From bf4e5bb6097ae16d05f708ee2b34dcd8f3899fa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sudacode <suda@sudacode.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2026 21:55:28 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] feat(subtitles): generate Japanese subtitles during Jellyfin
 playback (#294)

* feat(subtitles): generate Japanese subtitles during Jellyfin playback

- Read the item's original file via toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl and write output to a temp dir
- Transcoded playback uses Jellyfin's audio index and only external references
- Show Jellyfin media by title and redact URL tokens in subprocess errors
- Update overlay copy, docs, and changelog fragment

* fix(subtitles): redact full stream tokens and reuse one Jellyfin output folder

* test(subtitles): make Jellyfin output path assertions platform-neutral

- Compare dirname/basename via node:path instead of POSIX-only regexes
- Assert the full sub-add command uses the generated output path
---
 changes/jellyfin-subtitle-generation.md       |   4 +
 docs-site/jellyfin-integration.md             |   2 +
 docs-site/subtitle-generation.md              |   6 +-
 docs/architecture/README.md                   |   2 +-
 src/core/services/index.ts                    |   1 +
 src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts            |  24 +++++
 src/core/services/jellyfin.ts                 |  23 ++++
 .../services/subtitle-generation-process.ts   |  11 +-
 src/core/services/subtitle-generation.test.ts |  28 ++++-
 src/core/services/subtitle-generation.ts      |   9 +-
 src/main.ts                                   |  12 +++
 .../subtitle-generation-runtime.test.ts       | 100 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts    |  93 +++++++++++++---
 src/renderer/modals/subtitle-generation.ts    |   5 +-
 14 files changed, 295 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 changes/jellyfin-subtitle-generation.md

diff --git a/changes/jellyfin-subtitle-generation.md b/changes/jellyfin-subtitle-generation.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40880547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/jellyfin-subtitle-generation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+type: added
+area: subtitles
+
+- Japanese subtitle generation now works while playing a Jellyfin episode. SubMiner reads the original file from the server, saves the subtitles to a cache folder, and loads them into mpv. Direct-play and transcoded playback are both supported.
diff --git a/docs-site/jellyfin-integration.md b/docs-site/jellyfin-integration.md
index 8bf4424d..b0904307 100644
--- a/docs-site/jellyfin-integration.md
+++ b/docs-site/jellyfin-integration.md
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ SubMiner starts mpv if it is not already running. Pause, seek, stop, and track c
 
 SubMiner selects a Japanese subtitle track automatically and resets mpv's subtitle delay to zero. It direct-plays files when it can and asks Jellyfin to transcode the rest.
 
+If an episode has no Japanese subtitles, you can [generate them with Whisper](/subtitle-generation#generating-from-the-overlay) while it plays.
+
 On Windows, casting finds mpv through `mpv.executablePath`, then `SUBMINER_MPV_PATH`, then `PATH`. An invalid `mpv.executablePath` stops mpv from starting.
 
 ## Playing from the terminal
diff --git a/docs-site/subtitle-generation.md b/docs-site/subtitle-generation.md
index 3447d13f..e69fde2a 100644
--- a/docs-site/subtitle-generation.md
+++ b/docs-site/subtitle-generation.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The modal's **Local tools** section lists anything missing. After you install a
 
 ## Generating from the overlay
 
-1. Open a local video in mpv and select its Japanese audio track, or play a YouTube video.
+1. Open a local video in mpv and select its Japanese audio track, or play a Jellyfin or YouTube video.
 2. Press `Ctrl+Shift+G`. If the subtitle sidebar is empty, its **Generate Japanese subtitles** button opens the same modal.
 3. Pick a model and download it if needed.
 4. Optionally check **Focus on spoken dialogue** (see below).
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ The modal shows progress. **Cancel** stops the job. Closing the modal lets the j
 
 SubMiner saves `<video>.ja.generated.srt` next to the video and adds a number if that name is taken. If the same file is still playing, it loads the subtitles and resets the subtitle delay.
 
+For a Jellyfin video, SubMiner reads the original file from your server and saves the subtitles to `~/.cache/subminer/generated-subs/`, since a stream has no folder of its own. Each Jellyfin generation replaces the previous file there. Playback keeps going while it works. If Jellyfin is transcoding, SubMiner transcribes the audio track that playback started with.
+
 For a YouTube video, SubMiner downloads its audio first and pauses the video until the subtitles load. The subtitles are temporary, and the audio is deleted when generation ends or you switch videos. See [YouTube integration](/youtube-integration#generate-subtitles-with-whisper).
 
 Change the shortcut with `shortcuts.openSubtitleGeneration`.
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ subminer generate-subs episode.mkv --model-path /path/to/ggml-small.bin
 | `--audio-stream <index>` | Pick an audio stream by its absolute FFmpeg index             |
 | `--output <path>`        | Write to this SRT path. Existing files are never overwritten. |
 
-With a file argument, SubMiner uses the audio stream tagged Japanese, or the first stream. `Ctrl+C` cancels.
+With a file argument, SubMiner uses the audio stream tagged Japanese, or the first stream. `Ctrl+C` cancels. The launcher only works with local files. Use the overlay for Jellyfin and YouTube.
 
 ## Choosing a model
 
diff --git a/docs/architecture/README.md b/docs/architecture/README.md
index 58eb074b..63be066d 100644
--- a/docs/architecture/README.md
+++ b/docs/architecture/README.md
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Update checks and startup launcher migration share a serialized update-state sto
 - `src/main/boot/` owns boot-phase assembly seams so `src/main.ts` can stay focused on lifecycle coordination and startup-path selection.
 - `src/main/runtime/linux-overlay-mode-runtime.ts` owns Linux fullscreen mode state and window replacement. App cleanup cancels pending replacements; `main.ts` supplies window creation and subtitle refresh hooks.
 - `src/core/services/` owns focused runtime services plus pure or side-effect-bounded logic.
-- `src/core/services/subtitle-generation*.ts` shares local whisper.cpp transcription, safe model downloads, and progress between the launcher and Electron. Optional dialogue mode retains both Silero-detected speech and other audible sections, omits confidently silent gaps, decodes passages independently, and restores original media timing. `src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts` owns the overlay job lifecycle and only loads completed subtitles into the same local media; `src/shared/subtitle-generation*.ts` owns configuration, the multilingual model catalog, and IPC contracts. The overlay runtime retains a session model selection, validates picker requests through IPC, and keeps external model paths authoritative.
+- `src/core/services/subtitle-generation*.ts` shares local whisper.cpp transcription, safe model downloads, and progress between the launcher and Electron. Optional dialogue mode retains both Silero-detected speech and other audible sections, omits confidently silent gaps, decodes passages independently, and restores original media timing. `src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts` owns the overlay job lifecycle and only loads completed subtitles into the same media. For Jellyfin playback it reads the item's original-file stream (`toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl`) into one reused output folder, where each run best-effort deletes earlier files and writes a uniquely named SRT; transcoded playback uses Jellyfin's audio index and only external references, since mpv's track indexes describe the transcode. Subprocess errors redact URL tokens; `src/shared/subtitle-generation*.ts` owns configuration, the multilingual model catalog, and IPC contracts. The overlay runtime retains a session model selection, validates picker requests through IPC, and keeps external model paths authoritative.
 - Subtitle model recommendations use bounded `nvidia-smi` and Whisper CUDA discovery probes in `subtitle-generation-acceleration.ts`. The overlay runtime caches results by executable path for 30 seconds and exposes acceleration status through the existing status IPC. Recommendations do not alter model selection or transcription arguments.
 - `subtitle-generation-reference.ts` ranks mpv's loaded text subtitle tracks, excludes signs/songs and forced references, and extracts timing hints with FFmpeg. The overlay and launcher snapshot references only for matching media, including active subtitle delays. Hints guide long-passage cuts with or without VAD; they never limit audio coverage or replace Whisper timestamps.
 - `src/main/runtime/subtitle-selection.ts` reads and validates mpv subtitle tracks and applies primary/secondary selections. Its opt-in session shortcut opens the shared overlay modal window, with renderer focus and subtitle suppression handled by the modal registry.
diff --git a/src/core/services/index.ts b/src/core/services/index.ts
index 972c8ed9..c184fe21 100644
--- a/src/core/services/index.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/index.ts
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ export {
   listSubtitleTracks as listJellyfinSubtitleTracksRuntime,
   resolvePlaybackPlan as resolveJellyfinPlaybackPlanRuntime,
   ticksToSeconds as jellyfinTicksToSecondsRuntime,
+  toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl,
 } from './jellyfin';
 export { JellyfinRemoteSessionService } from './jellyfin-remote';
 export {
diff --git a/src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts b/src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts
index 301f109d..f0f0f533 100644
--- a/src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   listSubtitleTracks,
   resolvePlaybackPlan,
   ticksToSeconds,
+  toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl,
 } from './jellyfin';
 
 const clientInfo = {
@@ -862,3 +863,26 @@ test('resolvePlaybackPlan replaces a legacy api_key on the server transcoding ur
     globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   }
 });
+
+test('toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl maps direct and transcoded playback to the original file', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl(
+      'https://media.example/jf/videos/item-1/master.m3u8?ApiKey=token&MediaSourceId=src&VideoCodec=h264&StartTimeTicks=9',
+      'item-1',
+    ),
+    'https://media.example/jf/Videos/item-1/stream?static=true&ApiKey=token&MediaSourceId=src',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl(
+      'http://jf.local:8096/Videos/item-1/stream?static=true&api_key=legacy&AudioStreamIndex=2',
+      'item-1',
+    ),
+    'http://jf.local:8096/Videos/item-1/stream?static=true&ApiKey=legacy',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl('https://jf/Videos/other/stream?ApiKey=token', 'item-1'),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl('https://jf/Videos/item-1/stream', 'item-1'), null);
+  assert.equal(toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl('/media/item-1.mkv', 'item-1'), null);
+});
diff --git a/src/core/services/jellyfin.ts b/src/core/services/jellyfin.ts
index 2d421287..2db56d87 100644
--- a/src/core/services/jellyfin.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/jellyfin.ts
@@ -254,6 +254,29 @@ function createDirectPlayUrl(
   return `${session.serverUrl}/Videos/${itemId}/stream?${query.toString()}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Maps a playing stream URL of `itemId`, direct or transcoded, to its original file. Returns null
+ * when the URL is not that item's stream or carries no access token.
+ */
+export function toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl(playbackUrl: string, itemId: string): string | null {
+  let url: URL;
+  try {
+    url = new URL(playbackUrl);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const at = url.pathname.toLowerCase().indexOf(`/videos/${itemId.toLowerCase()}/`);
+  if (!/^https?:$/.test(url.protocol) || !itemId || at < 0) return null;
+  const param = (pattern: RegExp) =>
+    [...url.searchParams].find(([key, value]) => pattern.test(key) && value)?.[1];
+  const accessToken = param(/^api_?key$/i);
+  if (!accessToken) return null;
+  const query = new URLSearchParams({ static: 'true', ApiKey: accessToken });
+  const mediaSourceId = param(/^mediasourceid$/i);
+  if (mediaSourceId) query.set('MediaSourceId', mediaSourceId);
+  return `${url.origin}${url.pathname.slice(0, at)}/Videos/${itemId}/stream?${query.toString()}`;
+}
+
 function createTranscodeUrl(
   session: JellyfinAuthSession,
   itemId: string,
diff --git a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation-process.ts b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation-process.ts
index 79211863..fd906ac1 100644
--- a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation-process.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation-process.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ import { expandSubtitleGenerationPath } from './subtitle-generation-files';
 
 const OUTPUT_LIMIT = 64 * 1024;
 
+// ffmpeg echoes input URLs in its errors; streamed media carries access tokens in the query.
+function redactUrlCredentials(text: string): string {
+  return text.replace(/([?&](?:api_?key|token|access_token)=)[^&#\s'"]+/gi, '$1<redacted>');
+}
+
 // Keep partial lines between chunks: ffmpeg and whisper both report progress on stderr.
 export function runSubtitleGenerationProcess(input: {
   command: string;
@@ -63,7 +68,11 @@ export function runSubtitleGenerationProcess(input: {
       cleanup();
       if (input.signal?.aborted) reject(new Error('Subtitle generation cancelled.'));
       else if (code !== 0) {
-        reject(new Error(`${input.command} exited with status ${code}: ${stderr.trim()}`));
+        reject(
+          new Error(
+            `${input.command} exited with status ${code}: ${redactUrlCredentials(stderr.trim())}`,
+          ),
+        );
       } else resolve(stdout);
     });
   });
diff --git a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.test.ts b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.test.ts
index a3c40a45..7bae2a3d 100644
--- a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.test.ts
@@ -378,7 +378,22 @@ test('empty executable paths find tools on PATH and explicit overrides take prec
     }
   }));
 
-test('generation rejects remote media, missing models, and missing tools before starting a subprocess', () =>
+test('generation reads an HTTP stream as-is and saves to the requested output', () =>
+  fixture(async (directory) => {
+    const input = await generationFixture(directory);
+    const mediaPath = 'https://jellyfin.example/Videos/item/stream?static=true&ApiKey=secret';
+    const outputPath = path.join(directory, 'out', 'stream.ja.srt');
+    await mkdir(path.dirname(outputPath));
+    assert.equal(await generateJapaneseSubtitles({ ...input, mediaPath, outputPath }), outputPath);
+    const calls: string[][] = (await readFile(input.callsPath, 'utf8'))
+      .trim()
+      .split('\n')
+      .map((line) => JSON.parse(line));
+    assert.equal(calls[0]?.at(-1), mediaPath);
+    assert.equal(calls[1]?.[calls[1].indexOf('-i') + 1], mediaPath);
+  }));
+
+test('generation rejects remote media without an output path, missing models, and missing tools before starting a subprocess', () =>
   fixture(async (directory) => {
     const input = await generationFixture(directory);
     await assert.rejects(
@@ -473,6 +488,17 @@ test('process cancellation terminates work and bounds diagnostic output', () =>
         error.message.length < 66000 &&
         error.message.includes('status 7'),
     );
+    const unauthorized = await executable(
+      directory,
+      'unauthorized',
+      "process.stderr.write('https://host/Videos/1/stream?ApiKey=se+cr/et==&static=true: Server returned 401');process.exitCode=1;",
+    );
+    await assert.rejects(
+      runSubtitleGenerationProcess({ command: unauthorized, args: [] }),
+      (error: unknown) =>
+        error instanceof Error &&
+        error.message.includes('?ApiKey=<redacted>&static=true: Server returned 401'),
+    );
   }));
 
 test('download uses the pinned model revision and removes files that fail integrity', () =>
diff --git a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.ts b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.ts
index de3e2a5f..826dfb76 100644
--- a/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/subtitle-generation.ts
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ export async function requireSubtitleGenerationSetup(
 export async function generateJapaneseSubtitles(input: {
   config: SubtitleGenerationConfig;
   modelDirectory: string;
+  /** A local file, or an http(s) stream when `outputPath` is set. */
   mediaPath: string;
   audioStreamIndex?: number;
   references?: readonly SubtitleGenerationReference[];
@@ -201,10 +202,12 @@ export async function generateJapaneseSubtitles(input: {
   signal?: AbortSignal;
 }): Promise<string> {
   input.signal?.throwIfAborted();
-  if (/^[a-z][a-z\d+.-]*:\/\//i.test(input.mediaPath))
+  // HTTP streams are read by ffmpeg directly but have no directory to save beside.
+  const remote = /^https?:\/\//i.test(input.mediaPath);
+  if (remote ? !input.outputPath : /^[a-z][a-z\d+.-]*:\/\//i.test(input.mediaPath))
     throw new Error('Subtitle generation requires a local media file.');
-  const mediaPath = path.resolve(input.mediaPath);
-  if (!(await stat(mediaPath)).isFile())
+  const mediaPath = remote ? input.mediaPath : path.resolve(input.mediaPath);
+  if (!remote && !(await stat(mediaPath)).isFile())
     throw new Error('Subtitle generation requires a local media file.');
   if (input.outputPath) await ensureAvailableOutput(path.resolve(input.outputPath));
   await ensureWritableDirectory(
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index 3242d719..5d10fe8a 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ import {
   replayCurrentSubtitleRuntime,
   resolveSanitizedSubtitleSeekCommand,
   resolveJellyfinPlaybackPlanRuntime,
+  toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl,
   runStartupBootstrapRuntime,
   saveSubtitlePosition as saveSubtitlePositionCore,
   clearYomitanParserCachesForWindow,
@@ -6723,6 +6724,17 @@ const subtitleGenerationRuntime = createSubtitleGenerationRuntime({
     }),
   resolveYoutubeSourceUrl: (mediaPath) =>
     youtubePlaybackRuntime.getYoutubeSourceUrlForStream(mediaPath),
+  resolveJellyfinMedia: (mediaPath) => {
+    const playback = activeJellyfinRemotePlayback;
+    const sourceUrl = playback && toJellyfinOriginalStreamUrl(mediaPath, playback.itemId);
+    return sourceUrl
+      ? {
+          sourceUrl,
+          transcoded: playback.playMethod === 'Transcode',
+          audioStreamIndex: playback.audioStreamIndex ?? null,
+        }
+      : null;
+  },
   getMpvClient: () => appState.mpvClient,
   onProgress: (progress) => {
     for (const window of [overlayManager.getMainWindow(), overlayManager.getModalWindow()]) {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.test.ts
index 08efdee8..e9818f40 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import path from 'node:path';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import { DEFAULT_SUBTITLE_GENERATION_CONFIG } from '../../shared/subtitle-generation';
 import {
   createSubtitleGenerationRuntime,
+  type SubtitleGenerationJellyfinMedia,
   type SubtitleGenerationRuntimeDeps,
 } from './subtitle-generation-runtime';
 
@@ -506,3 +508,101 @@ test('switching to another resolved YouTube stream cancels the modal job', async
 
   assert.deepEqual(await job, { ok: false, message: 'Cancelled.' });
 });
+
+function jellyfinFixture(
+  jellyfin: Omit<SubtitleGenerationJellyfinMedia, 'sourceUrl'>,
+  overrides: Partial<SubtitleGenerationRuntimeDeps> = {},
+) {
+  const playing = 'https://jf.example/Videos/item/master.m3u8?ApiKey=secret';
+  const subject = fixture({
+    resolveJellyfinMedia: (mediaPath) =>
+      mediaPath === playing
+        ? {
+            sourceUrl: 'https://jf.example/Videos/item/stream?static=true&ApiKey=secret',
+            ...jellyfin,
+          }
+        : null,
+    createStreamOutputDirectory: async () => '/tmp/generated',
+    ...overrides,
+  });
+  subject.client.requestProperty = async (name) =>
+    name === 'path'
+      ? playing
+      : name === 'media-title'
+        ? 'Show S01E02'
+        : name === 'track-list'
+          ? [
+              { type: 'audio', selected: true, 'ff-index': 0 },
+              { type: 'sub', lang: 'eng', title: 'English Full', 'ff-index': 4 },
+              {
+                type: 'sub',
+                lang: 'eng',
+                title: 'English',
+                external: true,
+                'external-filename': '/tmp/jellyfin-subs/track-5.srt',
+              },
+            ]
+          : null;
+  return subject;
+}
+
+test('a direct-play Jellyfin stream generates from its original file and shows by title', async () => {
+  let outputPath = '';
+  const subject = jellyfinFixture(
+    { transcoded: false, audioStreamIndex: 2 },
+    {
+      generate: async (input) => {
+        assert.equal(
+          input.mediaPath,
+          'https://jf.example/Videos/item/stream?static=true&ApiKey=secret',
+        );
+        outputPath = input.outputPath ?? '';
+        assert.equal(path.dirname(outputPath), path.join('/tmp', 'generated'));
+        assert.match(path.basename(outputPath), /^jellyfin-\d+\.ja\.generated\.srt$/);
+        assert.equal(input.audioStreamIndex, 0);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          input.references?.map((reference) => reference.source.kind),
+          ['embedded', 'external'],
+        );
+        return outputPath;
+      },
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal((await subject.runtime.getStatus()).mediaPath, 'Jellyfin: Show S01E02');
+  assert.equal((await subject.runtime.start()).ok, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(subject.commands[0], [
+    'sub-add',
+    outputPath,
+    'select',
+    'Generated Japanese',
+    'ja',
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('a transcoded Jellyfin stream uses the Jellyfin audio index and only external references', async () => {
+  const subject = jellyfinFixture(
+    { transcoded: true, audioStreamIndex: 2 },
+    {
+      generate: async (input) => {
+        assert.equal(input.audioStreamIndex, 2);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          input.references?.map((reference) => reference.source.kind),
+          ['external'],
+        );
+        return '/tmp/generated/jellyfin.ja.generated.srt';
+      },
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal((await subject.runtime.start()).ok, true);
+});
+
+test('unrecognized streams cannot generate', async () => {
+  const subject = jellyfinFixture(
+    { transcoded: false, audioStreamIndex: null },
+    { resolveJellyfinMedia: () => null },
+  );
+  assert.equal((await subject.runtime.getStatus()).mediaPath, null);
+  const result = await subject.runtime.start();
+  assert.equal(result.ok, false);
+  assert.match(result.message, /Jellyfin stream/);
+});
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts b/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts
index fe87a119..256c249a 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/subtitle-generation-runtime.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { mkdir, readdir, rm } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { homedir } from 'node:os';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { readSubtitleGenerationReferences } from '../../core/services/subtitle-generation-reference';
 import { detectSubtitleGenerationAcceleration } from '../../core/services/subtitle-generation-acceleration';
@@ -29,6 +31,22 @@ interface GenerationMpvClient {
   request: (command: unknown[]) => Promise<{ error?: string }>;
 }
 
+/** A Jellyfin stream playing in mpv, as subtitle generation reads it. */
+export interface SubtitleGenerationJellyfinMedia {
+  /** The item's original file. It carries the access token, so it never reaches status text. */
+  sourceUrl: string;
+  /**
+   * Transcoded playback has its own stream layout, so mpv's track indexes do not address the
+   * original file. Generation then uses Jellyfin's audio index and skips embedded references.
+   */
+  transcoded: boolean;
+  audioStreamIndex: number | null;
+}
+
+type GenerationMedia =
+  | { kind: 'local'; path: string }
+  | { kind: 'jellyfin'; path: string; jellyfin: SubtitleGenerationJellyfinMedia };
+
 export interface SubtitleGenerationRuntimeDeps {
   getConfig: () => SubtitleGenerationConfig;
   getModelDirectory: () => string;
@@ -56,11 +74,27 @@ export interface SubtitleGenerationRuntimeDeps {
    * resolved direct stream in mpv, so mpv's path alone does not identify the video.
    */
   resolveYoutubeSourceUrl?: (mediaPath: string) => string | null;
+  /** Identifies mpv's path as Jellyfin playback. Without it, streams cannot generate. */
+  resolveJellyfinMedia?: (mediaPath: string) => SubtitleGenerationJellyfinMedia | null;
+  /**
+   * Directory for subtitles of streamed media, which has no folder of its own. Called once per
+   * stream generation, so it may delete what an earlier run wrote there.
+   */
+  createStreamOutputDirectory?: () => Promise<string>;
 }
 
-async function currentLocalMedia(client: GenerationMpvClient | null): Promise<string | null> {
-  if (!client?.connected) return null;
-  const media = await client.requestProperty('path');
+// One reused folder keeps stream subtitles from piling up: each run deletes earlier files.
+// mpv has already parsed a loaded track, and a file still locked (Windows) waits for a later run.
+async function reuseStreamOutputDirectory(): Promise<string> {
+  const directory = path.join(homedir(), '.cache', 'subminer', 'generated-subs');
+  await mkdir(directory, { recursive: true });
+  for (const name of await readdir(directory))
+    await rm(path.join(directory, name), { recursive: true, force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
+  return directory;
+}
+
+// Resolves mpv's `path` value to an absolute local file, or null for URLs.
+async function localMediaPath(client: GenerationMpvClient, media: unknown): Promise<string | null> {
   if (typeof media !== 'string' || !media || /^[a-z][a-z\d+.-]*:\/\//i.test(media)) return null;
   if (path.isAbsolute(media)) return path.normalize(media);
   const directory = await client.requestProperty('working-directory');
@@ -139,6 +173,22 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationRuntime(deps: SubtitleGenerationRuntimeD
   function youtubeSource(mediaPath: string | null | undefined): string | null | undefined {
     return (mediaPath && deps.resolveYoutubeSourceUrl?.(mediaPath)) || mediaPath;
   }
+  async function currentMedia(client: GenerationMpvClient | null): Promise<GenerationMedia | null> {
+    if (!client?.connected) return null;
+    const media = await client.requestProperty('path');
+    if (typeof media === 'string' && /^https?:\/\//i.test(media)) {
+      const jellyfin = deps.resolveJellyfinMedia?.(media);
+      return jellyfin ? { kind: 'jellyfin', path: media, jellyfin } : null;
+    }
+    const local = await localMediaPath(client, media);
+    return local ? { kind: 'local', path: local } : null;
+  }
+  // Stream URLs carry access tokens, so Jellyfin media shows by title.
+  async function describeMedia(client: GenerationMpvClient, media: GenerationMedia) {
+    if (media.kind === 'local') return media.path;
+    const title = await client.requestProperty('media-title').catch(() => null);
+    return `Jellyfin: ${typeof title === 'string' && title.trim() ? title.trim() : 'current item'}`;
+  }
   async function currentYoutubeMedia(client: GenerationMpvClient | null): Promise<string | null> {
     if (!client?.connected) return null;
     const media = await client.requestProperty('path');
@@ -196,9 +246,10 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationRuntime(deps: SubtitleGenerationRuntimeD
       deps.getModelDirectory(),
     );
     const client = deps.getMpvClient();
+    const media = client ? await currentMedia(client).catch(() => null) : null;
     const mediaPath =
       youtubeJobUrl ??
-      (await currentLocalMedia(client).catch(() => null)) ??
+      (client && media ? await describeMedia(client, media) : null) ??
       (deps.generateYoutube ? await currentYoutubeMedia(client).catch(() => null) : null);
     return {
       model,
@@ -350,21 +401,33 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationRuntime(deps: SubtitleGenerationRuntimeD
         const youtubeUrl = deps.generateYoutube ? await currentYoutubeMedia(client) : null;
         if (client && youtubeUrl && deps.generateYoutube)
           return await startYoutube(client, youtubeUrl, config, signal, deps.generateYoutube);
-        const mediaPath = await currentLocalMedia(client);
-        if (!client || !mediaPath)
-          throw new Error('Open a local video or audio file, or a YouTube video, in mpv first.');
+        const media = await currentMedia(client);
+        if (!client || !media)
+          throw new Error(
+            'Open a local video or audio file, a Jellyfin stream, or a YouTube video in mpv first.',
+          );
         const tracks = await client.requestProperty('track-list');
-        const audioStreamIndex = selectedAudioIndex(tracks);
-        const references = await readSubtitleGenerationReferences(tracks, (name) =>
-          client.requestProperty(name),
-        );
-        if ((await currentLocalMedia(client)) !== mediaPath)
+        const transcoded = media.kind === 'jellyfin' && media.jellyfin.transcoded;
+        const audioStreamIndex = transcoded
+          ? (media.jellyfin.audioStreamIndex ?? undefined)
+          : selectedAudioIndex(tracks);
+        const references = (
+          await readSubtitleGenerationReferences(tracks, (name) => client.requestProperty(name))
+        ).filter((reference) => !transcoded || reference.source.kind === 'external');
+        if ((await currentMedia(client))?.path !== media.path)
           throw new Error('The current media changed. Start generation again.');
         signal.throwIfAborted();
         const outputPath = await (deps.generate ?? generateJapaneseSubtitles)({
           config,
           modelDirectory: deps.getModelDirectory(),
-          mediaPath,
+          mediaPath: media.kind === 'jellyfin' ? media.jellyfin.sourceUrl : media.path,
+          outputPath:
+            media.kind === 'jellyfin'
+              ? path.join(
+                  await (deps.createStreamOutputDirectory ?? reuseStreamOutputDirectory)(),
+                  `jellyfin-${Date.now()}.ja.generated.srt`,
+                )
+              : undefined,
           audioStreamIndex,
           references,
           onProgress: report,
@@ -372,8 +435,8 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationRuntime(deps: SubtitleGenerationRuntimeD
         });
         // Saving succeeds even if playback changes or disconnects during the job.
         try {
-          const playingMedia = await currentLocalMedia(client);
-          if (!signal.aborted && deps.getMpvClient() === client && playingMedia === mediaPath) {
+          const playingMedia = (await currentMedia(client))?.path;
+          if (!signal.aborted && deps.getMpvClient() === client && playingMedia === media.path) {
             await loadGeneratedSubtitles(client, outputPath);
             return {
               ok: true,
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/subtitle-generation.ts b/src/renderer/modals/subtitle-generation.ts
index f8e769e5..f4fd7eae 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/subtitle-generation.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/subtitle-generation.ts
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationModal(
     const vad = snapshot ? describeGenerationVad(snapshot.vad) : null;
     const tools = snapshot ? describeGenerationTools(snapshot.tools) : null;
     const readyMessage = !snapshot?.mediaPath
-      ? 'Open a local file or a YouTube video to generate subtitles.'
+      ? 'Open a local file, a Jellyfin stream, or a YouTube video to generate subtitles.'
       : !tools?.ready
         ? 'Install the missing tools or set their paths in Settings, then click Check again.'
         : !model?.ready
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ export function createSubtitleGenerationModal(
             ? 'Download the speech detection model or uncheck Focus on spoken dialogue.'
             : 'Ready when you are.';
     dom.media.textContent =
-      snapshot?.mediaPath ?? 'Open a local file or a YouTube video in the player first.';
+      snapshot?.mediaPath ??
+      'Open a local file, a Jellyfin stream, or a YouTube video in the player first.';
     dom.tools.textContent = tools?.text ?? 'Checking local tools...';
     dom.model.textContent = model?.text ?? 'Checking local models...';
     dom.modelPicker.classList.toggle('hidden', !snapshot || Boolean(snapshot.externalModelPath));