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.agents/skills/cloudflare-deploy/references/bot-management/patterns.md

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+# Bot Management Patterns
+
+## E-commerce Protection
+
+```txt
+# High security for checkout
+(cf.bot_management.score lt 50 and http.request.uri.path in {"/checkout" "/cart/add"} and not cf.bot_management.verified_bot and not cf.bot_management.corporate_proxy)
+Action: Managed Challenge
+```
+
+## API Protection
+
+```txt
+# Protect API with JS detection + score
+(http.request.uri.path matches "^/api/" and (cf.bot_management.score lt 30 or not cf.bot_management.js_detection.passed) and not cf.bot_management.verified_bot)
+Action: Block
+```
+
+## SEO-Friendly Bot Handling
+
+```txt
+# Allow search engine crawlers
+(cf.bot_management.score lt 30 and not cf.verified_bot_category in {"Search Engine Crawler"})
+Action: Managed Challenge
+```
+
+## Block AI Scrapers
+
+```txt
+# Block training crawlers only (allow AI assistants/search)
+(cf.verified_bot_category eq "AI Crawler")
+Action: Block
+
+# Block all AI-related bots (training + assistants + search)
+(cf.verified_bot_category in {"AI Crawler" "AI Assistant" "AI Search"})
+Action: Block
+
+# Allow AI Search, block AI Crawler and AI Assistant
+(cf.verified_bot_category in {"AI Crawler" "AI Assistant"})
+Action: Block
+
+# Or use dashboard: Security > Settings > Bot Management > Block AI Bots
+```
+
+## Rate Limiting by Bot Score
+
+```txt
+# Stricter limits for suspicious traffic
+(cf.bot_management.score lt 50)
+Rate: 10 requests per 10 seconds
+
+(cf.bot_management.score ge 50)
+Rate: 100 requests per 10 seconds
+```
+
+## Mobile App Allowlisting
+
+```txt
+# Identify mobile app by JA3/JA4
+(cf.bot_management.ja4 in {"fingerprint1" "fingerprint2"})
+Action: Skip (all remaining rules)
+```
+
+## Datacenter Detection
+
+```typescript
+import type { IncomingRequestCfProperties } from '@cloudflare/workers-types';
+
+// Low score + not corporate proxy = likely datacenter bot
+export default {
+  async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
+    const cf = request.cf as IncomingRequestCfProperties | undefined;
+    const botMgmt = cf?.botManagement;
+    
+    if (botMgmt?.score && botMgmt.score < 30 && 
+        !botMgmt.corporateProxy && !botMgmt.verifiedBot) {
+      return new Response('Datacenter traffic blocked', { status: 403 });
+    }
+    
+    return fetch(request);
+  }
+};
+```
+
+## Conditional Delay (Tarpit)
+
+```typescript
+import type { IncomingRequestCfProperties } from '@cloudflare/workers-types';
+
+// Add delay proportional to bot suspicion
+export default {
+  async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
+    const cf = request.cf as IncomingRequestCfProperties | undefined;
+    const botMgmt = cf?.botManagement;
+    
+    if (botMgmt?.score && botMgmt.score < 50 && !botMgmt.verifiedBot) {
+      // Delay: 0-2 seconds for scores 50-0
+      const delayMs = Math.max(0, (50 - botMgmt.score) * 40);
+      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, delayMs));
+    }
+    
+    return fetch(request);
+  }
+};
+```
+
+## Layered Defense
+
+```txt
+1. Bot Management (score-based)
+2. JavaScript Detections (for JS-capable clients)
+3. Rate Limiting (fallback protection)
+4. WAF Managed Rules (OWASP, etc.)
+```
+
+## Progressive Enhancement
+
+```txt
+Public content: High threshold (score < 10)
+Authenticated: Medium threshold (score < 30)
+Sensitive: Low threshold (score < 50) + JSD
+```
+
+## Zero Trust for Bots
+
+```txt
+1. Default deny (all scores < 30)
+2. Allowlist verified bots
+3. Allowlist mobile apps (JA3/JA4)
+4. Allowlist corporate proxies
+5. Allowlist static resources
+```
+
+## Workers: Score + JS Detection
+
+```typescript
+import type { IncomingRequestCfProperties } from '@cloudflare/workers-types';
+
+export default {
+  async fetch(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
+    const cf = request.cf as IncomingRequestCfProperties | undefined;
+    const botMgmt = cf?.botManagement;
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    
+    if (botMgmt?.staticResource) return fetch(request); // Skip static
+    
+    // API endpoints: require JS detection + good score
+    if (url.pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
+      const jsDetectionPassed = botMgmt?.jsDetection?.passed ?? false;
+      const score = botMgmt?.score ?? 100;
+      
+      if (!jsDetectionPassed || score < 30) {
+        return new Response('Unauthorized', { status: 401 });
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return fetch(request);
+  }
+};
+```
+
+## Rate Limiting by JWT Claim + Bot Score
+
+```txt
+# Enterprise: Combine bot score with JWT validation
+Rate limiting > Custom rules
+- Field: lookup_json_string(http.request.jwt.claims["{config_id}"][0], "sub")
+- Matches: user ID claim
+- Additional condition: cf.bot_management.score lt 50
+```
+
+## WAF Integration Points
+
+- **WAF Custom Rules**: Primary enforcement mechanism
+- **Rate Limiting Rules**: Bot score as dimension, stricter limits for low scores
+- **Transform Rules**: Pass score to origin via custom header
+- **Workers**: Programmatic bot logic, custom scoring algorithms
+- **Page Rules / Configuration Rules**: Zone-level overrides, path-specific settings
+
+## See Also
+
+- [gotchas.md](./gotchas.md) - Common errors, false positives/negatives, limitations