fix: align youtube playback with shared overlay startup

2026-03-23 00:11:28 -07:00 · 2026-03-22 18:34:25 -07:00
parent 7666a094f4
commit e7242d006f
31 changed files with 3545 additions and 60 deletions
--- a/src/core/services/index.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/index.ts
@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@ export {
  handleOverlayWindowBeforeInputEvent,
  isTabInputForMpvForwarding,
 } from './overlay-window-input';
-export { initializeOverlayRuntime } from './overlay-runtime-init';
+export {
+  initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration,
+  initializeOverlayRuntime,
+} from './overlay-runtime-init';
 export { setVisibleOverlayVisible, updateVisibleOverlayVisibility } from './overlay-visibility';
 export {
  MPV_REQUEST_ID_SECONDARY_SUB_VISIBILITY,
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
-import { initializeOverlayRuntime } from './overlay-runtime-init';
+import { initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration, initializeOverlayRuntime } from './overlay-runtime-init';

 test('initializeOverlayRuntime skips Anki integration when ankiConnect.enabled is false', () => {
  let createdIntegrations = 0;
@@ -109,6 +109,49 @@ test('initializeOverlayRuntime starts Anki integration when ankiConnect.enabled
  assert.equal(setIntegrationCalls, 1);
 });

+test('initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration can initialize Anki transport after overlay runtime already exists', () => {
+  let createdIntegrations = 0;
+  let startedIntegrations = 0;
+  let setIntegrationCalls = 0;
+
+  initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration({
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      ankiConnect: { enabled: true } as never,
+    }),
+    getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => ({}),
+    getMpvClient: () => ({
+      send: () => {},
+    }),
+    getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => ({
+      getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig: (config) => config as never,
+    }),
+    createAnkiIntegration: (args) => {
+      createdIntegrations += 1;
+      assert.equal(args.config.enabled, true);
+      return {
+        start: () => {
+          startedIntegrations += 1;
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    setAnkiIntegration: () => {
+      setIntegrationCalls += 1;
+    },
+    showDesktopNotification: () => {},
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: () => async () => ({
+      keepNoteId: 11,
+      deleteNoteId: 12,
+      deleteDuplicate: false,
+      cancelled: false,
+    }),
+    getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => '/tmp/known-words-cache.json',
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(createdIntegrations, 1);
+  assert.equal(startedIntegrations, 1);
+  assert.equal(setIntegrationCalls, 1);
+});
+
 test('initializeOverlayRuntime can skip starting Anki integration transport', () => {
  let createdIntegrations = 0;
  let startedIntegrations = 0;
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,24 @@ function createDefaultAnkiIntegration(args: CreateAnkiIntegrationArgs): AnkiInte
 }

 export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
+  getMpvSocketPath: () => string;
+  getResolvedConfig: () => { ankiConnect?: AnkiConnectConfig; ai?: AiConfig };
+  getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => unknown | null;
+  getMpvClient: () => {
+    send?: (payload: { command: string[] }) => void;
+  } | null;
+  getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => {
+    getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig: (config?: AnkiConnectConfig) => AnkiConnectConfig;
+  } | null;
+  getAnkiIntegration?: () => unknown | null;
+  setAnkiIntegration: (integration: unknown | null) => void;
+  showDesktopNotification: (title: string, options: { body?: string; icon?: string }) => void;
+  createFieldGroupingCallback: () => (
+    data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData,
+  ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
+  getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
+  shouldStartAnkiIntegration?: () => boolean;
+  createAnkiIntegration?: (args: CreateAnkiIntegrationArgs) => AnkiIntegrationLike;
  backendOverride: string | null;
  createMainWindow: () => void;
  registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
@@ -60,23 +78,6 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
    override?: string | null,
    targetMpvSocketPath?: string | null,
  ) => BaseWindowTracker | null;
-  getMpvSocketPath: () => string;
-  getResolvedConfig: () => { ankiConnect?: AnkiConnectConfig; ai?: AiConfig };
-  getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => unknown | null;
-  getMpvClient: () => {
-    send?: (payload: { command: string[] }) => void;
-  } | null;
-  getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => {
-    getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig: (config?: AnkiConnectConfig) => AnkiConnectConfig;
-  } | null;
-  setAnkiIntegration: (integration: unknown | null) => void;
-  showDesktopNotification: (title: string, options: { body?: string; icon?: string }) => void;
-  createFieldGroupingCallback: () => (
-    data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData,
-  ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
-  getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
-  shouldStartAnkiIntegration?: () => boolean;
-  createAnkiIntegration?: (args: CreateAnkiIntegrationArgs) => AnkiIntegrationLike;
 }): void {
  options.createMainWindow();
  options.registerGlobalShortcuts();
@@ -112,35 +113,64 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
    windowTracker.start();
  }

+  initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration(options);
+
+  options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+}
+
+export function initializeOverlayAnkiIntegration(options: {
+  getResolvedConfig: () => { ankiConnect?: AnkiConnectConfig; ai?: AiConfig };
+  getSubtitleTimingTracker: () => unknown | null;
+  getMpvClient: () => {
+    send?: (payload: { command: string[] }) => void;
+  } | null;
+  getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => {
+    getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig: (config?: AnkiConnectConfig) => AnkiConnectConfig;
+  } | null;
+  getAnkiIntegration?: () => unknown | null;
+  setAnkiIntegration: (integration: unknown | null) => void;
+  showDesktopNotification: (title: string, options: { body?: string; icon?: string }) => void;
+  createFieldGroupingCallback: () => (
+    data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData,
+  ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
+  getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
+  shouldStartAnkiIntegration?: () => boolean;
+  createAnkiIntegration?: (args: CreateAnkiIntegrationArgs) => AnkiIntegrationLike;
+}): boolean {
+  if (options.getAnkiIntegration?.()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
  const config = options.getResolvedConfig();
  const subtitleTimingTracker = options.getSubtitleTimingTracker();
  const mpvClient = options.getMpvClient();
  const runtimeOptionsManager = options.getRuntimeOptionsManager();

  if (
-    config.ankiConnect?.enabled === true &&
-    subtitleTimingTracker &&
-    mpvClient &&
-    runtimeOptionsManager
+    config.ankiConnect?.enabled !== true ||
+    !subtitleTimingTracker ||
+    !mpvClient ||
+    !runtimeOptionsManager
  ) {
-    const effectiveAnkiConfig = runtimeOptionsManager.getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig(
-      config.ankiConnect,
-    );
-    const createAnkiIntegration = options.createAnkiIntegration ?? createDefaultAnkiIntegration;
-    const integration = createAnkiIntegration({
-      config: effectiveAnkiConfig,
-      aiConfig: mergeAiConfig(config.ai, config.ankiConnect?.ai),
-      subtitleTimingTracker,
-      mpvClient,
-      showDesktopNotification: options.showDesktopNotification,
-      createFieldGroupingCallback: options.createFieldGroupingCallback,
-      knownWordCacheStatePath: options.getKnownWordCacheStatePath(),
-    });
-    if (options.shouldStartAnkiIntegration?.() !== false) {
-      integration.start();
-    }
-    options.setAnkiIntegration(integration);
+    return false;
  }

-  options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
+  const effectiveAnkiConfig = runtimeOptionsManager.getEffectiveAnkiConnectConfig(
+    config.ankiConnect,
+  );
+  const createAnkiIntegration = options.createAnkiIntegration ?? createDefaultAnkiIntegration;
+  const integration = createAnkiIntegration({
+    config: effectiveAnkiConfig,
+    aiConfig: mergeAiConfig(config.ai, config.ankiConnect?.ai),
+    subtitleTimingTracker,
+    mpvClient,
+    showDesktopNotification: options.showDesktopNotification,
+    createFieldGroupingCallback: options.createFieldGroupingCallback,
+    knownWordCacheStatePath: options.getKnownWordCacheStatePath(),
+  });
+  if (options.shouldStartAnkiIntegration?.() !== false) {
+    integration.start();
+  }
+  options.setAnkiIntegration(integration);
+  return true;
 }
--- a/src/core/services/startup.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/startup.test.ts
@@ -194,3 +194,93 @@ test('runAppReadyRuntime headless refresh bootstraps Anki runtime without UI sta
    'run-headless-command',
  ]);
 });
+
+test('runAppReadyRuntime loads Yomitan before auto-initializing overlay runtime', async () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+
+  await runAppReadyRuntime({
+    ensureDefaultConfigBootstrap: () => {
+      calls.push('bootstrap');
+    },
+    loadSubtitlePosition: () => {
+      calls.push('load-subtitle-position');
+    },
+    resolveKeybindings: () => {
+      calls.push('resolve-keybindings');
+    },
+    createMpvClient: () => {
+      calls.push('create-mpv');
+    },
+    reloadConfig: () => {
+      calls.push('reload-config');
+    },
+    getResolvedConfig: () => ({
+      websocket: { enabled: false },
+      annotationWebsocket: { enabled: false },
+      texthooker: { launchAtStartup: false },
+    }),
+    getConfigWarnings: () => [],
+    logConfigWarning: () => {},
+    setLogLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('set-log-level');
+    },
+    initRuntimeOptionsManager: () => {
+      calls.push('init-runtime-options');
+    },
+    setSecondarySubMode: () => {
+      calls.push('set-secondary-sub-mode');
+    },
+    defaultSecondarySubMode: 'hover',
+    defaultWebsocketPort: 0,
+    defaultAnnotationWebsocketPort: 0,
+    defaultTexthookerPort: 0,
+    hasMpvWebsocketPlugin: () => false,
+    startSubtitleWebsocket: () => {
+      calls.push('subtitle-ws');
+    },
+    startAnnotationWebsocket: () => {
+      calls.push('annotation-ws');
+    },
+    startTexthooker: () => {
+      calls.push('texthooker');
+    },
+    log: () => {
+      calls.push('log');
+    },
+    createMecabTokenizerAndCheck: async () => {},
+    createSubtitleTimingTracker: () => {
+      calls.push('subtitle-timing');
+    },
+    createImmersionTracker: () => {
+      calls.push('immersion');
+    },
+    startJellyfinRemoteSession: async () => {},
+    loadYomitanExtension: async () => {
+      calls.push('load-yomitan');
+    },
+    handleFirstRunSetup: async () => {
+      calls.push('first-run');
+    },
+    prewarmSubtitleDictionaries: async () => {},
+    startBackgroundWarmups: () => {
+      calls.push('warmups');
+    },
+    texthookerOnlyMode: false,
+    shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig: () => true,
+    setVisibleOverlayVisible: () => {
+      calls.push('visible-overlay');
+    },
+    initializeOverlayRuntime: () => {
+      calls.push('init-overlay');
+    },
+    handleInitialArgs: () => {
+      calls.push('handle-initial-args');
+    },
+    shouldUseMinimalStartup: () => false,
+    shouldSkipHeavyStartup: () => false,
+  });
+
+  assert.ok(calls.indexOf('load-yomitan') !== -1);
+  assert.ok(calls.indexOf('init-overlay') !== -1);
+  assert.ok(calls.indexOf('load-yomitan') < calls.indexOf('init-overlay'));
+});
--- a/src/core/services/startup.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/startup.ts
@@ -290,13 +290,14 @@ export async function runAppReadyRuntime(deps: AppReadyRuntimeDeps): Promise<voi
  if (deps.texthookerOnlyMode) {
    deps.log('Texthooker-only mode enabled; skipping overlay window.');
  } else if (deps.shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig()) {
+    await deps.loadYomitanExtension();
    deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(true);
    deps.initializeOverlayRuntime();
  } else {
    deps.log('Overlay runtime deferred: waiting for explicit overlay command.');
+    await deps.loadYomitanExtension();
  }

-  await deps.loadYomitanExtension();
  await deps.handleFirstRunSetup();
  deps.handleInitialArgs();
  deps.logDebug?.(`App-ready critical path finished in ${now() - startupStartedAtMs}ms.`);
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/generate.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/generate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import type { YoutubeFlowMode } from '../../../types';
+import type { YoutubeTrackOption } from './track-probe';
+import { downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack, downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks } from './track-download';
+
+export function isYoutubeGenerationMode(mode: YoutubeFlowMode): boolean {
+  return mode === 'generate';
+}
+
+export async function acquireYoutubeSubtitleTrack(input: {
+  targetUrl: string;
+  outputDir: string;
+  track: YoutubeTrackOption;
+  mode: YoutubeFlowMode;
+}): Promise<{ path: string }> {
+  return await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack(input);
+}
+
+export async function acquireYoutubeSubtitleTracks(input: {
+  targetUrl: string;
+  outputDir: string;
+  tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[];
+  mode: YoutubeFlowMode;
+}): Promise<Map<string, string>> {
+  return await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks(input);
+}
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/labels.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/labels.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+export type YoutubeTrackKind = 'manual' | 'auto';
+
+export function normalizeYoutubeLangCode(value: string): string {
+  return value.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/_/g, '-').replace(/[^a-z0-9-]+/g, '');
+}
+
+export function isJapaneseYoutubeLang(value: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = normalizeYoutubeLangCode(value);
+  return (
+    normalized === 'ja' ||
+    normalized === 'jp' ||
+    normalized === 'jpn' ||
+    normalized === 'japanese' ||
+    normalized.startsWith('ja-') ||
+    normalized.startsWith('jp-')
+  );
+}
+
+export function isEnglishYoutubeLang(value: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = normalizeYoutubeLangCode(value);
+  return (
+    normalized === 'en' ||
+    normalized === 'eng' ||
+    normalized === 'english' ||
+    normalized === 'enus' ||
+    normalized === 'en-us' ||
+    normalized.startsWith('en-')
+  );
+}
+
+export function formatYoutubeTrackLabel(input: {
+  language: string;
+  kind: YoutubeTrackKind;
+  title?: string;
+}): string {
+  const language = input.language.trim() || 'unknown';
+  const base = input.title?.trim() || language;
+  return `${base} (${input.kind})`;
+}
+
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/retime.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/retime.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { retimeYoutubeSubtitle } from './retime';
+
+test('retimeYoutubeSubtitle uses the downloaded subtitle path as-is', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const root = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'subminer-youtube-retime-'));
+  try {
+    const primaryPath = path.join(root, 'primary.vtt');
+    const referencePath = path.join(root, 'reference.vtt');
+    fs.writeFileSync(primaryPath, 'WEBVTT\n', 'utf8');
+    fs.writeFileSync(referencePath, 'WEBVTT\n', 'utf8');
+
+    const result = await retimeYoutubeSubtitle({
+      primaryPath,
+      secondaryPath: referencePath,
+    });
+
+    assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+    assert.equal(result.strategy, 'none');
+    assert.equal(result.path, primaryPath);
+    assert.equal(result.message, 'Using downloaded subtitle as-is (no automatic retime enabled)');
+    assert.equal(fs.readFileSync(result.path, 'utf8'), 'WEBVTT\n');
+  } finally {
+    fs.rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+});
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/retime.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/retime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export async function retimeYoutubeSubtitle(input: {
+  primaryPath: string;
+  secondaryPath: string | null;
+}): Promise<{ ok: boolean; path: string; strategy: 'none'; message: string }> {
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    path: input.primaryPath,
+    strategy: 'none',
+    message: `Using downloaded subtitle as-is${input.secondaryPath ? ' (no automatic retime enabled)' : ''}`,
+  };
+}
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/timedtext.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/timedtext.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+interface YoutubeTimedTextRow {
+  startMs: number;
+  durationMs: number;
+  text: string;
+}
+
+const YOUTUBE_TIMEDTEXT_EXTENSIONS = new Set(['srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ytsrv3']);
+
+function decodeHtmlEntities(value: string): string {
+  return value
+    .replace(/&amp;/g, '&')
+    .replace(/&lt;/g, '<')
+    .replace(/&gt;/g, '>')
+    .replace(/&quot;/g, '"')
+    .replace(/&#39;/g, "'")
+    .replace(/&#(\d+);/g, (_match, codePoint) => String.fromCodePoint(Number(codePoint)))
+    .replace(/&#x([0-9a-f]+);/gi, (_match, codePoint) =>
+      String.fromCodePoint(Number.parseInt(codePoint, 16)),
+    );
+}
+
+function parseAttributeMap(raw: string): Map<string, string> {
+  const attrs = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const match of raw.matchAll(/([a-zA-Z0-9:_-]+)="([^"]*)"/g)) {
+    attrs.set(match[1]!, match[2]!);
+  }
+  return attrs;
+}
+
+function extractYoutubeTimedTextRows(xml: string): YoutubeTimedTextRow[] {
+  const rows: YoutubeTimedTextRow[] = [];
+
+  for (const match of xml.matchAll(/<p\b([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/p>/g)) {
+    const attrs = parseAttributeMap(match[1] ?? '');
+    const startMs = Number(attrs.get('t'));
+    const durationMs = Number(attrs.get('d'));
+    if (!Number.isFinite(startMs) || !Number.isFinite(durationMs)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const inner = (match[2] ?? '')
+      .replace(/<br\s*\/?>/gi, '\n')
+      .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '');
+    const text = decodeHtmlEntities(inner).trim();
+    if (!text) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    rows.push({ startMs, durationMs, text });
+  }
+
+  return rows;
+}
+
+function formatVttTimestamp(ms: number): string {
+  const totalMs = Math.max(0, Math.floor(ms));
+  const hours = Math.floor(totalMs / 3_600_000);
+  const minutes = Math.floor((totalMs % 3_600_000) / 60_000);
+  const seconds = Math.floor((totalMs % 60_000) / 1_000);
+  const millis = totalMs % 1_000;
+  return `${String(hours).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(minutes).padStart(2, '0')}:${String(seconds).padStart(2, '0')}.${String(millis).padStart(3, '0')}`;
+}
+
+export function isYoutubeTimedTextExtension(value: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!value) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return YOUTUBE_TIMEDTEXT_EXTENSIONS.has(value.trim().toLowerCase());
+}
+
+export function convertYoutubeTimedTextToVtt(xml: string): string {
+  const rows = extractYoutubeTimedTextRows(xml);
+  if (rows.length === 0) {
+    return 'WEBVTT\n';
+  }
+
+  const blocks = rows.map((row, index) => {
+    const nextRow = rows[index + 1];
+    const unclampedEnd = row.startMs + row.durationMs;
+    const clampedEnd =
+      nextRow && unclampedEnd > nextRow.startMs
+        ? Math.max(row.startMs, nextRow.startMs - 1)
+        : unclampedEnd;
+
+    return `${formatVttTimestamp(row.startMs)} --> ${formatVttTimestamp(clampedEnd)}\n${row.text}`;
+  });
+
+  return `WEBVTT\n\n${blocks.join('\n\n')}\n`;
+}
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/track-download.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/track-download.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack, downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks } from './track-download';
+
+async function withTempDir<T>(fn: (dir: string) => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+  const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'subminer-youtube-track-download-'));
+  try {
+    return await fn(dir);
+  } finally {
+    fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+function makeFakeYtDlpScript(dir: string): string {
+  const scriptPath = path.join(dir, 'yt-dlp');
+const script = `#!/usr/bin/env node
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+let outputTemplate = '';
+const wantsAutoSubs = args.includes('--write-auto-subs');
+const wantsManualSubs = args.includes('--write-subs');
+const subLangIndex = args.indexOf('--sub-langs');
+const subLang = subLangIndex >= 0 ? args[subLangIndex + 1] || '' : '';
+const subLangs = subLang ? subLang.split(',').filter(Boolean) : [];
+for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i += 1) {
+  if (args[i] === '-o' && typeof args[i + 1] === 'string') {
+    outputTemplate = args[i + 1];
+    i += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+if (process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_AUTO_SUBS === '1' && !wantsAutoSubs) {
+  process.exit(2);
+}
+if (process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_MANUAL_SUBS === '1' && !wantsManualSubs) {
+  process.exit(3);
+}
+if (process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG && subLang !== process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG) {
+  process.exit(4);
+}
+
+const prefix = outputTemplate.replace(/\.%\([^)]+\)s$/, '');
+if (!prefix) {
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(prefix), { recursive: true });
+
+if (process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE === 'multi') {
+  for (const lang of subLangs) {
+    fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.\${lang}.vtt\`, 'WEBVTT\\n');
+  }
+} else if (process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE === 'rolling-auto') {
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    \`\${prefix}.vtt\`,
+    [
+      'WEBVTT',
+      '',
+      '00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:02.000',
+      '今日は',
+      '',
+      '00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:03.000',
+      '今日はいい天気ですね',
+      '',
+      '00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:04.000',
+      '今日はいい天気ですね本当に',
+      '',
+    ].join('\\n'),
+  );
+} else if (process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE === 'multi-primary-only-fail') {
+  const primaryLang = subLangs[0];
+  if (primaryLang) {
+    fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.\${primaryLang}.vtt\`, 'WEBVTT\\n');
+  }
+  process.stderr.write("ERROR: Unable to download video subtitles for 'en': HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests\\n");
+  process.exit(1);
+} else if (process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE === 'both') {
+  fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.vtt\`, 'WEBVTT\\n');
+  fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.orig.webp\`, 'webp');
+} else if (process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE === 'webp-only') {
+  fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.orig.webp\`, 'webp');
+} else {
+  fs.writeFileSync(\`\${prefix}.vtt\`, 'WEBVTT\\n');
+}
+process.exit(0);
+`;
+  fs.writeFileSync(scriptPath, script, 'utf8');
+  fs.chmodSync(scriptPath, 0o755);
+  return scriptPath;
+}
+
+async function withFakeYtDlp<T>(
+  mode: 'both' | 'webp-only' | 'multi' | 'multi-primary-only-fail' | 'rolling-auto',
+  fn: (dir: string, binDir: string) => Promise<T>,
+): Promise<T> {
+  return await withTempDir(async (root) => {
+    const binDir = path.join(root, 'bin');
+    fs.mkdirSync(binDir, { recursive: true });
+    makeFakeYtDlpScript(binDir);
+
+    const originalPath = process.env.PATH ?? '';
+    process.env.PATH = `${binDir}${path.delimiter}${originalPath}`;
+    process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE = mode;
+    try {
+      return await fn(root, binDir);
+    } finally {
+      process.env.PATH = originalPath;
+      delete process.env.YTDLP_FAKE_MODE;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+async function withFakeYtDlpExpectations<T>(
+  expectations: Partial<Record<'YTDLP_EXPECT_AUTO_SUBS' | 'YTDLP_EXPECT_MANUAL_SUBS' | 'YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG', string>>,
+  fn: () => Promise<T>,
+): Promise<T> {
+  const previous = {
+    YTDLP_EXPECT_AUTO_SUBS: process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_AUTO_SUBS,
+    YTDLP_EXPECT_MANUAL_SUBS: process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_MANUAL_SUBS,
+    YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG: process.env.YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG,
+  };
+  Object.assign(process.env, expectations);
+  try {
+    return await fn();
+  } finally {
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(previous)) {
+      if (value === undefined) {
+        delete process.env[key];
+      } else {
+        process.env[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function withStubFetch<T>(
+  handler: (url: string) => Promise<Response> | Response,
+  fn: () => Promise<T>,
+): Promise<T> {
+  const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
+  globalThis.fetch = (async (input: string | URL | Request) => {
+    const url =
+      typeof input === 'string'
+        ? input
+        : input instanceof URL
+          ? input.toString()
+          : input.url;
+    return await handler(url);
+  }) as typeof fetch;
+  try {
+    return await fn();
+  } finally {
+    globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
+  }
+}
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack prefers subtitle files over later webp artifacts', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('both', async (root) => {
+    const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+      targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+      outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+      track: {
+        id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+        language: 'ja',
+        sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+        kind: 'auto',
+        label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+      },
+      mode: 'download',
+    });
+
+    assert.equal(path.extname(result.path), '.vtt');
+    assert.match(path.basename(result.path), /^auto-ja-orig\./);
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack ignores stale subtitle files from prior runs', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('webp-only', async (root) => {
+    const outputDir = path.join(root, 'out');
+    fs.mkdirSync(outputDir, { recursive: true });
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(outputDir, 'auto-ja.vtt'), 'stale subtitle');
+
+    await assert.rejects(
+      async () =>
+        await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir,
+          track: {
+            id: 'auto:ja',
+            language: 'ja',
+            sourceLanguage: 'ja',
+            kind: 'auto',
+            label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+          },
+          mode: 'download',
+        }),
+      /No subtitle file was downloaded/,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack uses auto subtitle flags and raw source language for auto tracks', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('both', async (root) => {
+    await withFakeYtDlpExpectations(
+      {
+        YTDLP_EXPECT_AUTO_SUBS: '1',
+        YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG: 'ja-orig',
+      },
+      async () => {
+        const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+          track: {
+            id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+            language: 'ja',
+            sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+            kind: 'auto',
+            label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+          },
+          mode: 'download',
+        });
+
+        assert.equal(path.extname(result.path), '.vtt');
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack keeps manual subtitle flag for manual tracks', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('both', async (root) => {
+    await withFakeYtDlpExpectations(
+      {
+        YTDLP_EXPECT_MANUAL_SUBS: '1',
+        YTDLP_EXPECT_SUB_LANG: 'ja',
+      },
+      async () => {
+        const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+          track: {
+            id: 'manual:ja',
+            language: 'ja',
+            sourceLanguage: 'ja',
+            kind: 'manual',
+            label: 'Japanese (manual)',
+          },
+          mode: 'download',
+        });
+
+        assert.equal(path.extname(result.path), '.vtt');
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack prefers direct download URL when available', async () => {
+  await withTempDir(async (root) => {
+    await withStubFetch(
+      async (url) => {
+        assert.equal(url, 'https://example.com/subs/ja.vtt');
+        return new Response('WEBVTT\n', { status: 200 });
+      },
+      async () => {
+        const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+          track: {
+            id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+            language: 'ja',
+            sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+            kind: 'auto',
+            label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+            downloadUrl: 'https://example.com/subs/ja.vtt',
+            fileExtension: 'vtt',
+          },
+          mode: 'download',
+        });
+
+        assert.equal(path.basename(result.path), 'auto-ja-orig.ja-orig.vtt');
+        assert.equal(fs.readFileSync(result.path, 'utf8'), 'WEBVTT\n');
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack converts srv3 auto subtitles into regular vtt', async () => {
+  await withTempDir(async (root) => {
+    await withStubFetch(
+      async (url) => {
+        assert.equal(url, 'https://example.com/subs/ja.srv3');
+        return new Response(
+          [
+            '<timedtext><body>',
+            '<p t="1000" d="2500">今日は</p>',
+            '<p t="2000" d="2500">今日はいい天気ですね</p>',
+            '<p t="3500" d="2500">今日はいい天気ですね本当に</p>',
+            '</body></timedtext>',
+          ].join(''),
+          { status: 200 },
+        );
+      },
+      async () => {
+        const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+          track: {
+            id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+            language: 'ja',
+            sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+            kind: 'auto',
+            label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+            downloadUrl: 'https://example.com/subs/ja.srv3',
+            fileExtension: 'srv3',
+          },
+          mode: 'download',
+        });
+
+        assert.equal(path.basename(result.path), 'auto-ja-orig.ja-orig.vtt');
+        assert.equal(
+          fs.readFileSync(result.path, 'utf8'),
+          [
+            'WEBVTT',
+            '',
+            '00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:01.999',
+            '今日は',
+            '',
+            '00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:03.499',
+            'いい天気ですね',
+            '',
+            '00:00:03.500 --> 00:00:06.000',
+            '本当に',
+            '',
+          ].join('\n'),
+        );
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks downloads primary and secondary in one invocation', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('multi', async (root) => {
+    const outputDir = path.join(root, 'out');
+    const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks({
+      targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+      outputDir,
+      tracks: [
+        {
+          id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+          language: 'ja',
+          sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+          kind: 'auto',
+          label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'auto:en',
+          language: 'en',
+          sourceLanguage: 'en',
+          kind: 'auto',
+          label: 'English (auto)',
+        },
+      ],
+      mode: 'download',
+    });
+
+    assert.match(path.basename(result.get('auto:ja-orig') ?? ''), /\.ja-orig\.vtt$/);
+    assert.match(path.basename(result.get('auto:en') ?? ''), /\.en\.vtt$/);
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks preserves successfully downloaded primary file on partial failure', async () => {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await withFakeYtDlp('multi-primary-only-fail', async (root) => {
+    const outputDir = path.join(root, 'out');
+    const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks({
+      targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+      outputDir,
+      tracks: [
+        {
+          id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+          language: 'ja',
+          sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+          kind: 'auto',
+          label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'auto:en',
+          language: 'en',
+          sourceLanguage: 'en',
+          kind: 'auto',
+          label: 'English (auto)',
+        },
+      ],
+      mode: 'download',
+    });
+
+    assert.match(path.basename(result.get('auto:ja-orig') ?? ''), /\.ja-orig\.vtt$/);
+    assert.equal(result.has('auto:en'), false);
+  });
+});
+
+test('downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks prefers direct download URLs when available', async () => {
+  await withTempDir(async (root) => {
+    const seen: string[] = [];
+    await withStubFetch(
+      async (url) => {
+        seen.push(url);
+        return new Response(`WEBVTT\n${url}\n`, { status: 200 });
+      },
+      async () => {
+        const result = await downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks({
+          targetUrl: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123',
+          outputDir: path.join(root, 'out'),
+          tracks: [
+            {
+              id: 'auto:ja-orig',
+              language: 'ja',
+              sourceLanguage: 'ja-orig',
+              kind: 'auto',
+              label: 'Japanese (auto)',
+              downloadUrl: 'https://example.com/subs/ja.vtt',
+              fileExtension: 'vtt',
+            },
+            {
+              id: 'auto:en',
+              language: 'en',
+              sourceLanguage: 'en',
+              kind: 'auto',
+              label: 'English (auto)',
+              downloadUrl: 'https://example.com/subs/en.vtt',
+              fileExtension: 'vtt',
+            },
+          ],
+          mode: 'download',
+        });
+
+        assert.deepEqual(seen, [
+          'https://example.com/subs/ja.vtt',
+          'https://example.com/subs/en.vtt',
+        ]);
+        assert.match(path.basename(result.get('auto:ja-orig') ?? ''), /\.ja-orig\.vtt$/);
+        assert.match(path.basename(result.get('auto:en') ?? ''), /\.en\.vtt$/);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/track-download.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/track-download.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+import type { YoutubeFlowMode } from '../../../types';
+import type { YoutubeTrackOption } from './track-probe';
+import { convertYoutubeTimedTextToVtt, isYoutubeTimedTextExtension } from './timedtext';
+
+const YOUTUBE_SUBTITLE_EXTENSIONS = new Set(['.srt', '.vtt', '.ass']);
+const YOUTUBE_BATCH_PREFIX = 'youtube-batch';
+
+function runCapture(command: string, args: string[]): Promise<{ stdout: string; stderr: string }> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const proc = spawn(command, args, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+    let stdout = '';
+    let stderr = '';
+    proc.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stderr.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stdout += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stderr += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.once('error', reject);
+    proc.once('close', (code) => {
+      if (code === 0) {
+        resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+        return;
+      }
+      reject(new Error(stderr.trim() || `yt-dlp exited with status ${code ?? 'unknown'}`));
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function runCaptureDetailed(
+  command: string,
+  args: string[],
+): Promise<{ stdout: string; stderr: string; code: number }> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const proc = spawn(command, args, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+    let stdout = '';
+    let stderr = '';
+    proc.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stderr.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stdout += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stderr += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.once('error', reject);
+    proc.once('close', (code) => {
+      resolve({ stdout, stderr, code: code ?? 1 });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function pickLatestSubtitleFile(dir: string, prefix: string): string | null {
+  const entries = fs.readdirSync(dir).map((name) => path.join(dir, name));
+  const candidates = entries.filter((candidate) => {
+    const basename = path.basename(candidate);
+    const ext = path.extname(basename).toLowerCase();
+    return basename.startsWith(prefix) && YOUTUBE_SUBTITLE_EXTENSIONS.has(ext);
+  });
+  candidates.sort((a, b) => fs.statSync(b).mtimeMs - fs.statSync(a).mtimeMs);
+  return candidates[0] ?? null;
+}
+
+function pickLatestSubtitleFileForLanguage(
+  dir: string,
+  prefix: string,
+  sourceLanguage: string,
+): string | null {
+  const entries = fs.readdirSync(dir).map((name) => path.join(dir, name));
+  const candidates = entries.filter((candidate) => {
+    const basename = path.basename(candidate);
+    const ext = path.extname(basename).toLowerCase();
+    return (
+      basename.startsWith(`${prefix}.`) &&
+      basename.includes(`.${sourceLanguage}.`) &&
+      YOUTUBE_SUBTITLE_EXTENSIONS.has(ext)
+    );
+  });
+  candidates.sort((a, b) => fs.statSync(b).mtimeMs - fs.statSync(a).mtimeMs);
+  return candidates[0] ?? null;
+}
+
+function buildDownloadArgs(input: {
+  targetUrl: string;
+  outputTemplate: string;
+  sourceLanguages: string[];
+  includeAutoSubs: boolean;
+  includeManualSubs: boolean;
+}): string[] {
+  const args = ['--skip-download', '--no-warnings'];
+  if (input.includeAutoSubs) {
+    args.push('--write-auto-subs');
+  }
+  if (input.includeManualSubs) {
+    args.push('--write-subs');
+  }
+  args.push(
+    '--sub-format',
+    'srt/vtt/best',
+    '--sub-langs',
+    input.sourceLanguages.join(','),
+    '-o',
+    input.outputTemplate,
+    input.targetUrl,
+  );
+  return args;
+}
+
+async function downloadSubtitleFromUrl(input: {
+  outputDir: string;
+  prefix: string;
+  track: YoutubeTrackOption;
+}): Promise<{ path: string }> {
+  if (!input.track.downloadUrl) {
+    throw new Error(`No direct subtitle URL available for ${input.track.sourceLanguage}`);
+  }
+  const ext = (input.track.fileExtension?.trim().toLowerCase() || 'vtt').replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '');
+  const safeExt = isYoutubeTimedTextExtension(ext)
+    ? 'vtt'
+    : YOUTUBE_SUBTITLE_EXTENSIONS.has(`.${ext}`)
+      ? ext
+      : 'vtt';
+  const targetPath = path.join(input.outputDir, `${input.prefix}.${input.track.sourceLanguage}.${safeExt}`);
+  const response = await fetch(input.track.downloadUrl);
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status} while downloading ${input.track.sourceLanguage}`);
+  }
+  const body = await response.text();
+  const normalizedBody = isYoutubeTimedTextExtension(ext) ? convertYoutubeTimedTextToVtt(body) : body;
+  fs.writeFileSync(targetPath, normalizedBody, 'utf8');
+  return { path: targetPath };
+}
+
+function canDownloadSubtitleFromUrl(track: YoutubeTrackOption): boolean {
+  if (!track.downloadUrl) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const ext = (track.fileExtension?.trim().toLowerCase() || 'vtt').replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '');
+  return isYoutubeTimedTextExtension(ext) || YOUTUBE_SUBTITLE_EXTENSIONS.has(`.${ext}`);
+}
+
+export async function downloadYoutubeSubtitleTrack(input: {
+  targetUrl: string;
+  outputDir: string;
+  track: YoutubeTrackOption;
+  mode: YoutubeFlowMode;
+}): Promise<{ path: string }> {
+  fs.mkdirSync(input.outputDir, { recursive: true });
+  const prefix = input.track.id.replace(/[^a-z0-9_-]+/gi, '-');
+  for (const name of fs.readdirSync(input.outputDir)) {
+    if (name.startsWith(prefix)) {
+      try {
+        fs.rmSync(path.join(input.outputDir, name), { force: true });
+      } catch {
+        // ignore stale files
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (canDownloadSubtitleFromUrl(input.track)) {
+    return await downloadSubtitleFromUrl({
+      outputDir: input.outputDir,
+      prefix,
+      track: input.track,
+    });
+  }
+  const outputTemplate = path.join(input.outputDir, `${prefix}.%(ext)s`);
+  const args = [
+    ...buildDownloadArgs({
+      targetUrl: input.targetUrl,
+      outputTemplate,
+      sourceLanguages: [input.track.sourceLanguage],
+      includeAutoSubs: input.mode === 'generate' || input.track.kind === 'auto',
+      includeManualSubs: input.track.kind === 'manual',
+    }),
+  ];
+
+  await runCapture('yt-dlp', args);
+  const subtitlePath = pickLatestSubtitleFile(input.outputDir, prefix);
+  if (!subtitlePath) {
+    throw new Error(`No subtitle file was downloaded for ${input.track.sourceLanguage}`);
+  }
+  return { path: subtitlePath };
+}
+
+export async function downloadYoutubeSubtitleTracks(input: {
+  targetUrl: string;
+  outputDir: string;
+  tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[];
+  mode: YoutubeFlowMode;
+}): Promise<Map<string, string>> {
+  fs.mkdirSync(input.outputDir, { recursive: true });
+  for (const name of fs.readdirSync(input.outputDir)) {
+    if (name.startsWith(`${YOUTUBE_BATCH_PREFIX}.`)) {
+      try {
+        fs.rmSync(path.join(input.outputDir, name), { force: true });
+      } catch {
+        // ignore stale files
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (input.tracks.every(canDownloadSubtitleFromUrl)) {
+    const results = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const track of input.tracks) {
+      const download = await downloadSubtitleFromUrl({
+        outputDir: input.outputDir,
+        prefix: YOUTUBE_BATCH_PREFIX,
+        track,
+      });
+      results.set(track.id, download.path);
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  const outputTemplate = path.join(input.outputDir, `${YOUTUBE_BATCH_PREFIX}.%(ext)s`);
+  const includeAutoSubs =
+    input.mode === 'generate' || input.tracks.some((track) => track.kind === 'auto');
+  const includeManualSubs = input.tracks.some((track) => track.kind === 'manual');
+
+  const result = await runCaptureDetailed(
+    'yt-dlp',
+    buildDownloadArgs({
+      targetUrl: input.targetUrl,
+      outputTemplate,
+      sourceLanguages: input.tracks.map((track) => track.sourceLanguage),
+      includeAutoSubs,
+      includeManualSubs,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  const results = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const track of input.tracks) {
+    const subtitlePath = pickLatestSubtitleFileForLanguage(
+      input.outputDir,
+      YOUTUBE_BATCH_PREFIX,
+      track.sourceLanguage,
+    );
+    if (subtitlePath) {
+      results.set(track.id, subtitlePath);
+    }
+  }
+  if (results.size > 0) {
+    return results;
+  }
+  if (result.code !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(result.stderr.trim() || `yt-dlp exited with status ${result.code}`);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    `No subtitle file was downloaded for ${input.tracks.map((track) => track.sourceLanguage).join(',')}`,
+  );
+}
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/track-probe.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/track-probe.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { probeYoutubeTracks } from './track-probe';
+
+async function withTempDir<T>(fn: (dir: string) => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+  const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'subminer-youtube-track-probe-'));
+  try {
+    return await fn(dir);
+  } finally {
+    fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+function makeFakeYtDlpScript(dir: string, payload: unknown): void {
+  const scriptPath = path.join(dir, 'yt-dlp');
+  const script = `#!/usr/bin/env node
+process.stdout.write(${JSON.stringify(JSON.stringify(payload))});
+`;
+  fs.writeFileSync(scriptPath, script, 'utf8');
+  fs.chmodSync(scriptPath, 0o755);
+}
+
+async function withFakeYtDlp<T>(payload: unknown, fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+  return await withTempDir(async (root) => {
+    const binDir = path.join(root, 'bin');
+    fs.mkdirSync(binDir, { recursive: true });
+    makeFakeYtDlpScript(binDir, payload);
+    const originalPath = process.env.PATH ?? '';
+    process.env.PATH = `${binDir}${path.delimiter}${originalPath}`;
+    try {
+      return await fn();
+    } finally {
+      process.env.PATH = originalPath;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+test('probeYoutubeTracks prefers srv3 over vtt for automatic captions', async () => {
+  await withFakeYtDlp(
+    {
+      id: 'abc123',
+      title: 'Example',
+      automatic_captions: {
+        'ja-orig': [
+          { ext: 'vtt', url: 'https://example.com/ja.vtt', name: 'Japanese auto' },
+          { ext: 'srv3', url: 'https://example.com/ja.srv3', name: 'Japanese auto' },
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+    async () => {
+      const result = await probeYoutubeTracks('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123');
+      assert.equal(result.videoId, 'abc123');
+      assert.equal(result.tracks[0]?.downloadUrl, 'https://example.com/ja.srv3');
+      assert.equal(result.tracks[0]?.fileExtension, 'srv3');
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+test('probeYoutubeTracks keeps preferring srt for manual captions', async () => {
+  await withFakeYtDlp(
+    {
+      id: 'abc123',
+      title: 'Example',
+      subtitles: {
+        ja: [
+          { ext: 'srv3', url: 'https://example.com/ja.srv3', name: 'Japanese manual' },
+          { ext: 'srt', url: 'https://example.com/ja.srt', name: 'Japanese manual' },
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+    async () => {
+      const result = await probeYoutubeTracks('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abc123');
+      assert.equal(result.tracks[0]?.downloadUrl, 'https://example.com/ja.srt');
+      assert.equal(result.tracks[0]?.fileExtension, 'srt');
+    },
+  );
+});
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/track-probe.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/track-probe.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+import type { YoutubeTrackOption } from '../../../types';
+import {
+  formatYoutubeTrackLabel,
+  normalizeYoutubeLangCode,
+  type YoutubeTrackKind,
+} from './labels';
+
+export type YoutubeTrackProbeResult = {
+  videoId: string;
+  title: string;
+  tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[];
+};
+
+type YtDlpSubtitleEntry = Array<{ ext?: string; name?: string; url?: string }>;
+
+type YtDlpInfo = {
+  id?: string;
+  title?: string;
+  subtitles?: Record<string, YtDlpSubtitleEntry>;
+  automatic_captions?: Record<string, YtDlpSubtitleEntry>;
+};
+
+function runCapture(command: string, args: string[]): Promise<{ stdout: string; stderr: string }> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const proc = spawn(command, args, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+    let stdout = '';
+    let stderr = '';
+    proc.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stderr.setEncoding('utf8');
+    proc.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stdout += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stderr += String(chunk);
+    });
+    proc.once('error', reject);
+    proc.once('close', (code) => {
+      if (code === 0) {
+        resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+        return;
+      }
+      reject(new Error(stderr.trim() || `yt-dlp exited with status ${code ?? 'unknown'}`));
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function choosePreferredFormat(
+  formats: YtDlpSubtitleEntry,
+  kind: YoutubeTrackKind,
+): { ext: string; url: string; title?: string } | null {
+  const preferredOrder =
+    kind === 'auto'
+      ? ['srv3', 'srv2', 'srv1', 'vtt', 'srt', 'ttml', 'json3']
+      : ['srt', 'vtt', 'srv3', 'srv2', 'srv1', 'ttml', 'json3'];
+  for (const ext of preferredOrder) {
+    const match = formats.find(
+      (format) => typeof format.url === 'string' && format.url && format.ext === ext,
+    );
+    if (match?.url) {
+      return { ext, url: match.url, title: match.name?.trim() || undefined };
+    }
+  }
+
+  const fallback = formats.find((format) => typeof format.url === 'string' && format.url);
+  if (!fallback?.url) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ext: fallback.ext?.trim() || 'vtt',
+    url: fallback.url,
+    title: fallback.name?.trim() || undefined,
+  };
+}
+
+function toTracks(entries: Record<string, YtDlpSubtitleEntry> | undefined, kind: YoutubeTrackKind) {
+  const tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[] = [];
+  if (!entries) return tracks;
+  for (const [language, formats] of Object.entries(entries)) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(formats) || formats.length === 0) continue;
+    const preferredFormat = choosePreferredFormat(formats, kind);
+    if (!preferredFormat) continue;
+    const sourceLanguage = language.trim() || language;
+    const normalizedLanguage = normalizeYoutubeLangCode(sourceLanguage) || sourceLanguage;
+    const title = preferredFormat.title;
+    tracks.push({
+      id: `${kind}:${sourceLanguage}`,
+      language: normalizedLanguage,
+      sourceLanguage,
+      kind,
+      title,
+      label: formatYoutubeTrackLabel({ language: normalizedLanguage, kind, title }),
+      downloadUrl: preferredFormat.url,
+      fileExtension: preferredFormat.ext,
+    });
+  }
+  return tracks;
+}
+
+export type { YoutubeTrackOption };
+
+export async function probeYoutubeTracks(targetUrl: string): Promise<YoutubeTrackProbeResult> {
+  const { stdout } = await runCapture('yt-dlp', ['--dump-single-json', '--no-warnings', targetUrl]);
+  const info = JSON.parse(stdout) as YtDlpInfo;
+  const tracks = [...toTracks(info.subtitles, 'manual'), ...toTracks(info.automatic_captions, 'auto')];
+  return {
+    videoId: info.id || '',
+    title: info.title || '',
+    tracks,
+  };
+}
--- a/src/core/services/youtube/track-selection.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/youtube/track-selection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { isEnglishYoutubeLang, isJapaneseYoutubeLang } from './labels';
+import type { YoutubeTrackOption } from './track-probe';
+
+function pickTrack(
+  tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[],
+  matcher: (value: string) => boolean,
+  excludeId?: string,
+): YoutubeTrackOption | null {
+  const matching = tracks.filter((track) => matcher(track.language) && track.id !== excludeId);
+  return matching[0] ?? null;
+}
+
+export function chooseDefaultYoutubeTrackIds(
+  tracks: YoutubeTrackOption[],
+): { primaryTrackId: string | null; secondaryTrackId: string | null } {
+  const primary =
+    pickTrack(
+      tracks.filter((track) => track.kind === 'manual'),
+      isJapaneseYoutubeLang,
+    ) ||
+    pickTrack(
+      tracks.filter((track) => track.kind === 'auto'),
+      isJapaneseYoutubeLang,
+    ) ||
+    tracks.find((track) => track.kind === 'manual') ||
+    tracks[0] ||
+    null;
+
+  const secondary =
+    pickTrack(
+      tracks.filter((track) => track.kind === 'manual'),
+      isEnglishYoutubeLang,
+      primary?.id ?? undefined,
+    ) ||
+    pickTrack(
+      tracks.filter((track) => track.kind === 'auto'),
+      isEnglishYoutubeLang,
+      primary?.id ?? undefined,
+    ) ||
+    null;
+
+  return {
+    primaryTrackId: primary?.id ?? null,
+    secondaryTrackId: secondary?.id ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
+export function normalizeYoutubeTrackSelection(input: {
+  primaryTrackId: string | null;
+  secondaryTrackId: string | null;
+}): {
+  primaryTrackId: string | null;
+  secondaryTrackId: string | null;
+} {
+  if (input.primaryTrackId && input.secondaryTrackId && input.primaryTrackId === input.secondaryTrackId) {
+    return {
+      primaryTrackId: input.primaryTrackId,
+      secondaryTrackId: null,
+    };
+  }
+  return input;
+}
+