diff --git a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/__tests__/lexical-removal.test.ts b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/__tests__/lexical-removal.test.ts
index 33de22b2..7b927dc7 100644
--- a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/__tests__/lexical-removal.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/__tests__/lexical-removal.test.ts
@@ -232,6 +232,26 @@ for (const legacyRows of [false, true]) {
   });
 }
 
+test('deleting the earliest session moves first_seen even when the stored bound predates seen_ms', () => {
+  const { db, dbPath } = createDb([
+    { session: 1, wordId: 23, dayOffset: 0, msOffset: 400 },
+    { session: 2, wordId: 23, dayOffset: 5, msOffset: 400 },
+  ]);
+
+  try {
+    // first_seen is stamped when the line is queued (and older refreshes rounded
+    // it down), so it sits slightly before the occurrence's flush-time seen_ms.
+    db.prepare('UPDATE imm_words SET first_seen = ? WHERE id = 23').run(BASE_MS / 1000);
+
+    deleteSession(db, 1);
+
+    assert.equal(readWord(db, 23)?.firstSeen, (BASE_MS + 5 * DAY_MS + 400) / 1000);
+  } finally {
+    db.close();
+    cleanupDbPath(dbPath);
+  }
+});
+
 test('deleting an interior occurrence leaves the surrounding extremes untouched', () => {
   // Session 2 carries the middle occurrence; sessions bracket it in time.
   const { db, dbPath } = createDb([
diff --git a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.test.ts b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.test.ts
index 179544a3..c26c59a2 100644
--- a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.test.ts
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ test('re-seeing a filtered legacy word keeps charts consistent with the summary'
   }
 });
 
-test('lexical rollup rebuild repairs last_seen left pointing at deleted history', () => {
+test('lexical rollup rebuild repairs seen bounds left pointing at deleted history', () => {
   const db = createDb();
 
   try {
@@ -197,14 +197,15 @@ test('lexical rollup rebuild repairs last_seen left pointing at deleted history'
         .run(sessionId, videoId, BASE_MS, BASE_MS).lastInsertRowid,
     );
     const seen = (BASE_MS + 251) / 1000;
-    const stale = seen + 86_400.631;
+    const staleFirst = seen - 86_400.5;
+    const staleLast = seen + 86_400.631;
     db.prepare(
       `INSERT INTO imm_words(id, headword, word, reading, first_seen, last_seen, frequency)
        VALUES (1, '猫', '猫', 'ねこ', ?, ?, 1), (2, '犬', '犬', 'いぬ', ?, ?, 1)`,
-    ).run(seen, stale, seen - 0.1, seen - 0.1);
+    ).run(staleFirst, staleLast, seen - 0.1, seen - 0.1);
     db.prepare(
       `INSERT INTO imm_kanji(id, kanji, first_seen, last_seen, frequency) VALUES (1, '猫', ?, ?, 1)`,
-    ).run(seen, stale);
+    ).run(staleFirst, staleLast);
     db.prepare(
       `INSERT INTO imm_word_line_occurrences(line_id, word_id, occurrence_count, seen_ms)
        VALUES (?, 1, 1, ?), (?, 2, 1, ?)`,
@@ -216,14 +217,24 @@ test('lexical rollup rebuild repairs last_seen left pointing at deleted history'
 
     rebuildLexicalDailyRollups(db);
 
-    const lastSeen = (table: string): number[] =>
+    const bounds = (table: string): Array<[number, number]> =>
       (
-        db.prepare(`SELECT last_seen AS value FROM ${table} ORDER BY id`).all() as Array<{
-          value: number;
+        db
+          .prepare(`SELECT first_seen AS first, last_seen AS last FROM ${table} ORDER BY id`)
+          .all() as Array<{
+          first: number;
+          last: number;
         }>
-      ).map((row) => row.value);
-    assert.deepEqual(lastSeen('imm_words'), [seen, seen - 0.1], 'healthy rows are untouched');
-    assert.deepEqual(lastSeen('imm_kanji'), [seen]);
+      ).map((row) => [row.first, row.last]);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      bounds('imm_words'),
+      [
+        [seen, seen],
+        [seen - 0.1, seen - 0.1],
+      ],
+      'healthy rows within flush lag are untouched',
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(bounds('imm_kanji'), [[seen, seen]]);
   } finally {
     db.close();
   }
diff --git a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.ts b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.ts
index a09f5383..79e421a5 100644
--- a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/lexical-rollups.ts
@@ -19,32 +19,39 @@ const LOCAL_EPOCH_DAY_SQL = `
 `;
 
 // v3 re-derives visibility for rows a re-seen word forced visible and repairs
-// last_seen values left behind by session deletes.
+// first_seen/last_seen values left behind by session deletes.
 const LEXICAL_DAILY_ROLLUP_VERSION = '3';
 const LEXICAL_DAILY_ROLLUP_VERSION_KEY = 'lexical_daily_rollups_version';
 const VOCABULARY_VISIBILITY_SCAN_BATCH_SIZE = 5_000;
+// Healthy first_seen trails its oldest seen_ms only by queue-to-flush lag.
+const FIRST_SEEN_FLUSH_LAG_SLACK_SEC = 60;
 
 export function localEpochDaySql(value: string): string {
   return LOCAL_EPOCH_DAY_SQL.replaceAll('%VALUE%', value);
 }
 
-// Session deletes once rounded removed timestamps to whole seconds, missing
-// fractional last_seen extremes that pointed at deleted history. Healthy rows
-// never exceed their newest dated occurrence (seen_ms is stamped at flush, after
-// last_seen), so only stale rows match. Rows with undated occurrences are skipped.
-function repairStaleLastSeen(db: DatabaseSync): void {
+// Session deletes once compared rounded timestamps against stored bounds and
+// could leave first_seen/last_seen pointing at deleted history. Bounds are
+// stamped at queue time, before seen_ms is stamped at flush, so healthy rows
+// never exceed their newest occurrence and only trail their oldest by flush lag.
+// Rows with undated occurrences are skipped.
+function repairStaleSeenBounds(db: DatabaseSync): void {
   for (const [table, occurrenceTable, col] of [
     ['imm_words', 'imm_word_line_occurrences', 'word_id'],
     ['imm_kanji', 'imm_kanji_line_occurrences', 'kanji_id'],
   ] as const) {
-    const newestSeen = `(SELECT MAX(o.seen_ms) FROM ${occurrenceTable} o WHERE o.${col} = ${table}.id) / 1000.0`;
+    const seenSec = (fn: 'MIN' | 'MAX'): string =>
+      `(SELECT ${fn}(o.seen_ms) FROM ${occurrenceTable} o WHERE o.${col} = ${table}.id) / 1000.0`;
+    const hasNoUndated = `NOT EXISTS (
+      SELECT 1 FROM ${occurrenceTable} o WHERE o.${col} = ${table}.id AND o.seen_ms IS NULL
+    )`;
     db.exec(`
       UPDATE ${table}
-      SET last_seen = ${newestSeen}
-      WHERE last_seen > ${newestSeen}
-        AND NOT EXISTS (
-          SELECT 1 FROM ${occurrenceTable} o WHERE o.${col} = ${table}.id AND o.seen_ms IS NULL
-        )
+      SET first_seen = ${seenSec('MIN')}
+      WHERE first_seen < ${seenSec('MIN')} - ${FIRST_SEEN_FLUSH_LAG_SLACK_SEC} AND ${hasNoUndated};
+      UPDATE ${table}
+      SET last_seen = ${seenSec('MAX')}
+      WHERE last_seen > ${seenSec('MAX')} AND ${hasNoUndated};
     `);
   }
 }
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ export function rebuildLexicalDailyRollups(db: DatabaseSync): void {
       lastId = vocabularyRows[vocabularyRows.length - 1]!.id;
       if (vocabularyRows.length < VOCABULARY_VISIBILITY_SCAN_BATCH_SIZE) break;
     }
-    repairStaleLastSeen(db);
+    repairStaleSeenBounds(db);
     db.exec('DELETE FROM imm_lexical_daily_rollups');
     db.exec(`
       INSERT INTO imm_lexical_daily_rollups(epoch_day, word_count, word_count_without_names, kanji_count)
diff --git a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/query-shared.ts b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/query-shared.ts
index 78ecda16..8335f57f 100644
--- a/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/query-shared.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/immersion-tracker/query-shared.ts
@@ -382,11 +382,16 @@ function applyRemovalsForEntity(
       continue;
     }
 
-    const removedFirstSeen = toStoredSeenSeconds(removal.removedFirstSeenMs);
+    // Stored bounds are stamped when a line is queued, before its seen_ms is
+    // stamped at flush, and older refreshes rounded them down to whole seconds.
+    // So first_seen can sit just before the occurrence that produced it; decide
+    // against the surviving minimum instead. last_seen errs the safe way.
+    const minSeenMs = (minSeenStmt.get(removal.id) as { value: number | null }).value;
     const removedLastSeen = toStoredSeenSeconds(removal.removedLastSeenMs);
     const firstSeenMayHaveMoved =
       current.firstSeen === null ||
-      (removedFirstSeen !== null && removedFirstSeen <= current.firstSeen);
+      (removal.removedFirstSeenMs !== null &&
+        (minSeenMs === null || Number(removal.removedFirstSeenMs) <= Number(minSeenMs)));
     const lastSeenMayHaveMoved =
       current.lastSeen === null ||
       (removedLastSeen !== null && removedLastSeen >= current.lastSeen);
@@ -397,7 +402,6 @@ function applyRemovalsForEntity(
         needsExactRefresh.push(removal.id);
         continue;
       }
-      const minSeenMs = (minSeenStmt.get(removal.id) as { value: number | null }).value;
       const maxSeenMs = (maxSeenStmt.get(removal.id) as { value: number | null }).value;
       if (minSeenMs === null || maxSeenMs === null) {
         // Frequency says occurrences remain but none exist: stale row, let the