Array<(event: unknown) => void>>();
   const commandEvents: CommandEventDetail[] = [];
   const mpvCommands: Array<Array<string | number>> = [];
+  const sessionActions: Array<{ actionId: string; payload?: unknown }> = [];
+  let sessionBindings: CompiledSessionBinding[] = [];
   let playbackPausedResponse: boolean | null = false;
   let statsToggleKey = 'Backquote';
   let markWatchedKey = 'KeyW';
@@ -153,10 +156,14 @@ function installKeyboardTestGlobals() {
       },
       electronAPI: {
         getKeybindings: async () => [],
+        getSessionBindings: async () => sessionBindings,
         getConfiguredShortcuts: async () => configuredShortcuts,
         sendMpvCommand: (command: Array<string | number>) => {
           mpvCommands.push(command);
         },
+        dispatchSessionAction: async (actionId: string, payload?: unknown) => {
+          sessionActions.push({ actionId, payload });
+        },
         getPlaybackPaused: async () => playbackPausedResponse,
         getStatsToggleKey: async () => statsToggleKey,
         getMarkWatchedKey: async () => markWatchedKey,
@@ -273,6 +280,7 @@ function installKeyboardTestGlobals() {
   return {
     commandEvents,
     mpvCommands,
+    sessionActions,
     overlay,
     overlayFocusCalls,
     focusMainWindowCalls: () => focusMainWindowCalls,
@@ -292,6 +300,9 @@ function installKeyboardTestGlobals() {
     setConfiguredShortcuts: (value: typeof configuredShortcuts) => {
       configuredShortcuts = value;
     },
+    setSessionBindings: (value: CompiledSessionBinding[]) => {
+      sessionBindings = value;
+    },
     setMarkActiveVideoWatchedResult: (value: boolean) => {
       markActiveVideoWatchedResult = value;
     },
@@ -521,13 +532,19 @@ test('popup-visible mpv keybindings still fire for bound keys', async () => {
 
   try {
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
-    handlers.updateKeybindings([
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
       {
-        key: 'Space',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        originalKey: 'Space',
+        key: { code: 'Space', modifiers: [] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['cycle', 'pause'],
       },
       {
-        key: 'KeyQ',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[1].key',
+        originalKey: 'KeyQ',
+        key: { code: 'KeyQ', modifiers: [] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['quit'],
       },
     ] as never);
@@ -549,9 +566,12 @@ test('paused configured subtitle-jump keybinding re-applies pause after backward
 
   try {
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
-    handlers.updateKeybindings([
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
       {
-        key: 'Shift+KeyH',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        originalKey: 'Shift+KeyH',
+        key: { code: 'KeyH', modifiers: ['shift'] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['sub-seek', -1],
       },
     ] as never);
@@ -574,9 +594,12 @@ test('configured subtitle-jump keybinding preserves pause when pause state is un
 
   try {
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
-    handlers.updateKeybindings([
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
       {
-        key: 'Shift+KeyH',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        originalKey: 'Shift+KeyH',
+        key: { code: 'KeyH', modifiers: ['shift'] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['sub-seek', -1],
       },
     ] as never);
@@ -763,13 +786,19 @@ test('youtube picker: unhandled keys still dispatch mpv keybindings', async () =
 
   try {
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
-    handlers.updateKeybindings([
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
       {
-        key: 'Space',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[0].key',
+        originalKey: 'Space',
+        key: { code: 'Space', modifiers: [] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['cycle', 'pause'],
       },
       {
-        key: 'KeyQ',
+        sourcePath: 'keybindings[1].key',
+        originalKey: 'KeyQ',
+        key: { code: 'KeyQ', modifiers: [] },
+        actionType: 'mpv-command',
         command: ['quit'],
       },
     ] as never);
@@ -785,46 +814,72 @@ test('youtube picker: unhandled keys still dispatch mpv keybindings', async () =
   }
 });
 
-test('linux overlay shortcut: Ctrl+Alt+S dispatches subsync special command locally', async () => {
-  const { ctx, handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
+test('session binding: Ctrl+Alt+S dispatches subsync action locally', async () => {
+  const { handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
 
   try {
-    ctx.platform.isLinuxPlatform = true;
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'shortcuts.triggerSubsync',
+        originalKey: 'Ctrl+Alt+S',
+        key: { code: 'KeyS', modifiers: ['ctrl', 'alt'] },
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        actionId: 'triggerSubsync',
+      },
+    ] as never);
 
     testGlobals.dispatchKeydown({ key: 's', code: 'KeyS', ctrlKey: true, altKey: true });
 
-    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.mpvCommands, [['__subsync-trigger']]);
+    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.sessionActions, [{ actionId: 'triggerSubsync', payload: undefined }]);
   } finally {
     testGlobals.restore();
   }
 });
 
-test('linux overlay shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+J dispatches jimaku special command locally', async () => {
-  const { ctx, handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
+test('session binding: Ctrl+Shift+J dispatches jimaku action locally', async () => {
+  const { handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
 
   try {
-    ctx.platform.isLinuxPlatform = true;
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'shortcuts.openJimaku',
+        originalKey: 'Ctrl+Shift+J',
+        key: { code: 'KeyJ', modifiers: ['ctrl', 'shift'] },
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        actionId: 'openJimaku',
+      },
+    ] as never);
 
     testGlobals.dispatchKeydown({ key: 'J', code: 'KeyJ', ctrlKey: true, shiftKey: true });
 
-    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.mpvCommands, [['__jimaku-open']]);
+    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.sessionActions, [{ actionId: 'openJimaku', payload: undefined }]);
   } finally {
     testGlobals.restore();
   }
 });
 
-test('linux overlay shortcut: CommandOrControl+Shift+O dispatches runtime options locally', async () => {
-  const { ctx, handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
+test('session binding: Ctrl+Shift+O dispatches runtime options locally', async () => {
+  const { handlers, testGlobals } = createKeyboardHandlerHarness();
 
   try {
-    ctx.platform.isLinuxPlatform = true;
     await handlers.setupMpvInputForwarding();
+    handlers.updateSessionBindings([
+      {
+        sourcePath: 'shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions',
+        originalKey: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+O',
+        key: { code: 'KeyO', modifiers: ['ctrl', 'shift'] },
+        actionType: 'session-action',
+        actionId: 'openRuntimeOptions',
+      },
+    ] as never);
 
     testGlobals.dispatchKeydown({ key: 'O', code: 'KeyO', ctrlKey: true, shiftKey: true });
 
-    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.mpvCommands, [['__runtime-options-open']]);
+    assert.deepEqual(testGlobals.sessionActions, [
+      { actionId: 'openRuntimeOptions', payload: undefined },
+    ]);
   } finally {
     testGlobals.restore();
   }

src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-import { SPECIAL_COMMANDS } from '../../config/definitions';
-import type { Keybinding, ShortcutsConfig } from '../../types';
+import type { CompiledSessionBinding, ShortcutsConfig } from '../../types';
 import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
 import {
-  YOMITAN_POPUP_HOST_SELECTOR,
   YOMITAN_POPUP_HIDDEN_EVENT,
   YOMITAN_POPUP_SHOWN_EVENT,
   YOMITAN_POPUP_COMMAND_EVENT,
@@ -37,11 +35,16 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
   // Timeout for the modal chord capture window (e.g. Y followed by H/K).
   const CHORD_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
   const KEYBOARD_SELECTED_WORD_CLASS = 'keyboard-selected';
-  const linuxOverlayShortcutCommands = new Map<string, (string | number)[]>();
   let pendingSelectionAnchorAfterSubtitleSeek: 'start' | 'end' | null = null;
   let pendingLookupRefreshAfterSubtitleSeek = false;
   let resetSelectionToStartOnNextSubtitleSync = false;
   let lookupScanFallbackTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  let pendingNumericSelection:
+    | {
+        actionId: 'copySubtitleMultiple' | 'mineSentenceMultiple';
+        timeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null;
+      }
+    | null = null;
 
   const CHORD_MAP = new Map<
     string,
@@ -62,9 +65,6 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     if (target.closest('.modal')) return true;
     if (ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.contains(target)) return true;
     if (isYomitanPopupIframe(target)) return true;
-    if (target.closest && target.closest(YOMITAN_POPUP_HOST_SELECTOR)) {
-      return true;
-    }
     if (target.closest && target.closest('iframe.yomitan-popup, iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]'))
       return true;
     return false;
@@ -80,115 +80,117 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     return parts.join('+');
   }
 
-  function acceleratorToKeyToken(token: string): string | null {
-    const normalized = token.trim();
-    if (!normalized) return null;
-    if (/^[a-z]$/i.test(normalized)) {
-      return `Key${normalized.toUpperCase()}`;
-    }
-    if (/^[0-9]$/.test(normalized)) {
-      return `Digit${normalized}`;
-    }
-    const exactMap: Record<string, string> = {
-      space: 'Space',
-      tab: 'Tab',
-      enter: 'Enter',
-      return: 'Enter',
-      esc: 'Escape',
-      escape: 'Escape',
-      up: 'ArrowUp',
-      down: 'ArrowDown',
-      left: 'ArrowLeft',
-      right: 'ArrowRight',
-      backspace: 'Backspace',
-      delete: 'Delete',
-      slash: 'Slash',
-      backslash: 'Backslash',
-      minus: 'Minus',
-      plus: 'Equal',
-      equal: 'Equal',
-      comma: 'Comma',
-      period: 'Period',
-      quote: 'Quote',
-      semicolon: 'Semicolon',
-      bracketleft: 'BracketLeft',
-      bracketright: 'BracketRight',
-      backquote: 'Backquote',
-    };
-    const lower = normalized.toLowerCase();
-    if (exactMap[lower]) return exactMap[lower];
-    if (/^key[a-z]$/i.test(normalized) || /^digit[0-9]$/i.test(normalized)) {
-      return normalized[0]!.toUpperCase() + normalized.slice(1);
-    }
-    if (/^arrow(?:up|down|left|right)$/i.test(normalized)) {
-      return normalized[0]!.toUpperCase() + normalized.slice(1);
-    }
-    if (/^f\d{1,2}$/i.test(normalized)) {
-      return normalized.toUpperCase();
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  function acceleratorToKeyString(accelerator: string): string | null {
-    const normalized = accelerator.replace(/\s+/g, '').replace(/cmdorctrl/gi, 'CommandOrControl');
-    if (!normalized) return null;
-    const parts = normalized.split('+').filter(Boolean);
-    const keyToken = parts.pop();
-    if (!keyToken) return null;
-
-    const eventParts: string[] = [];
-    for (const modifier of parts) {
-      const lower = modifier.toLowerCase();
-      if (lower === 'ctrl' || lower === 'control') {
-        eventParts.push('Ctrl');
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (lower === 'alt' || lower === 'option') {
-        eventParts.push('Alt');
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (lower === 'shift') {
-        eventParts.push('Shift');
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (lower === 'meta' || lower === 'super' || lower === 'command' || lower === 'cmd') {
-        eventParts.push('Meta');
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (lower === 'commandorcontrol') {
-        eventParts.push(ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform ? 'Meta' : 'Ctrl');
-        continue;
-      }
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    const normalizedKey = acceleratorToKeyToken(keyToken);
-    if (!normalizedKey) return null;
-    eventParts.push(normalizedKey);
-    return eventParts.join('+');
-  }
-
   function updateConfiguredShortcuts(shortcuts: Required<ShortcutsConfig>): void {
-    linuxOverlayShortcutCommands.clear();
-    const bindings: Array<[string | null, (string | number)[]]> = [
-      [shortcuts.triggerSubsync, [SPECIAL_COMMANDS.SUBSYNC_TRIGGER]],
-      [shortcuts.openRuntimeOptions, [SPECIAL_COMMANDS.RUNTIME_OPTIONS_OPEN]],
-      [shortcuts.openJimaku, [SPECIAL_COMMANDS.JIMAKU_OPEN]],
-    ];
-
-    for (const [accelerator, command] of bindings) {
-      if (!accelerator) continue;
-      const keyString = acceleratorToKeyString(accelerator);
-      if (keyString) {
-        linuxOverlayShortcutCommands.set(keyString, command);
-      }
-    }
+    ctx.state.sessionActionTimeoutMs = shortcuts.multiCopyTimeoutMs;
   }
 
   async function refreshConfiguredShortcuts(): Promise<void> {
     updateConfiguredShortcuts(await window.electronAPI.getConfiguredShortcuts());
   }
 
+  function updateSessionBindings(bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[]): void {
+    ctx.state.sessionBindings = bindings;
+    ctx.state.sessionBindingMap = new Map(
+      bindings.map((binding) => [keyEventToStringFromBinding(binding), binding]),
+    );
+  }
+
+  function keyEventToStringFromBinding(binding: CompiledSessionBinding): string {
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+    for (const modifier of binding.key.modifiers) {
+      if (modifier === 'ctrl') parts.push('Ctrl');
+      else if (modifier === 'alt') parts.push('Alt');
+      else if (modifier === 'shift') parts.push('Shift');
+      else if (modifier === 'meta') parts.push('Meta');
+    }
+    parts.push(binding.key.code);
+    return parts.join('+');
+  }
+
+  function isTextEntryTarget(target: EventTarget | null): boolean {
+    if (!target || typeof target !== 'object' || !('closest' in target)) return false;
+    const element = target as { closest: (selector: string) => unknown };
+    if (element.closest('[contenteditable="true"]')) return true;
+    return Boolean(element.closest('input, textarea, select'));
+  }
+
+  function showSessionSelectionMessage(message: string): void {
+    window.electronAPI.sendMpvCommand(['show-text', message, '3000']);
+  }
+
+  function cancelPendingNumericSelection(showCancelled: boolean): void {
+    if (!pendingNumericSelection) return;
+    if (pendingNumericSelection.timeout !== null) {
+      clearTimeout(pendingNumericSelection.timeout);
+    }
+    pendingNumericSelection = null;
+    if (showCancelled) {
+      showSessionSelectionMessage('Cancelled');
+    }
+  }
+
+  function startPendingNumericSelection(
+    actionId: 'copySubtitleMultiple' | 'mineSentenceMultiple',
+  ): void {
+    cancelPendingNumericSelection(false);
+    const timeoutMessage = actionId === 'copySubtitleMultiple' ? 'Copy timeout' : 'Mine timeout';
+    const promptMessage =
+      actionId === 'copySubtitleMultiple'
+        ? 'Copy how many lines? Press 1-9 (Esc to cancel)'
+        : 'Mine how many lines? Press 1-9 (Esc to cancel)';
+    pendingNumericSelection = {
+      actionId,
+      timeout: setTimeout(() => {
+        pendingNumericSelection = null;
+        showSessionSelectionMessage(timeoutMessage);
+      }, ctx.state.sessionActionTimeoutMs),
+    };
+    showSessionSelectionMessage(promptMessage);
+  }
+
+  function beginSessionNumericSelection(
+    actionId: 'copySubtitleMultiple' | 'mineSentenceMultiple',
+  ): void {
+    startPendingNumericSelection(actionId);
+  }
+
+  function handlePendingNumericSelection(e: KeyboardEvent): boolean {
+    if (!pendingNumericSelection) return false;
+    if (e.key === 'Escape') {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      cancelPendingNumericSelection(true);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!/^[1-9]$/.test(e.key) || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.altKey) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    e.preventDefault();
+    const count = Number(e.key);
+    const actionId = pendingNumericSelection.actionId;
+    cancelPendingNumericSelection(false);
+    void window.electronAPI.dispatchSessionAction(actionId, { count });
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function dispatchSessionBinding(binding: CompiledSessionBinding): void {
+    if (
+      binding.actionType === 'session-action' &&
+      (binding.actionId === 'copySubtitleMultiple' || binding.actionId === 'mineSentenceMultiple')
+    ) {
+      startPendingNumericSelection(binding.actionId);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (binding.actionType === 'mpv-command') {
+      dispatchConfiguredMpvCommand(binding.command);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    void window.electronAPI.dispatchSessionAction(binding.actionId, binding.payload);
+  }
+
   function dispatchYomitanPopupKeydown(
     key: string,
     code: string,
@@ -512,7 +514,7 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     clientY: number,
     modifiers: ScanModifierState = {},
   ): void {
-    if (typeof PointerEvent !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof PointerEvent === 'function') {
       const pointerEventInit = {
         bubbles: true,
         cancelable: true,
@@ -535,23 +537,25 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
       target.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerup', pointerEventInit));
     }
 
-    const mouseEventInit = {
-      bubbles: true,
-      cancelable: true,
-      composed: true,
-      clientX,
-      clientY,
-      button: 0,
-      buttons: 0,
-      shiftKey: modifiers.shiftKey ?? false,
-      ctrlKey: modifiers.ctrlKey ?? false,
-      altKey: modifiers.altKey ?? false,
-      metaKey: modifiers.metaKey ?? false,
-    } satisfies MouseEventInit;
-    target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousemove', mouseEventInit));
-    target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { ...mouseEventInit, buttons: 1 }));
-    target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mouseup', mouseEventInit));
-    target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', mouseEventInit));
+    if (typeof MouseEvent === 'function') {
+      const mouseEventInit = {
+        bubbles: true,
+        cancelable: true,
+        composed: true,
+        clientX,
+        clientY,
+        button: 0,
+        buttons: 0,
+        shiftKey: modifiers.shiftKey ?? false,
+        ctrlKey: modifiers.ctrlKey ?? false,
+        altKey: modifiers.altKey ?? false,
+        metaKey: modifiers.metaKey ?? false,
+      } satisfies MouseEventInit;
+      target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousemove', mouseEventInit));
+      target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mousedown', { ...mouseEventInit, buttons: 1 }));
+      target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('mouseup', mouseEventInit));
+      target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click', mouseEventInit));
+    }
   }
 
   function emitLookupScanFallback(target: Element, clientX: number, clientY: number): void {
@@ -824,7 +828,7 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     if (modifierOnlyCodes.has(e.code)) return false;
 
     const keyString = keyEventToString(e);
-    if (ctx.state.keybindingsMap.has(keyString)) {
+    if (ctx.state.sessionBindingMap.has(keyString)) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -850,7 +854,7 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     fallbackUnavailable: boolean;
   } {
     const firstChoice = 'KeyH';
-    if (!ctx.state.keybindingsMap.has('KeyH')) {
+    if (!ctx.state.sessionBindingMap.has('KeyH')) {
       return {
         bindingKey: firstChoice,
         fallbackUsed: false,
@@ -858,18 +862,18 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
       };
     }
 
-    if (ctx.state.keybindingsMap.has('KeyK')) {
+    if (!ctx.state.sessionBindingMap.has('KeyK')) {
       return {
         bindingKey: 'KeyK',
         fallbackUsed: true,
-        fallbackUnavailable: true,
+        fallbackUnavailable: false,
       };
     }
 
     return {
       bindingKey: 'KeyK',
       fallbackUsed: true,
-      fallbackUnavailable: false,
+      fallbackUnavailable: true,
     };
   }
 
@@ -894,13 +898,13 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
   }
 
   async function setupMpvInputForwarding(): Promise<void> {
-    const [keybindings, shortcuts, statsToggleKey, markWatchedKey] = await Promise.all([
-      window.electronAPI.getKeybindings(),
+    const [sessionBindings, shortcuts, statsToggleKey, markWatchedKey] = await Promise.all([
+      window.electronAPI.getSessionBindings(),
       window.electronAPI.getConfiguredShortcuts(),
       window.electronAPI.getStatsToggleKey(),
       window.electronAPI.getMarkWatchedKey(),
     ]);
-    updateKeybindings(keybindings);
+    updateSessionBindings(sessionBindings);
     updateConfiguredShortcuts(shortcuts);
     ctx.state.statsToggleKey = statsToggleKey;
     ctx.state.markWatchedKey = markWatchedKey;
@@ -1010,6 +1014,14 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
         return;
       }
 
+      if (isTextEntryTarget(e.target)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (handlePendingNumericSelection(e)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
       if (isStatsOverlayToggle(e)) {
         e.preventDefault();
         window.electronAPI.toggleStatsOverlay();
@@ -1099,19 +1111,10 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
       }
 
       const keyString = keyEventToString(e);
-      const linuxOverlayCommand = ctx.platform.isLinuxPlatform
-        ? linuxOverlayShortcutCommands.get(keyString)
-        : undefined;
-      if (linuxOverlayCommand) {
+      const binding = ctx.state.sessionBindingMap.get(keyString);
+      if (binding) {
         e.preventDefault();
-        dispatchConfiguredMpvCommand(linuxOverlayCommand);
-        return;
-      }
-      const command = ctx.state.keybindingsMap.get(keyString);
-
-      if (command) {
-        e.preventDefault();
-        dispatchConfiguredMpvCommand(command);
+        dispatchSessionBinding(binding);
       }
     });
 
@@ -1129,19 +1132,11 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     });
   }
 
-  function updateKeybindings(keybindings: Keybinding[]): void {
-    ctx.state.keybindingsMap = new Map();
-    for (const binding of keybindings) {
-      if (binding.command) {
-        ctx.state.keybindingsMap.set(binding.key, binding.command);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
   return {
+    beginSessionNumericSelection,
     setupMpvInputForwarding,
     refreshConfiguredShortcuts,
-    updateKeybindings,
+    updateSessionBindings,
     syncKeyboardTokenSelection,
     handleSubtitleContentUpdated,
     handleKeyboardModeToggleRequested,

src/renderer/handlers/mouse.test.ts

@@ -1041,6 +1041,361 @@ test('restorePointerInteractionState re-enables subtitle hover when pointer is a
   }
 });
 
+test('visibility recovery re-enables subtitle hover without needing a fresh pointer move', () => {
+  const ctx = createMouseTestContext();
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const ignoreCalls: Array<{ ignore: boolean; forward?: boolean }> = [];
+  const documentListeners = new Map<string, Array<(event: unknown) => void>>();
+  let visibilityState: 'hidden' | 'visible' = 'visible';
+  ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore = true;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => {
+          ignoreCalls.push({ ignore, forward: options?.forward });
+        },
+      },
+      getComputedStyle: () => ({
+        visibility: 'hidden',
+        display: 'none',
+        opacity: '0',
+      }),
+      focus: () => {},
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      addEventListener: (type: string, listener: (event: unknown) => void) => {
+        const bucket = documentListeners.get(type) ?? [];
+        bucket.push(listener);
+        documentListeners.set(type, bucket);
+      },
+      get visibilityState() {
+        return visibilityState;
+      },
+      elementFromPoint: () => ctx.dom.subtitleContainer,
+      querySelectorAll: () => [],
+      body: {},
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const handlers = createMouseHandlers(ctx as never, {
+      modalStateReader: {
+        isAnySettingsModalOpen: () => false,
+        isAnyModalOpen: () => false,
+      },
+      applyYPercent: () => {},
+      getCurrentYPercent: () => 10,
+      persistSubtitlePositionPatch: () => {},
+      getSubtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getYomitanPopupAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getPlaybackPaused: async () => false,
+      sendMpvCommand: () => {},
+    });
+
+    handlers.setupPointerTracking();
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 120, clientY: 240 });
+    }
+
+    ctx.state.isOverSubtitle = false;
+    ctx.dom.overlay.classList.remove('interactive');
+    ignoreCalls.length = 0;
+    visibilityState = 'hidden';
+    visibilityState = 'visible';
+
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('visibilitychange') ?? []) {
+      listener({});
+    }
+
+    assert.equal(ctx.state.isOverSubtitle, true);
+    assert.equal(ctx.dom.overlay.classList.contains('interactive'), true);
+    assert.deepEqual(ignoreCalls, [{ ignore: false, forward: undefined }]);
+  } finally {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', { configurable: true, value: originalWindow });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', { configurable: true, value: originalDocument });
+  }
+});
+
+test('visibility recovery ignores synthetic subtitle enter until the pointer moves again', async () => {
+  const ctx = createMouseTestContext();
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const ignoreCalls: Array<{ ignore: boolean; forward?: boolean }> = [];
+  const mpvCommands: Array<(string | number)[]> = [];
+  const documentListeners = new Map<string, Array<(event: unknown) => void>>();
+  let hoveredElement: unknown = ctx.dom.subtitleContainer;
+  let visibilityState: 'hidden' | 'visible' = 'visible';
+  let subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled = false;
+  ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore = true;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => {
+          ignoreCalls.push({ ignore, forward: options?.forward });
+        },
+      },
+      getComputedStyle: () => ({
+        visibility: 'hidden',
+        display: 'none',
+        opacity: '0',
+      }),
+      focus: () => {},
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      addEventListener: (type: string, listener: (event: unknown) => void) => {
+        const bucket = documentListeners.get(type) ?? [];
+        bucket.push(listener);
+        documentListeners.set(type, bucket);
+      },
+      get visibilityState() {
+        return visibilityState;
+      },
+      elementFromPoint: () => hoveredElement,
+      querySelectorAll: () => [],
+      body: {},
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const handlers = createMouseHandlers(ctx as never, {
+      modalStateReader: {
+        isAnySettingsModalOpen: () => false,
+        isAnyModalOpen: () => false,
+      },
+      applyYPercent: () => {},
+      getCurrentYPercent: () => 10,
+      persistSubtitlePositionPatch: () => {},
+      getSubtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled: () => subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled,
+      getYomitanPopupAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getPlaybackPaused: async () => false,
+      sendMpvCommand: (command) => {
+        mpvCommands.push(command);
+      },
+    });
+
+    handlers.setupPointerTracking();
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 120, clientY: 240 });
+    }
+    await waitForNextTick();
+
+    ignoreCalls.length = 0;
+    visibilityState = 'hidden';
+    visibilityState = 'visible';
+    subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled = true;
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('visibilitychange') ?? []) {
+      listener({});
+    }
+
+    await handlers.handlePrimaryMouseEnter();
+    assert.deepEqual(mpvCommands, []);
+
+    hoveredElement = null;
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 32, clientY: 48 });
+    }
+
+    hoveredElement = ctx.dom.subtitleContainer;
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 120, clientY: 240 });
+    }
+    await waitForNextTick();
+
+    assert.deepEqual(mpvCommands, [['set_property', 'pause', 'yes']]);
+  } finally {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', { configurable: true, value: originalWindow });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', { configurable: true, value: originalDocument });
+  }
+});
+
+test('window resize ignores synthetic subtitle enter until the pointer moves again', async () => {
+  const ctx = createMouseTestContext();
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const mpvCommands: Array<(string | number)[]> = [];
+  const windowListeners = new Map<string, Array<() => void>>();
+  const documentListeners = new Map<string, Array<(event: unknown) => void>>();
+  let hoveredElement: unknown = ctx.dom.subtitleContainer;
+  let subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled = false;
+  ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore = true;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        setIgnoreMouseEvents: () => {},
+      },
+      addEventListener: (type: string, listener: () => void) => {
+        const bucket = windowListeners.get(type) ?? [];
+        bucket.push(listener);
+        windowListeners.set(type, bucket);
+      },
+      getComputedStyle: () => ({
+        visibility: 'hidden',
+        display: 'none',
+        opacity: '0',
+      }),
+      focus: () => {},
+      innerHeight: 1000,
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      addEventListener: (type: string, listener: (event: unknown) => void) => {
+        const bucket = documentListeners.get(type) ?? [];
+        bucket.push(listener);
+        documentListeners.set(type, bucket);
+      },
+      elementFromPoint: () => hoveredElement,
+      querySelectorAll: () => [],
+      body: {},
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const handlers = createMouseHandlers(ctx as never, {
+      modalStateReader: {
+        isAnySettingsModalOpen: () => false,
+        isAnyModalOpen: () => false,
+      },
+      applyYPercent: () => {},
+      getCurrentYPercent: () => 10,
+      persistSubtitlePositionPatch: () => {},
+      getSubtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled: () => subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled,
+      getYomitanPopupAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getPlaybackPaused: async () => false,
+      sendMpvCommand: (command) => {
+        mpvCommands.push(command);
+      },
+    });
+
+    handlers.setupPointerTracking();
+    handlers.setupResizeHandler();
+
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 120, clientY: 240 });
+    }
+    await waitForNextTick();
+
+    subtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled = true;
+    for (const listener of windowListeners.get('resize') ?? []) {
+      listener();
+    }
+
+    await handlers.handlePrimaryMouseEnter();
+    assert.deepEqual(mpvCommands, []);
+
+    hoveredElement = null;
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 32, clientY: 48 });
+    }
+
+    hoveredElement = ctx.dom.subtitleContainer;
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 120, clientY: 240 });
+    }
+    await waitForNextTick();
+
+    assert.deepEqual(mpvCommands, [['set_property', 'pause', 'yes']]);
+  } finally {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', { configurable: true, value: originalWindow });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', { configurable: true, value: originalDocument });
+  }
+});
+
+test('visibility recovery keeps overlay click-through when pointer is not over subtitles', () => {
+  const ctx = createMouseTestContext();
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const ignoreCalls: Array<{ ignore: boolean; forward?: boolean }> = [];
+  const documentListeners = new Map<string, Array<(event: unknown) => void>>();
+  let hoveredElement: unknown = null;
+  let visibilityState: 'hidden' | 'visible' = 'visible';
+  ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore = true;
+
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => {
+          ignoreCalls.push({ ignore, forward: options?.forward });
+        },
+      },
+      getComputedStyle: () => ({
+        visibility: 'hidden',
+        display: 'none',
+        opacity: '0',
+      }),
+      focus: () => {},
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: {
+      addEventListener: (type: string, listener: (event: unknown) => void) => {
+        const bucket = documentListeners.get(type) ?? [];
+        bucket.push(listener);
+        documentListeners.set(type, bucket);
+      },
+      get visibilityState() {
+        return visibilityState;
+      },
+      elementFromPoint: () => hoveredElement,
+      querySelectorAll: () => [],
+      body: {},
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    const handlers = createMouseHandlers(ctx as never, {
+      modalStateReader: {
+        isAnySettingsModalOpen: () => false,
+        isAnyModalOpen: () => false,
+      },
+      applyYPercent: () => {},
+      getCurrentYPercent: () => 10,
+      persistSubtitlePositionPatch: () => {},
+      getSubtitleHoverAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getYomitanPopupAutoPauseEnabled: () => false,
+      getPlaybackPaused: async () => false,
+      sendMpvCommand: () => {},
+    });
+
+    handlers.setupPointerTracking();
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('mousemove') ?? []) {
+      listener({ clientX: 320, clientY: 180 });
+    }
+
+    ctx.dom.overlay.classList.add('interactive');
+    ignoreCalls.length = 0;
+    visibilityState = 'hidden';
+    visibilityState = 'visible';
+
+    for (const listener of documentListeners.get('visibilitychange') ?? []) {
+      listener({});
+    }
+
+    assert.equal(ctx.state.isOverSubtitle, false);
+    assert.equal(ctx.dom.overlay.classList.contains('interactive'), false);
+    assert.deepEqual(ignoreCalls, [{ ignore: true, forward: true }]);
+  } finally {
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', { configurable: true, value: originalWindow });
+    Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'document', { configurable: true, value: originalDocument });
+  }
+});
+
 test('pointer tracking enables overlay interaction as soon as the cursor reaches subtitles', () => {
   const ctx = createMouseTestContext();
   const originalWindow = globalThis.window;

src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ import {
   isYomitanPopupIframe,
 } from '../yomitan-popup.js';
 
+const VISIBILITY_RECOVERY_HOVER_SUPPRESSION_SOURCE = 'visibility-recovery';
+const WINDOW_RESIZE_HOVER_SUPPRESSION_SOURCE = 'window-resize';
+
 export function createMouseHandlers(
   ctx: RendererContext,
   options: {
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
   let pausedByYomitanPopup = false;
   let lastPointerPosition: { clientX: number; clientY: number } | null = null;
   let pendingPointerResync = false;
+  let suppressDirectHoverEnterSource: string | null = null;
 
   function getPopupVisibilityFromDom(): boolean {
     return typeof document !== 'undefined' && isYomitanPopupVisible(document);
@@ -142,6 +146,7 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
       return;
     }
 
+    suppressDirectHoverEnterSource = null;
     const wasOverSubtitle = ctx.state.isOverSubtitle;
     const wasOverSecondarySubtitle = ctx.dom.secondarySubContainer.classList.contains(
       'secondary-sub-hover-active',
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     const hoverState = syncHoverStateFromPoint(event.clientX, event.clientY);
 
     if (!wasOverSubtitle && hoverState.isOverSubtitle) {
-      void handleMouseEnter(undefined, hoverState.overSecondarySubtitle);
+      void handleMouseEnter(undefined, hoverState.overSecondarySubtitle, 'tracked-pointer');
       return;
     }
 
@@ -166,9 +171,13 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     }
   }
 
-  function restorePointerInteractionState(): void {
+  function resyncPointerInteractionState(options: {
+    allowInteractiveFallback: boolean;
+    suppressDirectHoverEnterSource?: string | null;
+  }): void {
     const pointerPosition = lastPointerPosition;
     pendingPointerResync = false;
+    suppressDirectHoverEnterSource = options.suppressDirectHoverEnterSource ?? null;
     if (pointerPosition) {
       syncHoverStateFromPoint(pointerPosition.clientX, pointerPosition.clientY);
     } else {
@@ -177,7 +186,11 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     }
     syncOverlayMouseIgnoreState(ctx);
 
-    if (!ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore || ctx.state.isOverSubtitle) {
+    if (
+      !options.allowInteractiveFallback ||
+      !ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore ||
+      ctx.state.isOverSubtitle
+    ) {
       return;
     }
 
@@ -186,6 +199,10 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
   }
 
+  function restorePointerInteractionState(): void {
+    resyncPointerInteractionState({ allowInteractiveFallback: true });
+  }
+
   function maybeResyncPointerHoverState(event: MouseEvent | PointerEvent): void {
     if (!pendingPointerResync) {
       return;
@@ -280,7 +297,15 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     syncOverlayMouseIgnoreState(ctx);
   }
 
-  async function handleMouseEnter(_event?: MouseEvent, showSecondaryHover = false): Promise<void> {
+  async function handleMouseEnter(
+    _event?: MouseEvent,
+    showSecondaryHover = false,
+    source: 'direct' | 'tracked-pointer' = 'direct',
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    if (source === 'direct' && suppressDirectHoverEnterSource !== null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     ctx.state.isOverSubtitle = true;
     if (showSecondaryHover) {
       ctx.dom.secondarySubContainer.classList.add('secondary-sub-hover-active');
@@ -378,6 +403,10 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
   function setupResizeHandler(): void {
     window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
       options.applyYPercent(options.getCurrentYPercent());
+      resyncPointerInteractionState({
+        allowInteractiveFallback: false,
+        suppressDirectHoverEnterSource: WINDOW_RESIZE_HOVER_SUPPRESSION_SOURCE,
+      });
     });
   }
 
@@ -392,6 +421,15 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
       syncHoverStateFromTrackedPointer(event);
       maybeResyncPointerHoverState(event);
     });
+    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', () => {
+      if (document.visibilityState !== 'visible') {
+        return;
+      }
+      resyncPointerInteractionState({
+        allowInteractiveFallback: false,
+        suppressDirectHoverEnterSource: VISIBILITY_RECOVERY_HOVER_SUPPRESSION_SOURCE,
+      });
+    });
   }
 
   function setupSelectionObserver(): void {
@@ -432,7 +470,7 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
 
     window.addEventListener('blur', () => {
       queueMicrotask(() => {
-        if (typeof document === 'undefined' || document.visibilityState !== 'visible') {
+        if (typeof document === 'undefined' || document.visibilityState !== 'visible') {
           return;
         }
         reconcilePopupInteraction({ reclaimFocus: true });

src/renderer/overlay-mouse-ignore.test.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,53 @@ function createClassList() {
   };
 }
 
+test('idle visible overlay starts click-through on platforms that toggle mouse ignore', () => {
+  const classList = createClassList();
+  const ignoreCalls: Array<{ ignore: boolean; forward?: boolean }> = [];
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+
+  Object.assign(globalThis, {
+    window: {
+      electronAPI: {
+        setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => {
+          ignoreCalls.push({ ignore, forward: options?.forward });
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  try {
+    syncOverlayMouseIgnoreState({
+      dom: {
+        overlay: { classList },
+      },
+      platform: {
+        shouldToggleMouseIgnore: true,
+      },
+      state: {
+        isOverSubtitle: false,
+        isOverSubtitleSidebar: false,
+        yomitanPopupVisible: false,
+        controllerSelectModalOpen: false,
+        controllerDebugModalOpen: false,
+        jimakuModalOpen: false,
+        youtubePickerModalOpen: false,
+        kikuModalOpen: false,
+        runtimeOptionsModalOpen: false,
+        subsyncModalOpen: false,
+        sessionHelpModalOpen: false,
+        subtitleSidebarModalOpen: false,
+        subtitleSidebarConfig: null,
+      },
+    } as never);
+
+    assert.equal(classList.contains('interactive'), false);
+    assert.deepEqual(ignoreCalls, [{ ignore: true, forward: true }]);
+  } finally {
+    Object.assign(globalThis, { window: originalWindow });
+  }
+});
+
 test('youtube picker keeps overlay interactive even when subtitle hover is inactive', () => {
   const classList = createClassList();
   const ignoreCalls: Array<{ ignore: boolean; forward?: boolean }> = [];

src/renderer/renderer.ts

@@ -529,6 +529,12 @@ async function init(): Promise<void> {
   if (ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform) {
     document.body.classList.add('platform-macos');
   }
+  if (ctx.platform.isWindowsPlatform) {
+    document.body.classList.add('platform-windows');
+  }
+  if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
+    syncOverlayMouseIgnoreState(ctx);
+  }
 
   window.electronAPI.onSubtitle((data: SubtitleData) => {
     runGuarded('subtitle:update', () => {
@@ -622,7 +628,7 @@ async function init(): Promise<void> {
   });
   window.electronAPI.onConfigHotReload((payload: ConfigHotReloadPayload) => {
     runGuarded('config:hot-reload', () => {
-      keyboardHandlers.updateKeybindings(payload.keybindings);
+      keyboardHandlers.updateSessionBindings(payload.sessionBindings);
       void keyboardHandlers.refreshConfiguredShortcuts();
       subtitleRenderer.applySubtitleStyle(payload.subtitleStyle);
       subtitleRenderer.updateSecondarySubMode(payload.secondarySubMode);
@@ -656,10 +662,6 @@ async function init(): Promise<void> {
   );
   measurementReporter.schedule();
 
-  if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-    syncOverlayMouseIgnoreState(ctx);
-  }
-
   measurementReporter.emitNow();
 }
 

src/renderer/state.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type {
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
   PlaylistBrowserSnapshot,
   ControllerButtonSnapshot,
   ControllerDeviceInfo,
@@ -116,7 +117,9 @@ export type RendererState = {
   frequencyDictionaryBand4Color: string;
   frequencyDictionaryBand5Color: string;
 
-  keybindingsMap: Map<string, (string | number)[]>;
+  sessionBindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
+  sessionBindingMap: Map<string, CompiledSessionBinding>;
+  sessionActionTimeoutMs: number;
   statsToggleKey: string;
   markWatchedKey: string;
   chordPending: boolean;
@@ -219,7 +222,9 @@ export function createRendererState(): RendererState {
     frequencyDictionaryBand4Color: '#8bd5ca',
     frequencyDictionaryBand5Color: '#8aadf4',
 
-    keybindingsMap: new Map(),
+    sessionBindings: [],
+    sessionBindingMap: new Map(),
+    sessionActionTimeoutMs: 3000,
     statsToggleKey: 'Backquote',
     markWatchedKey: 'KeyW',
     chordPending: false,

src/renderer/style.css

@@ -1131,6 +1131,11 @@ body.subtitle-sidebar-embedded-open #secondarySubContainer.secondary-sub-hover {
   justify-content: center;
 }
 
+body.platform-windows #secondarySubContainer.secondary-sub-hover {
+  top: 40px;
+  padding-top: 0;
+}
+
 #secondarySubContainer.secondary-sub-hover #secondarySubRoot {
   background: transparent;
   backdrop-filter: none;

src/renderer/subtitle-render.test.ts

@@ -989,6 +989,13 @@ test('JLPT CSS rules use underline-only styling in renderer stylesheet', () => {
     /transform:\s*translateX\(calc\(var\(--subtitle-sidebar-reserved-width\)\s*\*\s*-0\.5\)\);/,
   );
 
+  const secondaryHoverWindowsBlock = extractClassBlock(
+    cssText,
+    'body.platform-windows #secondarySubContainer.secondary-sub-hover',
+  );
+  assert.match(secondaryHoverWindowsBlock, /top:\s*40px;/);
+  assert.match(secondaryHoverWindowsBlock, /padding-top:\s*0;/);
+
   const subtitleSidebarListBlock = extractClassBlock(cssText, '.subtitle-sidebar-list');
   assert.doesNotMatch(subtitleSidebarListBlock, /scroll-behavior:\s*smooth;/);
 

src/renderer/utils/platform.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export type PlatformInfo = {
   isModalLayer: boolean;
   isLinuxPlatform: boolean;
   isMacOSPlatform: boolean;
+  isWindowsPlatform: boolean;
   shouldToggleMouseIgnore: boolean;
 };
 
@@ -24,12 +25,15 @@ export function resolvePlatformInfo(): PlatformInfo {
   const isLinuxPlatform = navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes('linux');
   const isMacOSPlatform =
     navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes('mac') || /mac/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
+  const isWindowsPlatform =
+    navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes('win') || /windows/i.test(navigator.userAgent);
 
   return {
     overlayLayer,
     isModalLayer,
     isLinuxPlatform,
     isMacOSPlatform,
+    isWindowsPlatform,
     shouldToggleMouseIgnore: !isLinuxPlatform && !isModalLayer,
   };
 }

src/renderer/yomitan-popup.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import { YOMITAN_LOOKUP_EVENT, registerYomitanLookupListener } from './yomitan-popup.js';
+import {
+  YOMITAN_LOOKUP_EVENT,
+  YOMITAN_POPUP_VISIBLE_HOST_SELECTOR,
+  isYomitanPopupVisible,
+  registerYomitanLookupListener,
+} from './yomitan-popup.js';
 
 test('registerYomitanLookupListener forwards the SubMiner Yomitan lookup event', () => {
   const target = new EventTarget();
@@ -16,3 +21,12 @@ test('registerYomitanLookupListener forwards the SubMiner Yomitan lookup event',
 
   assert.deepEqual(calls, ['lookup']);
 });
+
+test('isYomitanPopupVisible falls back to querySelector when querySelectorAll is unavailable', () => {
+  const root = {
+    querySelector: (selector: string) =>
+      selector === YOMITAN_POPUP_VISIBLE_HOST_SELECTOR ? ({} as Element) : null,
+  } as ParentNode;
+
+  assert.equal(isYomitanPopupVisible(root), true);
+});

src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ export function isYomitanPopupIframe(element: Element | null): boolean {
   return hasModernPopupClass || hasLegacyPopupId;
 }
 
-export function hasYomitanPopupIframe(root: ParentNode = document): boolean {
+export function hasYomitanPopupIframe(root: ParentNode | null | undefined = document): boolean {
   return (
-    typeof root.querySelector === 'function' &&
+    typeof root?.querySelector === 'function' &&
     (root.querySelector(YOMITAN_POPUP_IFRAME_SELECTOR) !== null ||
       root.querySelector(YOMITAN_POPUP_HOST_SELECTOR) !== null)
   );
@@ -58,14 +58,21 @@ function isMarkedVisiblePopupHost(element: Element): boolean {
   return element.getAttribute(YOMITAN_POPUP_VISIBLE_ATTRIBUTE) === 'true';
 }
 
-function queryPopupElements<T extends Element>(root: ParentNode, selector: string): T[] {
-  if (typeof root.querySelectorAll !== 'function') {
-    return [];
+function queryPopupElements<T extends Element>(
+  root: ParentNode | null | undefined,
+  selector: string,
+): T[] {
+  if (typeof root?.querySelectorAll === 'function') {
+    return Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<T>(selector));
   }
-  return Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<T>(selector));
+  if (typeof root?.querySelector === 'function') {
+    const first = root.querySelector(selector) as T | null;
+    return first ? [first] : [];
+  }
+  return [];
 }
 
-export function isYomitanPopupVisible(root: ParentNode = document): boolean {
+export function isYomitanPopupVisible(root: ParentNode | null | undefined = document): boolean {
   const visiblePopupHosts = queryPopupElements<HTMLElement>(root, YOMITAN_POPUP_VISIBLE_HOST_SELECTOR);
   if (visiblePopupHosts.length > 0) {
     return true;

src/shared/ipc/contracts.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export const IPC_CHANNELS = {
     overlayModalOpened: 'overlay:modal-opened',
     toggleStatsOverlay: 'stats:toggle-overlay',
     markActiveVideoWatched: 'immersion:mark-active-video-watched',
+    dispatchSessionAction: 'session-action:dispatch',
   },
   request: {
     getVisibleOverlayVisibility: 'get-visible-overlay-visibility',
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export const IPC_CHANNELS = {
     getSubtitleStyle: 'get-subtitle-style',
     getMecabStatus: 'get-mecab-status',
     getKeybindings: 'get-keybindings',
+    getSessionBindings: 'get-session-bindings',
     getConfigShortcuts: 'get-config-shortcuts',
     getStatsToggleKey: 'get-stats-toggle-key',
     getMarkWatchedKey: 'get-mark-watched-key',

src/types.ts

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ export * from './types/config';
 export * from './types/integrations';
 export * from './types/runtime';
 export * from './types/runtime-options';
+export * from './types/session-bindings';
 export * from './types/subtitle';

src/types/runtime.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ import type {
   KikuMergePreviewResponse,
 } from './anki';
 import type { ResolvedConfig, ShortcutsConfig } from './config';
+import type {
+  CompiledSessionBinding,
+  SessionActionId,
+  SessionActionPayload,
+} from './session-bindings';
 import type {
   JimakuApiResponse,
   JimakuDownloadQuery,
@@ -321,11 +326,17 @@ export interface ClipboardAppendResult {
 
 export interface ConfigHotReloadPayload {
   keybindings: Keybinding[];
+  sessionBindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
   subtitleStyle: SubtitleStyleConfig | null;
   subtitleSidebar: Required<SubtitleSidebarConfig>;
   secondarySubMode: SecondarySubMode;
 }
 
+export interface SessionActionDispatchRequest {
+  actionId: SessionActionId;
+  payload?: SessionActionPayload;
+}
+
 export type ResolvedControllerConfig = ResolvedConfig['controller'];
 
 export interface ElectronAPI {
@@ -349,7 +360,9 @@ export interface ElectronAPI {
   setMecabEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => void;
   sendMpvCommand: (command: (string | number)[]) => void;
   getKeybindings: () => Promise<Keybinding[]>;
+  getSessionBindings: () => Promise<CompiledSessionBinding[]>;
   getConfiguredShortcuts: () => Promise<Required<ShortcutsConfig>>;
+  dispatchSessionAction: (actionId: SessionActionId, payload?: SessionActionPayload) => Promise<void>;
   getStatsToggleKey: () => Promise<string>;
   getMarkWatchedKey: () => Promise<string>;
   markActiveVideoWatched: () => Promise<boolean>;

src/types/session-bindings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+export type SessionKeyModifier = 'ctrl' | 'alt' | 'shift' | 'meta';
+
+export type SessionActionId =
+  | 'toggleStatsOverlay'
+  | 'toggleVisibleOverlay'
+  | 'copySubtitle'
+  | 'copySubtitleMultiple'
+  | 'updateLastCardFromClipboard'
+  | 'triggerFieldGrouping'
+  | 'triggerSubsync'
+  | 'mineSentence'
+  | 'mineSentenceMultiple'
+  | 'toggleSecondarySub'
+  | 'markAudioCard'
+  | 'openRuntimeOptions'
+  | 'openJimaku'
+  | 'openYoutubePicker'
+  | 'openPlaylistBrowser'
+  | 'replayCurrentSubtitle'
+  | 'playNextSubtitle'
+  | 'shiftSubDelayPrevLine'
+  | 'shiftSubDelayNextLine'
+  | 'cycleRuntimeOption';
+
+export interface SessionKeySpec {
+  code: string;
+  modifiers: SessionKeyModifier[];
+}
+
+export interface SessionBindingWarning {
+  kind: 'unsupported' | 'conflict' | 'deprecated-config';
+  path: string;
+  message: string;
+  value: unknown;
+  conflictingPaths?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface SessionActionPayload {
+  count?: number;
+  runtimeOptionId?: string;
+  direction?: 1 | -1;
+}
+
+type CompiledSessionBindingBase = {
+  sourcePath: string;
+  originalKey: string;
+  key: SessionKeySpec;
+};
+
+export interface CompiledMpvCommandBinding extends CompiledSessionBindingBase {
+  actionType: 'mpv-command';
+  command: (string | number)[];
+}
+
+export interface CompiledSessionActionBinding extends CompiledSessionBindingBase {
+  actionType: 'session-action';
+  actionId: SessionActionId;
+  payload?: SessionActionPayload;
+}
+
+export type CompiledSessionBinding =
+  | CompiledMpvCommandBinding
+  | CompiledSessionActionBinding;
+
+export interface PluginSessionBindingsArtifact {
+  version: 1;
+  generatedAt: string;
+  numericSelectionTimeoutMs: number;
+  bindings: CompiledSessionBinding[];
+  warnings: SessionBindingWarning[];
+}

src/window-trackers/base-tracker.ts

@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ export abstract class BaseWindowTracker {
     return this.targetWindowFocused;
   }
 
+  isTargetWindowMinimized(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   protected updateTargetWindowFocused(focused: boolean): void {
     if (this.targetWindowFocused === focused) {
       return;

src/window-trackers/win32.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+import koffi from 'koffi';
+
+const user32 = koffi.load('user32.dll');
+const dwmapi = koffi.load('dwmapi.dll');
+const kernel32 = koffi.load('kernel32.dll');
+
+const RECT = koffi.struct('RECT', {
+  Left: 'int',
+  Top: 'int',
+  Right: 'int',
+  Bottom: 'int',
+});
+
+const MARGINS = koffi.struct('MARGINS', {
+  cxLeftWidth: 'int',
+  cxRightWidth: 'int',
+  cyTopHeight: 'int',
+  cyBottomHeight: 'int',
+});
+
+const WNDENUMPROC = koffi.proto('bool __stdcall WNDENUMPROC(intptr hwnd, intptr lParam)');
+
+const EnumWindows = user32.func('bool __stdcall EnumWindows(WNDENUMPROC *cb, intptr lParam)');
+const IsWindowVisible = user32.func('bool __stdcall IsWindowVisible(intptr hwnd)');
+const IsIconic = user32.func('bool __stdcall IsIconic(intptr hwnd)');
+const GetForegroundWindow = user32.func('intptr __stdcall GetForegroundWindow()');
+const SetWindowPos = user32.func(
+  'bool __stdcall SetWindowPos(intptr hwnd, intptr hWndInsertAfter, int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, uint uFlags)',
+);
+const GetWindowThreadProcessId = user32.func(
+  'uint __stdcall GetWindowThreadProcessId(intptr hwnd, _Out_ uint *lpdwProcessId)',
+);
+const GetWindowLongW = user32.func('int __stdcall GetWindowLongW(intptr hwnd, int nIndex)');
+const SetWindowLongPtrW = user32.func(
+  'intptr __stdcall SetWindowLongPtrW(intptr hwnd, int nIndex, intptr dwNewLong)',
+);
+const GetWindowFn = user32.func('intptr __stdcall GetWindow(intptr hwnd, uint uCmd)');
+const GetWindowRect = user32.func('bool __stdcall GetWindowRect(intptr hwnd, _Out_ RECT *lpRect)');
+
+const DwmGetWindowAttribute = dwmapi.func(
+  'int __stdcall DwmGetWindowAttribute(intptr hwnd, uint dwAttribute, _Out_ RECT *pvAttribute, uint cbAttribute)',
+);
+const DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea = dwmapi.func(
+  'int __stdcall DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(intptr hwnd, MARGINS *pMarInset)',
+);
+
+const OpenProcess = kernel32.func(
+  'intptr __stdcall OpenProcess(uint dwDesiredAccess, bool bInheritHandle, uint dwProcessId)',
+);
+const CloseHandle = kernel32.func('bool __stdcall CloseHandle(intptr hObject)');
+const GetLastError = kernel32.func('uint __stdcall GetLastError()');
+const SetLastError = kernel32.func('void __stdcall SetLastError(uint dwErrCode)');
+const QueryFullProcessImageNameW = kernel32.func(
+  'bool __stdcall QueryFullProcessImageNameW(intptr hProcess, uint dwFlags, _Out_ uint16 *lpExeName, _Inout_ uint *lpdwSize)',
+);
+
+const GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;
+const WS_EX_TOPMOST = 0x00000008;
+const GWLP_HWNDPARENT = -8;
+const GW_HWNDPREV = 3;
+const DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 9;
+const PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x1000;
+const SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001;
+const SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002;
+const SWP_NOACTIVATE = 0x0010;
+const SWP_NOOWNERZORDER = 0x0200;
+const SWP_FLAGS = SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOACTIVATE | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER;
+const HWND_TOP = 0;
+const HWND_BOTTOM = 1;
+const HWND_TOPMOST = -1;
+const HWND_NOTOPMOST = -2;
+
+function extendOverlayFrameIntoClientArea(overlayHwnd: number): void {
+  const hr = DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(overlayHwnd, {
+    cxLeftWidth: -1,
+    cxRightWidth: -1,
+    cyTopHeight: -1,
+    cyBottomHeight: -1,
+  });
+  if (hr !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(`DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea failed (${hr})`);
+  }
+}
+
+function resetLastError(): void {
+  SetLastError(0);
+}
+
+function assertSetWindowLongPtrSucceeded(operation: string, result: number): void {
+  if (result !== 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (GetLastError() === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`${operation} failed (${GetLastError()})`);
+}
+
+function assertSetWindowPosSucceeded(operation: string, result: boolean): void {
+  if (result) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`${operation} failed (${GetLastError()})`);
+}
+
+function assertGetWindowLongSucceeded(operation: string, result: number): number {
+  if (result !== 0 || GetLastError() === 0) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`${operation} failed (${GetLastError()})`);
+}
+
+export interface WindowBounds {
+  x: number;
+  y: number;
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+}
+
+export interface MpvWindowMatch {
+  hwnd: number;
+  bounds: WindowBounds;
+  area: number;
+  isForeground: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface MpvPollResult {
+  matches: MpvWindowMatch[];
+  focusState: boolean;
+  windowState: 'visible' | 'minimized' | 'not-found';
+}
+
+function getWindowBounds(hwnd: number): WindowBounds | null {
+  const rect = { Left: 0, Top: 0, Right: 0, Bottom: 0 };
+  const hr = DwmGetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, rect, koffi.sizeof(RECT));
+  if (hr !== 0) {
+    if (!GetWindowRect(hwnd, rect)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const width = rect.Right - rect.Left;
+  const height = rect.Bottom - rect.Top;
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) return null;
+
+  return { x: rect.Left, y: rect.Top, width, height };
+}
+
+function getProcessNameByPid(pid: number): string | null {
+  const hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, false, pid);
+  if (!hProcess) return null;
+
+  try {
+    const buffer = new Uint16Array(260);
+    const size = new Uint32Array([260]);
+
+    if (!QueryFullProcessImageNameW(hProcess, 0, buffer, size)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const fullPath = String.fromCharCode(...buffer.slice(0, size[0]));
+    const fileName = fullPath.split('\\').pop() || '';
+    return fileName.replace(/\.exe$/i, '');
+  } finally {
+    CloseHandle(hProcess);
+  }
+}
+
+export function findMpvWindows(): MpvPollResult {
+  const foregroundHwnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+  const matches: MpvWindowMatch[] = [];
+  let hasMinimized = false;
+  let hasFocused = false;
+  const processNameCache = new Map<number, string | null>();
+
+  const cb = koffi.register((hwnd: number, _lParam: number) => {
+    if (!IsWindowVisible(hwnd)) return true;
+
+    const pid = new Uint32Array(1);
+    GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, pid);
+    const pidValue = pid[0]!;
+    if (pidValue === 0) return true;
+
+    let processName = processNameCache.get(pidValue);
+    if (processName === undefined) {
+      processName = getProcessNameByPid(pidValue);
+      processNameCache.set(pidValue, processName);
+    }
+
+    if (!processName || processName.toLowerCase() !== 'mpv') return true;
+
+    if (IsIconic(hwnd)) {
+      hasMinimized = true;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const bounds = getWindowBounds(hwnd);
+    if (!bounds) return true;
+
+    const isForeground = foregroundHwnd !== 0 && hwnd === foregroundHwnd;
+    if (isForeground) hasFocused = true;
+
+    matches.push({
+      hwnd,
+      bounds,
+      area: bounds.width * bounds.height,
+      isForeground,
+    });
+
+    return true;
+  }, koffi.pointer(WNDENUMPROC));
+
+  try {
+    EnumWindows(cb, 0);
+  } finally {
+    koffi.unregister(cb);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    matches,
+    focusState: hasFocused,
+    windowState: matches.length > 0 ? 'visible' : hasMinimized ? 'minimized' : 'not-found',
+  };
+}
+
+export function getForegroundProcessName(): string | null {
+  const foregroundHwnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+  if (!foregroundHwnd) return null;
+
+  const pid = new Uint32Array(1);
+  GetWindowThreadProcessId(foregroundHwnd, pid);
+  const pidValue = pid[0]!;
+  if (pidValue === 0) return null;
+
+  return getProcessNameByPid(pidValue);
+}
+
+export function setOverlayOwner(overlayHwnd: number, mpvHwnd: number): void {
+  resetLastError();
+  const result = SetWindowLongPtrW(overlayHwnd, GWLP_HWNDPARENT, mpvHwnd);
+  assertSetWindowLongPtrSucceeded('setOverlayOwner', result);
+  extendOverlayFrameIntoClientArea(overlayHwnd);
+}
+
+export function ensureOverlayTransparency(overlayHwnd: number): void {
+  extendOverlayFrameIntoClientArea(overlayHwnd);
+}
+
+export function clearOverlayOwner(overlayHwnd: number): void {
+  resetLastError();
+  const result = SetWindowLongPtrW(overlayHwnd, GWLP_HWNDPARENT, 0);
+  assertSetWindowLongPtrSucceeded('clearOverlayOwner', result);
+}
+
+export function bindOverlayAboveMpv(overlayHwnd: number, mpvHwnd: number): void {
+  resetLastError();
+  const ownerResult = SetWindowLongPtrW(overlayHwnd, GWLP_HWNDPARENT, mpvHwnd);
+  assertSetWindowLongPtrSucceeded('bindOverlayAboveMpv owner assignment', ownerResult);
+
+  resetLastError();
+  const mpvExStyle = assertGetWindowLongSucceeded(
+    'bindOverlayAboveMpv target window style',
+    GetWindowLongW(mpvHwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE),
+  );
+  const mpvIsTopmost = (mpvExStyle & WS_EX_TOPMOST) !== 0;
+
+  resetLastError();
+  const overlayExStyle = assertGetWindowLongSucceeded(
+    'bindOverlayAboveMpv overlay window style',
+    GetWindowLongW(overlayHwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE),
+  );
+  const overlayIsTopmost = (overlayExStyle & WS_EX_TOPMOST) !== 0;
+
+  if (mpvIsTopmost && !overlayIsTopmost) {
+    resetLastError();
+    const topmostResult = SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_FLAGS);
+    assertSetWindowPosSucceeded('bindOverlayAboveMpv topmost adjustment', topmostResult);
+  } else if (!mpvIsTopmost && overlayIsTopmost) {
+    resetLastError();
+    const notTopmostResult = SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_FLAGS);
+    assertSetWindowPosSucceeded('bindOverlayAboveMpv notopmost adjustment', notTopmostResult);
+  }
+
+  const windowAboveMpv = GetWindowFn(mpvHwnd, GW_HWNDPREV);
+  if (windowAboveMpv !== 0 && windowAboveMpv === overlayHwnd) return;
+
+  let insertAfter = HWND_TOP;
+  if (windowAboveMpv !== 0) {
+    const aboveExStyle = GetWindowLongW(windowAboveMpv, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+    const aboveIsTopmost = (aboveExStyle & WS_EX_TOPMOST) !== 0;
+    if (aboveIsTopmost === mpvIsTopmost) {
+      insertAfter = windowAboveMpv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  resetLastError();
+  const positionResult = SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, insertAfter, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_FLAGS);
+  assertSetWindowPosSucceeded('bindOverlayAboveMpv z-order adjustment', positionResult);
+}
+
+export function lowerOverlay(overlayHwnd: number): void {
+  resetLastError();
+  const notTopmostResult = SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_FLAGS);
+  assertSetWindowPosSucceeded('lowerOverlay notopmost adjustment', notTopmostResult);
+
+  resetLastError();
+  const bottomResult = SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, HWND_BOTTOM, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_FLAGS);
+  assertSetWindowPosSucceeded('lowerOverlay bottom adjustment', bottomResult);
+}

src/window-trackers/windows-helper.test.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
+  lowerWindowsOverlayInZOrder,
+  parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess,
   parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState,
   parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput,
+  parseWindowTrackerHelperState,
+  queryWindowsForegroundProcessName,
+  queryWindowsTargetWindowHandle,
+  queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows,
   resolveWindowsTrackerHelper,
+  syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder,
 } from './windows-helper';
 
 test('parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput parses helper geometry output', () => {
@@ -28,6 +35,175 @@ test('parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState parses helper stderr metadata', () => {
   assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState(''), null);
 });
 
+test('parseWindowTrackerHelperState parses helper stderr metadata', () => {
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperState('state=visible'), 'visible');
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperState('focus=not-focused\nstate=minimized'), 'minimized');
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperState('state=unknown'), null);
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperState(''), null);
+});
+
+test('parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess parses helper stdout metadata', () => {
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess('process=mpv'), 'mpv');
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess('process=chrome'), 'chrome');
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess('not-found'), null);
+  assert.equal(parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess(''), null);
+});
+
+test('queryWindowsForegroundProcessName reads foreground process from powershell helper', async () => {
+  const processName = await queryWindowsForegroundProcessName({
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'powershell',
+      command: 'powershell.exe',
+      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
+      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
+    }),
+    runHelper: async () => ({
+      stdout: 'process=mpv',
+      stderr: '',
+    }),
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(processName, 'mpv');
+});
+
+test('queryWindowsForegroundProcessName returns null when no powershell helper is available', async () => {
+  const processName = await queryWindowsForegroundProcessName({
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'native',
+      command: 'helper.exe',
+      args: [],
+      helperPath: 'helper.exe',
+    }),
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(processName, null);
+});
+
+test('syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder forwards socket path and overlay handle to powershell helper', async () => {
+  let capturedMode: string | null = null;
+  let capturedArgs: string[] | null = null;
+
+  const synced = await syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder({
+    overlayWindowHandle: '12345',
+    targetMpvSocketPath: '\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket',
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'powershell',
+      command: 'powershell.exe',
+      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
+      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
+    }),
+    runHelper: async (_spec, mode, extraArgs = []) => {
+      capturedMode = mode;
+      capturedArgs = extraArgs;
+      return {
+        stdout: 'ok',
+        stderr: '',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(synced, true);
+  assert.equal(capturedMode, 'bind-overlay');
+  assert.deepEqual(capturedArgs, ['\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket', '12345']);
+});
+
+test('lowerWindowsOverlayInZOrder forwards overlay handle to powershell helper', async () => {
+  let capturedMode: string | null = null;
+  let capturedArgs: string[] | null = null;
+
+  const lowered = await lowerWindowsOverlayInZOrder({
+    overlayWindowHandle: '67890',
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'powershell',
+      command: 'powershell.exe',
+      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
+      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
+    }),
+    runHelper: async (_spec, mode, extraArgs = []) => {
+      capturedMode = mode;
+      capturedArgs = extraArgs;
+      return {
+        stdout: 'ok',
+        stderr: '',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(lowered, true);
+  assert.equal(capturedMode, 'lower-overlay');
+  assert.deepEqual(capturedArgs, ['', '67890']);
+});
+
+test('queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows resolves geometry from the powershell helper', () => {
+  let capturedMode: string | null = null;
+  let capturedArgs: string[] | null = null;
+
+  const result = queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows({
+    targetMpvSocketPath: '\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket',
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'powershell',
+      command: 'powershell.exe',
+      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
+      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
+    }),
+    runHelperSync: (_spec, mode, extraArgs = []) => {
+      capturedMode = mode;
+      capturedArgs = extraArgs;
+      return {
+        stdout: '120,240,1280,720',
+        stderr: 'focus=focused\nstate=visible',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(result, {
+    matches: [
+      {
+        hwnd: 0,
+        bounds: {
+          x: 120,
+          y: 240,
+          width: 1280,
+          height: 720,
+        },
+        area: 1280 * 720,
+        isForeground: true,
+      },
+    ],
+    focusState: true,
+    windowState: 'visible',
+  });
+  assert.equal(capturedMode, 'geometry');
+  assert.deepEqual(capturedArgs, ['\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket']);
+});
+
+test('queryWindowsTargetWindowHandle resolves the selected hwnd from the powershell helper', () => {
+  let capturedMode: string | null = null;
+  let capturedArgs: string[] | null = null;
+
+  const hwnd = queryWindowsTargetWindowHandle({
+    targetMpvSocketPath: '\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket',
+    resolveHelper: () => ({
+      kind: 'powershell',
+      command: 'powershell.exe',
+      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
+      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
+    }),
+    runHelperSync: (_spec, mode, extraArgs = []) => {
+      capturedMode = mode;
+      capturedArgs = extraArgs;
+      return {
+        stdout: '12345',
+        stderr: '',
+      };
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(hwnd, 12345);
+  assert.equal(capturedMode, 'target-hwnd');
+  assert.deepEqual(capturedArgs, ['\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket']);
+});
+
 test('resolveWindowsTrackerHelper auto mode prefers native helper when present', () => {
   const helper = resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
     dirname: 'C:\\repo\\dist\\window-trackers',

src/window-trackers/windows-helper.ts

@@ -19,13 +19,23 @@
 import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as os from 'node:os';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
+import { execFile, spawnSync, type ExecFileException } from 'child_process';
 import type { WindowGeometry } from '../types';
+import type { MpvPollResult } from './win32';
 import { createLogger } from '../logger';
 
 const log = createLogger('tracker').child('windows-helper');
 
 export type WindowsTrackerHelperKind = 'powershell' | 'native';
 export type WindowsTrackerHelperMode = 'auto' | 'powershell' | 'native';
+export type WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode =
+  | 'geometry'
+  | 'foreground-process'
+  | 'bind-overlay'
+  | 'lower-overlay'
+  | 'set-owner'
+  | 'clear-owner'
+  | 'target-hwnd';
 
 export type WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec = {
   kind: WindowsTrackerHelperKind;
@@ -219,6 +229,302 @@ export function parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState(output: string): boolean | nu
   return null;
 }
 
+export function parseWindowTrackerHelperState(output: string): 'visible' | 'minimized' | null {
+  const stateLine = output
+    .split(/\r?\n/)
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .find((line) => line.startsWith('state='));
+
+  if (!stateLine) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const value = stateLine.slice('state='.length).trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (value === 'visible') {
+    return 'visible';
+  }
+  if (value === 'minimized') {
+    return 'minimized';
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+export function parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess(output: string): string | null {
+  const processLine = output
+    .split(/\r?\n/)
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .find((line) => line.startsWith('process='));
+
+  if (!processLine) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const value = processLine.slice('process='.length).trim();
+  return value.length > 0 ? value : null;
+}
+
+type WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult = {
+  stdout: string;
+  stderr: string;
+};
+
+function runWindowsTrackerHelperWithSpawnSync(
+  spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+  mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+  extraArgs: string[] = [],
+): WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult | null {
+  const modeArgs = spec.kind === 'native' ? ['--mode', mode] : ['-Mode', mode];
+  const result = spawnSync(spec.command, [...spec.args, ...modeArgs, ...extraArgs], {
+    encoding: 'utf-8',
+    timeout: 1000,
+    maxBuffer: 1024 * 1024,
+    windowsHide: true,
+  });
+
+  if (result.error || result.status !== 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    stdout: result.stdout ?? '',
+    stderr: result.stderr ?? '',
+  };
+}
+
+function runWindowsTrackerHelperWithExecFile(
+  spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+  mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+  extraArgs: string[] = [],
+): Promise<WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const modeArgs = spec.kind === 'native' ? ['--mode', mode] : ['-Mode', mode];
+    execFile(
+      spec.command,
+      [...spec.args, ...modeArgs, ...extraArgs],
+      {
+        encoding: 'utf-8',
+        timeout: 1000,
+        maxBuffer: 1024 * 1024,
+        windowsHide: true,
+      },
+      (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => {
+        if (error) {
+          reject(Object.assign(error, { stderr }));
+          return;
+        }
+        resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+      },
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+export async function queryWindowsForegroundProcessName(deps: {
+  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  runHelper?: (
+    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+    mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+    extraArgs?: string[],
+  ) => Promise<WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult>;
+} = {}): Promise<string | null> {
+  const spec =
+    deps.resolveHelper?.() ??
+    resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
+      helperModeEnv: 'powershell',
+    });
+  if (!spec || spec.kind !== 'powershell') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const runHelper = deps.runHelper ?? runWindowsTrackerHelperWithExecFile;
+  const { stdout } = await runHelper(spec, 'foreground-process');
+  return parseWindowTrackerHelperForegroundProcess(stdout);
+}
+
+export function queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows(deps: {
+  targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null;
+  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  runHelperSync?: (
+    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+    mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+    extraArgs?: string[],
+  ) => WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult | null;
+} = {}): MpvPollResult | null {
+  const targetMpvSocketPath = deps.targetMpvSocketPath?.trim();
+  if (!targetMpvSocketPath) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const spec =
+    deps.resolveHelper?.() ??
+    resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
+      helperModeEnv: 'powershell',
+    });
+  if (!spec || spec.kind !== 'powershell') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const runHelper = deps.runHelperSync ?? runWindowsTrackerHelperWithSpawnSync;
+  const result = runHelper(spec, 'geometry', [targetMpvSocketPath]);
+  if (!result) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const geometry = parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput(result.stdout);
+  if (!geometry) {
+    return {
+      matches: [],
+      focusState: parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState(result.stderr) ?? false,
+      windowState: parseWindowTrackerHelperState(result.stderr) ?? 'not-found',
+    };
+  }
+
+  const focusState = parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState(result.stderr) ?? false;
+  return {
+    matches: [
+      {
+        hwnd: 0,
+        bounds: geometry,
+        area: geometry.width * geometry.height,
+        isForeground: focusState,
+      },
+    ],
+    focusState,
+    windowState: parseWindowTrackerHelperState(result.stderr) ?? 'visible',
+  };
+}
+
+export function queryWindowsTargetWindowHandle(deps: {
+  targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null;
+  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  runHelperSync?: (
+    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+    mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+    extraArgs?: string[],
+  ) => WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult | null;
+} = {}): number | null {
+  const targetMpvSocketPath = deps.targetMpvSocketPath?.trim();
+  if (!targetMpvSocketPath) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const spec =
+    deps.resolveHelper?.() ??
+    resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
+      helperModeEnv: 'powershell',
+    });
+  if (!spec || spec.kind !== 'powershell') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const runHelper = deps.runHelperSync ?? runWindowsTrackerHelperWithSpawnSync;
+  const result = runHelper(spec, 'target-hwnd', [targetMpvSocketPath]);
+  if (!result) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const handle = Number.parseInt(result.stdout.trim(), 10);
+  return Number.isFinite(handle) && handle > 0 ? handle : null;
+}
+
+export async function syncWindowsOverlayToMpvZOrder(deps: {
+  overlayWindowHandle: string;
+  targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null;
+  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  runHelper?: (
+    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+    mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+    extraArgs?: string[],
+  ) => Promise<WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult>;
+}): Promise<boolean> {
+  const spec =
+    deps.resolveHelper?.() ??
+    resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
+      helperModeEnv: 'powershell',
+    });
+  if (!spec || spec.kind !== 'powershell') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const runHelper = deps.runHelper ?? runWindowsTrackerHelperWithExecFile;
+  const extraArgs = [deps.targetMpvSocketPath ?? '', deps.overlayWindowHandle];
+  const { stdout } = await runHelper(spec, 'bind-overlay', extraArgs);
+  return stdout.trim() === 'ok';
+}
+
+export async function lowerWindowsOverlayInZOrder(deps: {
+  overlayWindowHandle: string;
+  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  runHelper?: (
+    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
+    mode: WindowsTrackerHelperRunMode,
+    extraArgs?: string[],
+  ) => Promise<WindowsTrackerHelperRunnerResult>;
+}): Promise<boolean> {
+  const spec =
+    deps.resolveHelper?.() ??
+    resolveWindowsTrackerHelper({
+      helperModeEnv: 'powershell',
+    });
+  if (!spec || spec.kind !== 'powershell') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const runHelper = deps.runHelper ?? runWindowsTrackerHelperWithExecFile;
+  const { stdout } = await runHelper(spec, 'lower-overlay', ['', deps.overlayWindowHandle]);
+  return stdout.trim() === 'ok';
+}
+
+export function setWindowsOverlayOwnerNative(overlayHwnd: number, mpvHwnd: number): boolean {
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+    win32.setOverlayOwner(overlayHwnd, mpvHwnd);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function ensureWindowsOverlayTransparencyNative(overlayHwnd: number): boolean {
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+    win32.ensureOverlayTransparency(overlayHwnd);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function bindWindowsOverlayAboveMpvNative(overlayHwnd: number, mpvHwnd: number): boolean {
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+    win32.bindOverlayAboveMpv(overlayHwnd, mpvHwnd);
+    win32.ensureOverlayTransparency(overlayHwnd);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function clearWindowsOverlayOwnerNative(overlayHwnd: number): boolean {
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+    win32.clearOverlayOwner(overlayHwnd);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function getWindowsForegroundProcessNameNative(): string | null {
+  try {
+    const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+    return win32.getForegroundProcessName();
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
 export function resolveWindowsTrackerHelper(
   options: ResolveWindowsTrackerHelperOptions = {},
 ): WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null {

src/window-trackers/windows-tracker.test.ts

@@ -1,56 +1,65 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { WindowsWindowTracker } from './windows-tracker';
+import type { MpvPollResult } from './win32';
 
-test('WindowsWindowTracker skips overlapping polls while helper is in flight', async () => {
-  let helperCalls = 0;
-  let release: (() => void) | undefined;
-  const gate = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    release = resolve;
-  });
+function mpvVisible(
+  overrides: Partial<MpvPollResult & { x?: number; y?: number; width?: number; height?: number; focused?: boolean }> = {},
+): MpvPollResult {
+  return {
+    matches: [
+      {
+        hwnd: 12345,
+        bounds: {
+          x: overrides.x ?? 0,
+          y: overrides.y ?? 0,
+          width: overrides.width ?? 1280,
+          height: overrides.height ?? 720,
+        },
+        area: (overrides.width ?? 1280) * (overrides.height ?? 720),
+        isForeground: overrides.focused ?? true,
+      },
+    ],
+    focusState: overrides.focused ?? true,
+    windowState: 'visible',
+  };
+}
 
-  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
-    resolveHelper: () => ({
-      kind: 'powershell',
-      command: 'powershell.exe',
-      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
-      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
-    }),
-    runHelper: async () => {
-      helperCalls += 1;
-      await gate;
-      return {
-        stdout: '0,0,640,360',
-        stderr: 'focus=focused',
-      };
+const mpvNotFound: MpvPollResult = {
+  matches: [],
+  focusState: false,
+  windowState: 'not-found',
+};
+
+const mpvMinimized: MpvPollResult = {
+  matches: [],
+  focusState: false,
+  windowState: 'minimized',
+};
+
+test('WindowsWindowTracker skips overlapping polls while poll is in flight', () => {
+  let pollCalls = 0;
+  let tracker: WindowsWindowTracker;
+  tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => {
+      pollCalls += 1;
+      if (pollCalls === 1) {
+        (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+      }
+      return mpvVisible();
     },
   });
 
   (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
-  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
-  assert.equal(helperCalls, 1);
-
-  assert.ok(release);
-  release();
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.equal(pollCalls, 1);
 });
 
-test('WindowsWindowTracker updates geometry from helper output', async () => {
+test('WindowsWindowTracker updates geometry from poll output', () => {
   const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
-    resolveHelper: () => ({
-      kind: 'powershell',
-      command: 'powershell.exe',
-      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
-      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
-    }),
-    runHelper: async () => ({
-      stdout: '10,20,1280,720',
-      stderr: 'focus=focused',
-    }),
+    pollMpvWindows: () => mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
   });
 
   (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
 
   assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), {
     x: 10,
@@ -61,59 +70,180 @@ test('WindowsWindowTracker updates geometry from helper output', async () => {
   assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowFocused(), true);
 });
 
-test('WindowsWindowTracker clears geometry for helper misses', async () => {
+test('WindowsWindowTracker clears geometry for poll misses', () => {
   const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
-    resolveHelper: () => ({
-      kind: 'powershell',
-      command: 'powershell.exe',
-      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
-      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
-    }),
-    runHelper: async () => ({
-      stdout: 'not-found',
-      stderr: 'focus=not-focused',
-    }),
+    pollMpvWindows: () => mpvNotFound,
+    trackingLossGraceMs: 0,
   });
 
   (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
   assert.equal(tracker.getGeometry(), null);
   assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowFocused(), false);
 });
 
-test('WindowsWindowTracker retries without socket filter when filtered helper lookup misses', async () => {
-  const helperCalls: Array<string | null> = [];
-  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker('\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket', {
-    resolveHelper: () => ({
-      kind: 'powershell',
-      command: 'powershell.exe',
-      args: ['-File', 'helper.ps1'],
-      helperPath: 'helper.ps1',
-    }),
-    runHelper: async (_spec, _mode, targetMpvSocketPath) => {
-      helperCalls.push(targetMpvSocketPath);
-      if (targetMpvSocketPath) {
-        return {
-          stdout: 'not-found',
-          stderr: 'focus=not-focused',
-        };
-      }
-      return {
-        stdout: '25,30,1440,810',
-        stderr: 'focus=focused',
-      };
-    },
+test('WindowsWindowTracker keeps the last geometry through a single poll miss', () => {
+  let callIndex = 0;
+  const outputs = [
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  ];
+
+  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => outputs[callIndex++] ?? outputs.at(-1)!,
+    trackingLossGraceMs: 0,
   });
 
   (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
-  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
 
-  assert.deepEqual(helperCalls, ['\\\\.\\pipe\\subminer-socket', null]);
-  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), {
-    x: 25,
-    y: 30,
-    width: 1440,
-    height: 810,
-  });
-  assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowFocused(), true);
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+});
+
+test('WindowsWindowTracker drops tracking after grace window expires', () => {
+  let callIndex = 0;
+  let now = 1_000;
+  const outputs = [
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvNotFound,
+  ];
+
+  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => outputs[callIndex++] ?? outputs.at(-1)!,
+    now: () => now,
+    trackingLossGraceMs: 500,
+  });
+
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), false);
+  assert.equal(tracker.getGeometry(), null);
+});
+
+test('WindowsWindowTracker keeps tracking through repeated poll misses inside grace window', () => {
+  let callIndex = 0;
+  let now = 1_000;
+  const outputs = [
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvNotFound,
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  ];
+
+  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => outputs[callIndex++] ?? outputs.at(-1)!,
+    now: () => now,
+    trackingLossGraceMs: 1_500,
+  });
+
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+});
+
+test('WindowsWindowTracker keeps tracking through a transient minimized report inside minimized grace window', () => {
+  let callIndex = 0;
+  let now = 1_000;
+  const outputs: MpvPollResult[] = [
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    mpvMinimized,
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  ];
+
+  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => outputs[callIndex++] ?? outputs.at(-1)!,
+    now: () => now,
+    minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs: 200,
+  });
+
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 100;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  now += 100;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+});
+
+test('WindowsWindowTracker keeps tracking through repeated transient minimized reports inside minimized grace window', () => {
+  let callIndex = 0;
+  let now = 1_000;
+  const outputs: MpvPollResult[] = [
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+    mpvMinimized,
+    mpvMinimized,
+    mpvVisible({ x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 }),
+  ];
+
+  const tracker = new WindowsWindowTracker(undefined, {
+    pollMpvWindows: () => outputs[callIndex++] ?? outputs.at(-1)!,
+    now: () => now,
+    minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs: 500,
+  });
+
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowMinimized(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowMinimized(), true);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
+
+  now += 250;
+  (tracker as unknown as { pollGeometry: () => void }).pollGeometry();
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTracking(), true);
+  assert.equal(tracker.isTargetWindowMinimized(), false);
+  assert.deepEqual(tracker.getGeometry(), { x: 10, y: 20, width: 1280, height: 720 });
 });

src/window-trackers/windows-tracker.ts

@@ -16,80 +16,72 @@
   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
-import { execFile, type ExecFileException } from 'child_process';
 import { BaseWindowTracker } from './base-tracker';
-import {
-  parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState,
-  parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput,
-  resolveWindowsTrackerHelper,
-  type WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
-} from './windows-helper';
+import type { WindowGeometry } from '../types';
+import type { MpvPollResult } from './win32';
+import { queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows } from './windows-helper';
 import { createLogger } from '../logger';
 
 const log = createLogger('tracker').child('windows');
 
-type WindowsTrackerRunnerResult = {
-  stdout: string;
-  stderr: string;
-};
-
 type WindowsTrackerDeps = {
-  resolveHelper?: () => WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
-  runHelper?: (
-    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
-    mode: 'geometry',
-    targetMpvSocketPath: string | null,
-  ) => Promise<WindowsTrackerRunnerResult>;
+  pollMpvWindows?: () => MpvPollResult;
+  maxConsecutiveMisses?: number;
+  trackingLossGraceMs?: number;
+  minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs?: number;
+  now?: () => number;
 };
 
-function runHelperWithExecFile(
-  spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
-  mode: 'geometry',
-  targetMpvSocketPath: string | null,
-): Promise<WindowsTrackerRunnerResult> {
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const modeArgs = spec.kind === 'native' ? ['--mode', mode] : ['-Mode', mode];
-    const args = targetMpvSocketPath
-      ? [...spec.args, ...modeArgs, targetMpvSocketPath]
-      : [...spec.args, ...modeArgs];
-    execFile(
-      spec.command,
-      args,
-      {
-        encoding: 'utf-8',
-        timeout: 1000,
-        maxBuffer: 1024 * 1024,
-        windowsHide: true,
-      },
-      (error: ExecFileException | null, stdout: string, stderr: string) => {
-        if (error) {
-          reject(Object.assign(error, { stderr }));
-          return;
-        }
-        resolve({ stdout, stderr });
-      },
-    );
-  });
+function shouldUsePowershellTrackerFallback(): boolean {
+  const helperMode = process.env.SUBMINER_WINDOWS_TRACKER_HELPER?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (helperMode === 'powershell') {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const helperPath = process.env.SUBMINER_WINDOWS_TRACKER_HELPER_PATH?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return helperPath?.endsWith('.ps1') ?? false;
+}
+
+function defaultPollMpvWindows(targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null): MpvPollResult {
+  if (targetMpvSocketPath && shouldUsePowershellTrackerFallback()) {
+    const helperResult = queryWindowsTrackerMpvWindows({
+      targetMpvSocketPath,
+    });
+    if (helperResult) {
+      return helperResult;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const win32 = require('./win32') as typeof import('./win32');
+  return win32.findMpvWindows();
 }
 
 export class WindowsWindowTracker extends BaseWindowTracker {
   private pollInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
   private pollInFlight = false;
-  private helperSpec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec | null;
+  private readonly pollMpvWindows: () => MpvPollResult;
+  private readonly maxConsecutiveMisses: number;
+  private readonly trackingLossGraceMs: number;
+  private readonly minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs: number;
+  private readonly now: () => number;
+  private lastPollErrorFingerprint: string | null = null;
+  private lastPollErrorLoggedAtMs = 0;
+  private consecutiveMisses = 0;
+  private trackingLossStartedAtMs: number | null = null;
+  private targetWindowMinimized = false;
   private readonly targetMpvSocketPath: string | null;
-  private readonly runHelper: (
-    spec: WindowsTrackerHelperLaunchSpec,
-    mode: 'geometry',
-    targetMpvSocketPath: string | null,
-  ) => Promise<WindowsTrackerRunnerResult>;
-  private lastExecErrorFingerprint: string | null = null;
-  private lastExecErrorLoggedAtMs = 0;
 
-  constructor(targetMpvSocketPath?: string, deps: WindowsTrackerDeps = {}) {
+  constructor(_targetMpvSocketPath?: string, deps: WindowsTrackerDeps = {}) {
     super();
-    this.targetMpvSocketPath = targetMpvSocketPath?.trim() || null;
-    this.helperSpec = deps.resolveHelper ? deps.resolveHelper() : resolveWindowsTrackerHelper();
-    this.runHelper = deps.runHelper ?? runHelperWithExecFile;
+    this.targetMpvSocketPath = _targetMpvSocketPath?.trim() || null;
+    this.pollMpvWindows = deps.pollMpvWindows ?? (() => defaultPollMpvWindows(this.targetMpvSocketPath));
+    this.maxConsecutiveMisses = Math.max(1, Math.floor(deps.maxConsecutiveMisses ?? 2));
+    this.trackingLossGraceMs = Math.max(0, Math.floor(deps.trackingLossGraceMs ?? 1_500));
+    this.minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs = Math.max(
+      0,
+      Math.floor(deps.minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs ?? 500),
+    );
+    this.now = deps.now ?? (() => Date.now());
   }
 
   start(): void {
@@ -104,72 +96,99 @@ export class WindowsWindowTracker extends BaseWindowTracker {
     }
   }
 
-  private maybeLogExecError(error: Error, stderr: string): void {
-    const now = Date.now();
-    const fingerprint = `${error.message}|${stderr.trim()}`;
-    const shouldLog =
-      this.lastExecErrorFingerprint !== fingerprint || now - this.lastExecErrorLoggedAtMs >= 5000;
-    if (!shouldLog) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    this.lastExecErrorFingerprint = fingerprint;
-    this.lastExecErrorLoggedAtMs = now;
-    log.warn('Windows helper execution failed', {
-      helperPath: this.helperSpec?.helperPath ?? null,
-      helperKind: this.helperSpec?.kind ?? null,
-      error: error.message,
-      stderr: stderr.trim(),
-    });
+  override isTargetWindowMinimized(): boolean {
+    return this.targetWindowMinimized;
   }
 
-  private async runHelperWithSocketFallback(): Promise<WindowsTrackerRunnerResult> {
-    if (!this.helperSpec) {
-      return { stdout: 'not-found', stderr: '' };
-    }
+  private maybeLogPollError(error: Error): void {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const fingerprint = error.message;
+    const shouldLog =
+      this.lastPollErrorFingerprint !== fingerprint || now - this.lastPollErrorLoggedAtMs >= 5000;
+    if (!shouldLog) return;
 
-    try {
-      const primary = await this.runHelper(this.helperSpec, 'geometry', this.targetMpvSocketPath);
-      const primaryGeometry = parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput(primary.stdout);
-      if (primaryGeometry || !this.targetMpvSocketPath) {
-        return primary;
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (!this.targetMpvSocketPath) {
-        throw error;
-      }
-    }
+    this.lastPollErrorFingerprint = fingerprint;
+    this.lastPollErrorLoggedAtMs = now;
+    log.warn('Windows native poll failed', { error: error.message });
+  }
 
-    return await this.runHelper(this.helperSpec, 'geometry', null);
+  private resetTrackingLossState(): void {
+    this.consecutiveMisses = 0;
+    this.trackingLossStartedAtMs = null;
+  }
+
+  private shouldDropTracking(graceMs = this.trackingLossGraceMs): boolean {
+    if (!this.isTracking()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (graceMs === 0) {
+      return this.consecutiveMisses >= this.maxConsecutiveMisses;
+    }
+    if (this.trackingLossStartedAtMs === null) {
+      this.trackingLossStartedAtMs = this.now();
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this.now() - this.trackingLossStartedAtMs > graceMs;
+  }
+
+  private registerTrackingMiss(graceMs = this.trackingLossGraceMs): void {
+    this.consecutiveMisses += 1;
+    if (this.shouldDropTracking(graceMs)) {
+      this.updateGeometry(null);
+      this.resetTrackingLossState();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private selectBestMatch(
+    result: MpvPollResult,
+  ): { geometry: WindowGeometry; focused: boolean } | null {
+    if (result.matches.length === 0) return null;
+
+    const focusedMatch = result.matches.find((m) => m.isForeground);
+    const best =
+      focusedMatch ??
+      result.matches.sort((a, b) => b.area - a.area || b.bounds.width - a.bounds.width)[0]!;
+
+    return {
+      geometry: best.bounds,
+      focused: best.isForeground,
+    };
   }
 
   private pollGeometry(): void {
-    if (this.pollInFlight || !this.helperSpec) {
-      return;
-    }
-
+    if (this.pollInFlight) return;
     this.pollInFlight = true;
-    void this.runHelperWithSocketFallback()
-      .then(({ stdout, stderr }) => {
-        const geometry = parseWindowTrackerHelperOutput(stdout);
-        const focusState = parseWindowTrackerHelperFocusState(stderr);
-        this.updateTargetWindowFocused(focusState ?? Boolean(geometry));
-        this.updateGeometry(geometry);
-      })
-      .catch((error: unknown) => {
-        const err = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error));
-        const stderr =
-          typeof error === 'object' &&
-          error !== null &&
-          'stderr' in error &&
-          typeof (error as { stderr?: unknown }).stderr === 'string'
-            ? (error as { stderr: string }).stderr
-            : '';
-        this.maybeLogExecError(err, stderr);
-        this.updateGeometry(null);
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        this.pollInFlight = false;
-      });
+
+    try {
+      const result = this.pollMpvWindows();
+      const best = this.selectBestMatch(result);
+
+      if (best) {
+        this.resetTrackingLossState();
+        this.targetWindowMinimized = false;
+        this.updateTargetWindowFocused(best.focused);
+        this.updateGeometry(best.geometry);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (result.windowState === 'minimized') {
+        this.targetWindowMinimized = true;
+        this.updateTargetWindowFocused(false);
+        this.registerTrackingMiss(this.minimizedTrackingLossGraceMs);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.targetWindowMinimized = false;
+      this.updateTargetWindowFocused(false);
+      this.registerTrackingMiss();
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      const err = error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error));
+      this.maybeLogPollError(err);
+      this.targetWindowMinimized = false;
+      this.updateTargetWindowFocused(false);
+      this.registerTrackingMiss();
+    } finally {
+      this.pollInFlight = false;
+    }
   }
 }