refactor(tokenizer): split pipeline into explicit stages

backlog/tasks/task-77 - Split-tokenizer-pipeline-into-parser-selection-enrichment-and-annotation-stages.md

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 ---
 id: TASK-77
-title: Split tokenizer pipeline into parser selection enrichment and annotation stages
+title: >-
-status: To Do
+  Split tokenizer pipeline into parser selection enrichment and annotation
-assignee: []
+  stages
+status: Done
+assignee:
+  - '@opencode'
 created_date: '2026-02-18 11:43'
-updated_date: '2026-02-18 11:43'
+updated_date: '2026-02-21 23:47'
 labels:
   - tokenizer
   - subtitles
@@ -40,15 +43,43 @@ priority: high
 
 ## Acceptance Criteria
 <!-- AC:BEGIN -->
-- [ ] #1 Tokenizer code is split into explicit stages with narrow interfaces
+- [x] #1 Tokenizer code is split into explicit stages with narrow interfaces
-- [ ] #2 Candidate selection logic is pure + directly testable
+- [x] #2 Candidate selection logic is pure + directly testable
-- [ ] #3 Parser lifecycle concerns are separated from annotation passes
+- [x] #3 Parser lifecycle concerns are separated from annotation passes
-- [ ] #4 Existing tokenization behavior preserved in regression tests
+- [x] #4 Existing tokenization behavior preserved in regression tests
 <!-- AC:END -->
 
+## Implementation Plan
+
+<!-- SECTION:PLAN:BEGIN -->
+1. Extract pure parser-selection stage from `src/core/services/tokenizer.ts` into `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.ts` (parse-result mapping + candidate scoring/selection) and add direct stage tests for source preference/tie-break scoring.
+2. Extract MeCab POS1 enrichment stage into `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.ts` with direct tests for overlap and surface-sequence fallback behavior.
+3. Extract annotation stage into `src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.ts` to handle known-word/frequency/JLPT/N+1 passes behind a narrow API, with new stage-level tests.
+4. Separate parser window/runtime lifecycle into `src/core/services/tokenizer/yomitan-parser-runtime.ts`, keep `tokenizer.ts` as thin orchestrator, run tokenizer + core src/dist gates, then finalize TASK-77 AC/DoD evidence in Backlog MCP.
+<!-- SECTION:PLAN:END -->
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+<!-- SECTION:NOTES:BEGIN -->
+2026-02-21: started execution pass in current session; loaded Backlog context and tokenizer module/tests before drafting implementation plan via writing-plans skill.
+
+Implemented tokenizer pipeline split with new stage modules: `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.ts`, `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.ts`, `src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.ts`, and parser lifecycle runtime in `src/core/services/tokenizer/yomitan-parser-runtime.ts`; reduced `src/core/services/tokenizer.ts` to orchestration facade over stages.
+
+Added direct stage-level tests: `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.test.ts`, `src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.test.ts`, and `src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.test.ts`, and wired them into `test:core:src` + `test:core:dist` scripts in `package.json`.
+
+Verification: `bun test src/core/services/tokenizer.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.test.ts` PASS (53/53); `bun run test:core:src` PASS (219 pass, 6 skip); `bun run build` PASS; `bun run test:core:dist` PASS (214 pass, 10 skip).
+<!-- SECTION:NOTES:END -->
+
+## Final Summary
+
+<!-- SECTION:FINAL_SUMMARY:BEGIN -->
+Split tokenizer internals into explicit stages while preserving external behavior: parser candidate mapping/selection moved to `parser-selection-stage`, MeCab POS1 enrichment moved to `parser-enrichment-stage`, post-token annotation (known-word, frequency, JLPT, N+1) moved to `annotation-stage`, and Yomitan parser window lifecycle isolated in `yomitan-parser-runtime`. `src/core/services/tokenizer.ts` now acts as a thin orchestrator that normalizes subtitle text, requests parser output, runs stage pipeline, and handles MeCab fallback.
+
+Added direct stage-level tests for scoring/selection and annotation semantics (`parser-selection-stage.test.ts`, `parser-enrichment-stage.test.ts`, `annotation-stage.test.ts`) and included them in both source and dist core test lanes via `package.json`. Validation passed across targeted tokenizer tests plus full core gates (`test:core:src`, `build`, `test:core:dist`) with no tokenizer regression.
+<!-- SECTION:FINAL_SUMMARY:END -->
+
 ## Definition of Done
 <!-- DOD:BEGIN -->
-- [ ] #1 Tokenizer-related test suites pass
+- [x] #1 Tokenizer-related test suites pass
-- [ ] #2 New stage-level tests exist for scoring and annotation
+- [x] #2 New stage-level tests exist for scoring and annotation
 <!-- DOD:END -->
-

package.json

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
     "test:config:dist": "node --test dist/config/config.test.js dist/config/path-resolution.test.js dist/config/resolve/anki-connect.test.js dist/config/resolve/subtitle-style.test.js dist/config/resolve/jellyfin.test.js",
     "test:config:smoke:dist": "node --test dist/config/path-resolution.test.js",
     "test:launcher:src": "bun test launcher/config.test.ts launcher/parse-args.test.ts launcher/main.test.ts",
-    "test:core:src": "bun test src/cli/args.test.ts src/cli/help.test.ts src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts src/core/services/numeric-shortcut-session.test.ts src/core/services/secondary-subtitle.test.ts src/core/services/mpv-render-metrics.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts src/core/services/mpv-control.test.ts src/core/services/mpv.test.ts src/core/services/runtime-options-ipc.test.ts src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts src/core/services/config-hot-reload.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer.test.ts src/core/services/subsync.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts src/core/services/mining.test.ts src/core/services/anki-jimaku.test.ts src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts src/core/services/jellyfin-remote.test.ts src/core/services/immersion-tracker-service.test.ts src/core/services/app-ready.test.ts src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts src/core/services/subtitle-processing-controller.test.ts src/core/services/anilist/anilist-update-queue.test.ts src/renderer/error-recovery.test.ts src/subsync/utils.test.ts src/main/anilist-url-guard.test.ts src/window-trackers/x11-tracker.test.ts launcher/config.test.ts launcher/parse-args.test.ts launcher/main.test.ts",
+    "test:core:src": "bun test src/cli/args.test.ts src/cli/help.test.ts src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts src/core/services/numeric-shortcut-session.test.ts src/core/services/secondary-subtitle.test.ts src/core/services/mpv-render-metrics.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts src/core/services/mpv-control.test.ts src/core/services/mpv.test.ts src/core/services/runtime-options-ipc.test.ts src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts src/core/services/config-hot-reload.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.test.ts src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.test.ts src/core/services/subsync.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts src/core/services/mining.test.ts src/core/services/anki-jimaku.test.ts src/core/services/jellyfin.test.ts src/core/services/jellyfin-remote.test.ts src/core/services/immersion-tracker-service.test.ts src/core/services/app-ready.test.ts src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts src/core/services/subtitle-processing-controller.test.ts src/core/services/anilist/anilist-update-queue.test.ts src/renderer/error-recovery.test.ts src/subsync/utils.test.ts src/main/anilist-url-guard.test.ts src/window-trackers/x11-tracker.test.ts launcher/config.test.ts launcher/parse-args.test.ts launcher/main.test.ts",
-    "test:core:dist": "node --test dist/cli/args.test.js dist/cli/help.test.js dist/core/services/cli-command.test.js dist/core/services/ipc.test.js dist/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.js dist/core/services/numeric-shortcut-session.test.js dist/core/services/secondary-subtitle.test.js dist/core/services/mpv-render-metrics.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.js dist/core/services/mpv-control.test.js dist/core/services/mpv.test.js dist/core/services/runtime-options-ipc.test.js dist/core/services/runtime-config.test.js dist/core/services/config-hot-reload.test.js dist/core/services/tokenizer.test.js dist/core/services/subsync.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-manager.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.js dist/core/services/mining.test.js dist/core/services/anki-jimaku.test.js dist/core/services/jellyfin.test.js dist/core/services/jellyfin-remote.test.js dist/core/services/immersion-tracker-service.test.js dist/core/services/app-ready.test.js dist/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.js dist/core/services/subtitle-processing-controller.test.js dist/core/services/anilist/anilist-token-store.test.js dist/core/services/anilist/anilist-update-queue.test.js dist/renderer/error-recovery.test.js dist/subsync/utils.test.js dist/main/anilist-url-guard.test.js dist/window-trackers/x11-tracker.test.js",
+    "test:core:dist": "node --test dist/cli/args.test.js dist/cli/help.test.js dist/core/services/cli-command.test.js dist/core/services/ipc.test.js dist/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.js dist/core/services/numeric-shortcut-session.test.js dist/core/services/secondary-subtitle.test.js dist/core/services/mpv-render-metrics.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.js dist/core/services/mpv-control.test.js dist/core/services/mpv.test.js dist/core/services/runtime-options-ipc.test.js dist/core/services/runtime-config.test.js dist/core/services/config-hot-reload.test.js dist/core/services/tokenizer.test.js dist/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.test.js dist/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.test.js dist/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.test.js dist/core/services/subsync.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-manager.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.js dist/core/services/mining.test.js dist/core/services/anki-jimaku.test.js dist/core/services/jellyfin.test.js dist/core/services/jellyfin-remote.test.js dist/core/services/immersion-tracker-service.test.js dist/core/services/app-ready.test.js dist/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.js dist/core/services/subtitle-processing-controller.test.js dist/core/services/anilist/anilist-token-store.test.js dist/core/services/anilist/anilist-update-queue.test.js dist/renderer/error-recovery.test.js dist/subsync/utils.test.js dist/main/anilist-url-guard.test.js dist/window-trackers/x11-tracker.test.js",
     "test:core:smoke:dist": "node --test dist/cli/help.test.js dist/core/services/runtime-config.test.js dist/core/services/ipc.test.js dist/core/services/overlay-manager.test.js dist/core/services/anilist/anilist-token-store.test.js dist/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.js dist/renderer/error-recovery.test.js dist/main/anilist-url-guard.test.js dist/window-trackers/x11-tracker.test.js",
     "test:smoke:dist": "bun run test:config:smoke:dist && bun run test:core:smoke:dist",
     "test:subtitle:dist": "echo \"Subtitle tests are currently not configured\"",

src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { MergedToken, PartOfSpeech } from '../../../types';
+import { annotateTokens, AnnotationStageDeps } from './annotation-stage';
+
+function makeToken(overrides: Partial<MergedToken> = {}): MergedToken {
+  return {
+    surface: '猫',
+    reading: 'ネコ',
+    headword: '猫',
+    startPos: 0,
+    endPos: 1,
+    partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.noun,
+    isMerged: false,
+    isKnown: false,
+    isNPlusOneTarget: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function makeDeps(overrides: Partial<AnnotationStageDeps> = {}): AnnotationStageDeps {
+  return {
+    isKnownWord: () => false,
+    knownWordMatchMode: 'headword',
+    getJlptLevel: () => null,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+test('annotateTokens known-word match mode uses headword vs surface', () => {
+  const tokens = [makeToken({ surface: '食べた', headword: '食べる', reading: 'タベタ' })];
+  const isKnownWord = (text: string): boolean => text === '食べる';
+
+  const headwordResult = annotateTokens(
+    tokens,
+    makeDeps({
+      isKnownWord,
+      knownWordMatchMode: 'headword',
+    }),
+  );
+  const surfaceResult = annotateTokens(
+    tokens,
+    makeDeps({
+      isKnownWord,
+      knownWordMatchMode: 'surface',
+    }),
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(headwordResult[0]?.isKnown, true);
+  assert.equal(surfaceResult[0]?.isKnown, false);
+});
+
+test('annotateTokens excludes frequency for particle/bound_auxiliary and pos1 exclusions', () => {
+  const lookupCalls: string[] = [];
+  const tokens = [
+    makeToken({ surface: 'は', headword: 'は', partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.particle }),
+    makeToken({
+      surface: 'です',
+      headword: 'です',
+      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.bound_auxiliary,
+      startPos: 1,
+      endPos: 3,
+    }),
+    makeToken({
+      surface: 'の',
+      headword: 'の',
+      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.other,
+      pos1: '助詞',
+      startPos: 3,
+      endPos: 4,
+    }),
+    makeToken({
+      surface: '猫',
+      headword: '猫',
+      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.noun,
+      startPos: 4,
+      endPos: 5,
+    }),
+  ];
+
+  const result = annotateTokens(
+    tokens,
+    makeDeps({
+      getFrequencyRank: (text) => {
+        lookupCalls.push(text);
+        return text === '猫' ? 11 : 999;
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(result[0]?.frequencyRank, undefined);
+  assert.equal(result[1]?.frequencyRank, undefined);
+  assert.equal(result[2]?.frequencyRank, undefined);
+  assert.equal(result[3]?.frequencyRank, 11);
+  assert.deepEqual(lookupCalls, ['猫']);
+});
+
+test('annotateTokens handles JLPT disabled and eligibility exclusion paths', () => {
+  let disabledLookupCalls = 0;
+  const disabledResult = annotateTokens(
+    [makeToken({ surface: '猫', headword: '猫' })],
+    makeDeps({
+      getJlptLevel: () => {
+        disabledLookupCalls += 1;
+        return 'N5';
+      },
+    }),
+    { jlptEnabled: false },
+  );
+  assert.equal(disabledResult[0]?.jlptLevel, undefined);
+  assert.equal(disabledLookupCalls, 0);
+
+  let excludedLookupCalls = 0;
+  const excludedResult = annotateTokens(
+    [
+      makeToken({
+        surface: '！',
+        headword: '！',
+        reading: '',
+        pos1: '記号',
+        partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.symbol,
+      }),
+    ],
+    makeDeps({
+      getJlptLevel: () => {
+        excludedLookupCalls += 1;
+        return 'N5';
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+  assert.equal(excludedResult[0]?.jlptLevel, undefined);
+  assert.equal(excludedLookupCalls, 0);
+});
+
+test('annotateTokens N+1 handoff marks expected target when threshold is satisfied', () => {
+  const tokens = [
+    makeToken({ surface: '私', headword: '私', startPos: 0, endPos: 1 }),
+    makeToken({ surface: '猫', headword: '猫', startPos: 1, endPos: 2 }),
+    makeToken({
+      surface: '見る',
+      headword: '見る',
+      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.verb,
+      startPos: 2,
+      endPos: 4,
+    }),
+  ];
+
+  const result = annotateTokens(
+    tokens,
+    makeDeps({
+      isKnownWord: (text) => text === '私' || text === '見る',
+    }),
+    { minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne: 3 },
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(result[0]?.isNPlusOneTarget, false);
+  assert.equal(result[1]?.isNPlusOneTarget, true);
+  assert.equal(result[2]?.isNPlusOneTarget, false);
+});

src/core/services/tokenizer/annotation-stage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import { markNPlusOneTargets } from '../../../token-merger';
+import {
+  FrequencyDictionaryLookup,
+  JlptLevel,
+  MergedToken,
+  NPlusOneMatchMode,
+  PartOfSpeech,
+} from '../../../types';
+import { shouldIgnoreJlptByTerm, shouldIgnoreJlptForMecabPos1 } from '../jlpt-token-filter';
+
+const KATAKANA_TO_HIRAGANA_OFFSET = 0x60;
+const KATAKANA_CODEPOINT_START = 0x30a1;
+const KATAKANA_CODEPOINT_END = 0x30f6;
+const JLPT_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CACHE_LIMIT = 2048;
+const FREQUENCY_RANK_LOOKUP_CACHE_LIMIT = 2048;
+
+const jlptLevelLookupCaches = new WeakMap<
+  (text: string) => JlptLevel | null,
+  Map<string, JlptLevel | null>
+>();
+const frequencyRankLookupCaches = new WeakMap<
+  FrequencyDictionaryLookup,
+  Map<string, number | null>
+>();
+
+export interface AnnotationStageDeps {
+  isKnownWord: (text: string) => boolean;
+  knownWordMatchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode;
+  getJlptLevel: (text: string) => JlptLevel | null;
+  getFrequencyRank?: FrequencyDictionaryLookup;
+}
+
+export interface AnnotationStageOptions {
+  jlptEnabled?: boolean;
+  frequencyEnabled?: boolean;
+  minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne?: number;
+}
+
+function resolveKnownWordText(
+  surface: string,
+  headword: string,
+  matchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode,
+): string {
+  return matchMode === 'surface' ? surface : headword;
+}
+
+function applyKnownWordMarking(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  isKnownWord: (text: string) => boolean,
+  knownWordMatchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode,
+): MergedToken[] {
+  return tokens.map((token) => {
+    const matchText = resolveKnownWordText(token.surface, token.headword, knownWordMatchMode);
+
+    return {
+      ...token,
+      isKnown: token.isKnown || (matchText ? isKnownWord(matchText) : false),
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function normalizeFrequencyLookupText(rawText: string): string {
+  return rawText.trim().toLowerCase();
+}
+
+function getCachedFrequencyRank(
+  lookupText: string,
+  getFrequencyRank: FrequencyDictionaryLookup,
+): number | null {
+  const normalizedText = normalizeFrequencyLookupText(lookupText);
+  if (!normalizedText) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  let cache = frequencyRankLookupCaches.get(getFrequencyRank);
+  if (!cache) {
+    cache = new Map<string, number | null>();
+    frequencyRankLookupCaches.set(getFrequencyRank, cache);
+  }
+
+  if (cache.has(normalizedText)) {
+    return cache.get(normalizedText) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  let rank: number | null;
+  try {
+    rank = getFrequencyRank(normalizedText);
+  } catch {
+    rank = null;
+  }
+  if (rank !== null) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(rank) || rank <= 0) {
+      rank = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  cache.set(normalizedText, rank);
+  while (cache.size > FREQUENCY_RANK_LOOKUP_CACHE_LIMIT) {
+    const firstKey = cache.keys().next().value;
+    if (firstKey !== undefined) {
+      cache.delete(firstKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rank;
+}
+
+function resolveFrequencyLookupText(token: MergedToken): string {
+  if (token.headword && token.headword.length > 0) {
+    return token.headword;
+  }
+  if (token.reading && token.reading.length > 0) {
+    return token.reading;
+  }
+  return token.surface;
+}
+
+function getFrequencyLookupTextCandidates(token: MergedToken): string[] {
+  const lookupText = resolveFrequencyLookupText(token).trim();
+  return lookupText ? [lookupText] : [];
+}
+
+function isFrequencyExcludedByPos(token: MergedToken): boolean {
+  if (
+    token.partOfSpeech === PartOfSpeech.particle ||
+    token.partOfSpeech === PartOfSpeech.bound_auxiliary
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return token.pos1 === '助詞' || token.pos1 === '助動詞';
+}
+
+function applyFrequencyMarking(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  getFrequencyRank: FrequencyDictionaryLookup,
+): MergedToken[] {
+  return tokens.map((token) => {
+    if (isFrequencyExcludedByPos(token)) {
+      return { ...token, frequencyRank: undefined };
+    }
+
+    const lookupTexts = getFrequencyLookupTextCandidates(token);
+    if (lookupTexts.length === 0) {
+      return { ...token, frequencyRank: undefined };
+    }
+
+    let bestRank: number | null = null;
+    for (const lookupText of lookupTexts) {
+      const rank = getCachedFrequencyRank(lookupText, getFrequencyRank);
+      if (rank === null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (bestRank === null || rank < bestRank) {
+        bestRank = rank;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ...token,
+      frequencyRank: bestRank ?? undefined,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function getCachedJlptLevel(
+  lookupText: string,
+  getJlptLevel: (text: string) => JlptLevel | null,
+): JlptLevel | null {
+  const normalizedText = lookupText.trim();
+  if (!normalizedText) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  let cache = jlptLevelLookupCaches.get(getJlptLevel);
+  if (!cache) {
+    cache = new Map<string, JlptLevel | null>();
+    jlptLevelLookupCaches.set(getJlptLevel, cache);
+  }
+
+  if (cache.has(normalizedText)) {
+    return cache.get(normalizedText) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  let level: JlptLevel | null;
+  try {
+    level = getJlptLevel(normalizedText);
+  } catch {
+    level = null;
+  }
+
+  cache.set(normalizedText, level);
+  while (cache.size > JLPT_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CACHE_LIMIT) {
+    const firstKey = cache.keys().next().value;
+    if (firstKey !== undefined) {
+      cache.delete(firstKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return level;
+}
+
+function resolveJlptLookupText(token: MergedToken): string {
+  if (token.headword && token.headword.length > 0) {
+    return token.headword;
+  }
+  if (token.reading && token.reading.length > 0) {
+    return token.reading;
+  }
+  return token.surface;
+}
+
+function normalizeJlptTextForExclusion(text: string): string {
+  const raw = text.trim();
+  if (!raw) {
+    return '';
+  }
+
+  let normalized = '';
+  for (const char of raw) {
+    const code = char.codePointAt(0);
+    if (code === undefined) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (code >= KATAKANA_CODEPOINT_START && code <= KATAKANA_CODEPOINT_END) {
+      normalized += String.fromCodePoint(code - KATAKANA_TO_HIRAGANA_OFFSET);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    normalized += char;
+  }
+
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+function isKanaChar(char: string): boolean {
+  const code = char.codePointAt(0);
+  if (code === undefined) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    (code >= 0x3041 && code <= 0x3096) ||
+    (code >= 0x309b && code <= 0x309f) ||
+    (code >= 0x30a0 && code <= 0x30fa) ||
+    (code >= 0x30fd && code <= 0x30ff)
+  );
+}
+
+function isRepeatedKanaSfx(text: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = text.trim();
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const chars = [...normalized];
+  if (!chars.every(isKanaChar)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const counts = new Map<string, number>();
+  let hasAdjacentRepeat = false;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i += 1) {
+    const char = chars[i]!;
+    counts.set(char, (counts.get(char) ?? 0) + 1);
+    if (i > 0 && chars[i] === chars[i - 1]) {
+      hasAdjacentRepeat = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const topCount = Math.max(...counts.values());
+  if (chars.length <= 2) {
+    return hasAdjacentRepeat || topCount >= 2;
+  }
+
+  if (hasAdjacentRepeat) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return topCount >= Math.ceil(chars.length / 2);
+}
+
+function isJlptEligibleToken(token: MergedToken): boolean {
+  if (token.pos1 && shouldIgnoreJlptForMecabPos1(token.pos1)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const candidates = [
+    resolveJlptLookupText(token),
+    token.surface,
+    token.reading,
+    token.headword,
+  ].filter(
+    (candidate): candidate is string => typeof candidate === 'string' && candidate.length > 0,
+  );
+
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    const normalizedCandidate = normalizeJlptTextForExclusion(candidate);
+    if (!normalizedCandidate) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const trimmedCandidate = candidate.trim();
+    if (shouldIgnoreJlptByTerm(trimmedCandidate) || shouldIgnoreJlptByTerm(normalizedCandidate)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (isRepeatedKanaSfx(candidate) || isRepeatedKanaSfx(normalizedCandidate)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function applyJlptMarking(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  getJlptLevel: (text: string) => JlptLevel | null,
+): MergedToken[] {
+  return tokens.map((token) => {
+    if (!isJlptEligibleToken(token)) {
+      return { ...token, jlptLevel: undefined };
+    }
+
+    const primaryLevel = getCachedJlptLevel(resolveJlptLookupText(token), getJlptLevel);
+    const fallbackLevel =
+      primaryLevel === null ? getCachedJlptLevel(token.surface, getJlptLevel) : null;
+
+    return {
+      ...token,
+      jlptLevel: primaryLevel ?? fallbackLevel ?? token.jlptLevel,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+export function annotateTokens(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  deps: AnnotationStageDeps,
+  options: AnnotationStageOptions = {},
+): MergedToken[] {
+  const knownMarkedTokens = applyKnownWordMarking(
+    tokens,
+    deps.isKnownWord,
+    deps.knownWordMatchMode,
+  );
+
+  const frequencyEnabled = options.frequencyEnabled !== false;
+  const frequencyMarkedTokens =
+    frequencyEnabled && deps.getFrequencyRank
+      ? applyFrequencyMarking(knownMarkedTokens, deps.getFrequencyRank)
+      : knownMarkedTokens.map((token) => ({
+          ...token,
+          frequencyRank: undefined,
+        }));
+
+  const jlptEnabled = options.jlptEnabled !== false;
+  const jlptMarkedTokens = jlptEnabled
+    ? applyJlptMarking(frequencyMarkedTokens, deps.getJlptLevel)
+    : frequencyMarkedTokens.map((token) => ({
+        ...token,
+        jlptLevel: undefined,
+      }));
+
+  const minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne = options.minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne;
+  const sanitizedMinSentenceWordsForNPlusOne =
+    minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne !== undefined &&
+    Number.isInteger(minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne) &&
+    minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne > 0
+      ? minSentenceWordsForNPlusOne
+      : 3;
+
+  return markNPlusOneTargets(jlptMarkedTokens, sanitizedMinSentenceWordsForNPlusOne);
+}

src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { MergedToken, PartOfSpeech } from '../../../types';
+import { enrichTokensWithMecabPos1 } from './parser-enrichment-stage';
+
+function makeToken(overrides: Partial<MergedToken>): MergedToken {
+  return {
+    surface: 'token',
+    reading: '',
+    headword: 'token',
+    startPos: 0,
+    endPos: 1,
+    partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.other,
+    isMerged: true,
+    isKnown: false,
+    isNPlusOneTarget: false,
+    pos1: '',
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+test('enrichTokensWithMecabPos1 picks pos1 by best overlap when no surface match exists', () => {
+  const tokens = [makeToken({ surface: 'grouped', startPos: 2, endPos: 7 })];
+  const mecabTokens = [
+    makeToken({ surface: 'left', startPos: 0, endPos: 4, pos1: 'A' }),
+    makeToken({ surface: 'right', startPos: 2, endPos: 6, pos1: 'B' }),
+  ];
+
+  const enriched = enrichTokensWithMecabPos1(tokens, mecabTokens);
+  assert.equal(enriched[0]?.pos1, 'B');
+});
+
+test('enrichTokensWithMecabPos1 fills missing pos1 using surface-sequence fallback', () => {
+  const tokens = [makeToken({ surface: ' は ', startPos: 10, endPos: 13 })];
+  const mecabTokens = [makeToken({ surface: 'は', startPos: 0, endPos: 1, pos1: '助詞' })];
+
+  const enriched = enrichTokensWithMecabPos1(tokens, mecabTokens);
+  assert.equal(enriched[0]?.pos1, '助詞');
+});
+
+test('enrichTokensWithMecabPos1 passes through unchanged when mecab tokens are null or empty', () => {
+  const tokens = [makeToken({ surface: '猫', startPos: 0, endPos: 1 })];
+
+  const nullResult = enrichTokensWithMecabPos1(tokens, null);
+  assert.strictEqual(nullResult, tokens);
+
+  const emptyResult = enrichTokensWithMecabPos1(tokens, []);
+  assert.strictEqual(emptyResult, tokens);
+});

src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-enrichment-stage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { MergedToken } from '../../../types';
+
+function pickClosestMecabPos1(token: MergedToken, mecabTokens: MergedToken[]): string | undefined {
+  if (mecabTokens.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const tokenStart = token.startPos ?? 0;
+  const tokenEnd = token.endPos ?? tokenStart + token.surface.length;
+  let bestSurfaceMatchPos1: string | undefined;
+  let bestSurfaceMatchDistance = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+  let bestSurfaceMatchEndDistance = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+
+  for (const mecabToken of mecabTokens) {
+    if (!mecabToken.pos1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (mecabToken.surface !== token.surface) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const mecabStart = mecabToken.startPos ?? 0;
+    const mecabEnd = mecabToken.endPos ?? mecabStart + mecabToken.surface.length;
+    const startDistance = Math.abs(mecabStart - tokenStart);
+    const endDistance = Math.abs(mecabEnd - tokenEnd);
+
+    if (
+      startDistance < bestSurfaceMatchDistance ||
+      (startDistance === bestSurfaceMatchDistance && endDistance < bestSurfaceMatchEndDistance)
+    ) {
+      bestSurfaceMatchDistance = startDistance;
+      bestSurfaceMatchEndDistance = endDistance;
+      bestSurfaceMatchPos1 = mecabToken.pos1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (bestSurfaceMatchPos1) {
+    return bestSurfaceMatchPos1;
+  }
+
+  let bestPos1: string | undefined;
+  let bestOverlap = 0;
+  let bestSpan = 0;
+  let bestStartDistance = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+  let bestStart = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+
+  for (const mecabToken of mecabTokens) {
+    if (!mecabToken.pos1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const mecabStart = mecabToken.startPos ?? 0;
+    const mecabEnd = mecabToken.endPos ?? mecabStart + mecabToken.surface.length;
+    const overlapStart = Math.max(tokenStart, mecabStart);
+    const overlapEnd = Math.min(tokenEnd, mecabEnd);
+    const overlap = Math.max(0, overlapEnd - overlapStart);
+    if (overlap === 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const span = mecabEnd - mecabStart;
+    if (
+      overlap > bestOverlap ||
+      (overlap === bestOverlap &&
+        (Math.abs(mecabStart - tokenStart) < bestStartDistance ||
+          (Math.abs(mecabStart - tokenStart) === bestStartDistance &&
+            (span > bestSpan || (span === bestSpan && mecabStart < bestStart)))))
+    ) {
+      bestOverlap = overlap;
+      bestSpan = span;
+      bestStartDistance = Math.abs(mecabStart - tokenStart);
+      bestStart = mecabStart;
+      bestPos1 = mecabToken.pos1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return bestOverlap > 0 ? bestPos1 : undefined;
+}
+
+function fillMissingPos1BySurfaceSequence(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  mecabTokens: MergedToken[],
+): MergedToken[] {
+  const indexedMecabTokens = mecabTokens
+    .map((token, index) => ({ token, index }))
+    .filter(({ token }) => token.pos1 && token.surface.trim().length > 0);
+
+  if (indexedMecabTokens.length === 0) {
+    return tokens;
+  }
+
+  let cursor = 0;
+  return tokens.map((token) => {
+    if (token.pos1 && token.pos1.trim().length > 0) {
+      return token;
+    }
+
+    const surface = token.surface.trim();
+    if (!surface) {
+      return token;
+    }
+
+    let best: { pos1: string; index: number } | null = null;
+    for (const candidate of indexedMecabTokens) {
+      if (candidate.token.surface !== surface) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (candidate.index < cursor) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      best = { pos1: candidate.token.pos1 as string, index: candidate.index };
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (!best) {
+      for (const candidate of indexedMecabTokens) {
+        if (candidate.token.surface !== surface) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        best = { pos1: candidate.token.pos1 as string, index: candidate.index };
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!best) {
+      return token;
+    }
+
+    cursor = best.index + 1;
+    return {
+      ...token,
+      pos1: best.pos1,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+export function enrichTokensWithMecabPos1(
+  tokens: MergedToken[],
+  mecabTokens: MergedToken[] | null,
+): MergedToken[] {
+  if (!tokens || tokens.length === 0) {
+    return tokens;
+  }
+
+  if (!mecabTokens || mecabTokens.length === 0) {
+    return tokens;
+  }
+
+  const overlapEnriched = tokens.map((token) => {
+    if (token.pos1) {
+      return token;
+    }
+
+    const pos1 = pickClosestMecabPos1(token, mecabTokens);
+    if (!pos1) {
+      return token;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ...token,
+      pos1,
+    };
+  });
+
+  return fillMissingPos1BySurfaceSequence(overlapEnriched, mecabTokens);
+}

src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { selectYomitanParseTokens } from './parser-selection-stage';
+
+interface ParseSegmentInput {
+  text: string;
+  reading?: string;
+  headword?: string;
+}
+
+function makeParseItem(
+  source: string,
+  lines: ParseSegmentInput[][],
+): {
+  source: string;
+  index: number;
+  content: Array<
+    Array<{ text: string; reading?: string; headwords?: Array<Array<{ term: string }>> }>
+  >;
+} {
+  return {
+    source,
+    index: 0,
+    content: lines.map((line) =>
+      line.map((segment) => ({
+        text: segment.text,
+        reading: segment.reading,
+        headwords: segment.headword ? [[{ term: segment.headword }]] : undefined,
+      })),
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+test('prefers scanning parser when scanning candidate has more than one token', () => {
+  const parseResults = [
+    makeParseItem('scanning-parser', [
+      [{ text: '小園', reading: 'おうえん', headword: '小園' }],
+      [{ text: 'に', reading: 'に', headword: 'に' }],
+    ]),
+    makeParseItem('mecab', [
+      [{ text: '小', reading: 'お', headword: '小' }],
+      [{ text: '園', reading: 'えん', headword: '園' }],
+      [{ text: 'に', reading: 'に', headword: 'に' }],
+    ]),
+  ];
+
+  const tokens = selectYomitanParseTokens(parseResults, () => false, 'headword');
+  assert.equal(tokens?.map((token) => token.surface).join(','), '小園,に');
+});
+
+test('prefers mecab candidate when scanning candidate is single token and mecab has better split', () => {
+  const parseResults = [
+    makeParseItem('scanning-parser', [
+      [{ text: '俺は公園にいきたい', reading: 'おれはこうえんにいきたい' }],
+    ]),
+    makeParseItem('mecab', [
+      [{ text: '俺', reading: 'おれ', headword: '俺' }],
+      [{ text: 'は', reading: 'は', headword: 'は' }],
+      [{ text: '公園', reading: 'こうえん', headword: '公園' }],
+      [{ text: 'に', reading: 'に', headword: 'に' }],
+      [{ text: 'いきたい', reading: 'いきたい', headword: '行きたい' }],
+    ]),
+  ];
+
+  const tokens = selectYomitanParseTokens(parseResults, () => false, 'headword');
+  assert.equal(tokens?.map((token) => token.surface).join(','), '俺,は,公園,に,いきたい');
+});
+
+test('tie-break prefers fewer suspicious kana fragments', () => {
+  const parseResults = [
+    makeParseItem('mecab-fragmented', [
+      [{ text: '俺', reading: 'おれ', headword: '俺' }],
+      [{ text: 'にい', reading: '', headword: '兄' }],
+      [{ text: 'きたい', reading: '', headword: '期待' }],
+    ]),
+    makeParseItem('mecab', [
+      [{ text: '俺', reading: 'おれ', headword: '俺' }],
+      [{ text: 'に', reading: 'に', headword: 'に' }],
+      [{ text: '行きたい', reading: 'いきたい', headword: '行きたい' }],
+    ]),
+  ];
+
+  const tokens = selectYomitanParseTokens(parseResults, () => false, 'headword');
+  assert.equal(tokens?.map((token) => token.surface).join(','), '俺,に,行きたい');
+});

src/core/services/tokenizer/parser-selection-stage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import { MergedToken, NPlusOneMatchMode, PartOfSpeech } from '../../../types';
+
+interface YomitanParseHeadword {
+  term?: unknown;
+}
+
+interface YomitanParseSegment {
+  text?: string;
+  reading?: string;
+  headwords?: unknown;
+}
+
+interface YomitanParseResultItem {
+  source?: unknown;
+  index?: unknown;
+  content?: unknown;
+}
+
+type YomitanParseLine = YomitanParseSegment[];
+
+export interface YomitanParseCandidate {
+  source: string;
+  index: number;
+  tokens: MergedToken[];
+}
+
+function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return Boolean(value && typeof value === 'object');
+}
+
+function isString(value: unknown): value is string {
+  return typeof value === 'string';
+}
+
+function resolveKnownWordText(
+  surface: string,
+  headword: string,
+  matchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode,
+): string {
+  return matchMode === 'surface' ? surface : headword;
+}
+
+function isKanaChar(char: string): boolean {
+  const code = char.codePointAt(0);
+  if (code === undefined) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    (code >= 0x3041 && code <= 0x3096) ||
+    (code >= 0x309b && code <= 0x309f) ||
+    (code >= 0x30a0 && code <= 0x30fa) ||
+    (code >= 0x30fd && code <= 0x30ff)
+  );
+}
+
+function isYomitanParseLine(value: unknown): value is YomitanParseLine {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return value.every((segment) => {
+    if (!isObject(segment)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const candidate = segment as YomitanParseSegment;
+    return isString(candidate.text);
+  });
+}
+
+export function isYomitanParseResultItem(value: unknown): value is YomitanParseResultItem {
+  if (!isObject(value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!isString((value as YomitanParseResultItem).source)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray((value as YomitanParseResultItem).content)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isYomitanHeadwordRows(value: unknown): value is YomitanParseHeadword[][] {
+  return (
+    Array.isArray(value) &&
+    value.every(
+      (group) =>
+        Array.isArray(group) &&
+        group.every((item) => isObject(item) && isString((item as YomitanParseHeadword).term)),
+    )
+  );
+}
+
+function extractYomitanHeadword(segment: YomitanParseSegment): string {
+  const headwords = segment.headwords;
+  if (!isYomitanHeadwordRows(headwords)) {
+    return '';
+  }
+
+  for (const group of headwords) {
+    if (group.length > 0) {
+      const firstHeadword = group[0] as YomitanParseHeadword;
+      if (isString(firstHeadword?.term)) {
+        return firstHeadword.term;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return '';
+}
+
+export function mapYomitanParseResultItemToMergedTokens(
+  parseResult: YomitanParseResultItem,
+  isKnownWord: (text: string) => boolean,
+  knownWordMatchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode,
+): YomitanParseCandidate | null {
+  const content = parseResult.content;
+  if (!Array.isArray(content) || content.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const source = String(parseResult.source ?? '');
+  const index =
+    typeof parseResult.index === 'number' && Number.isInteger(parseResult.index)
+      ? parseResult.index
+      : 0;
+
+  const tokens: MergedToken[] = [];
+  let charOffset = 0;
+  let validLineCount = 0;
+
+  for (const line of content) {
+    if (!isYomitanParseLine(line)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    validLineCount += 1;
+
+    let combinedSurface = '';
+    let combinedReading = '';
+    let combinedHeadword = '';
+
+    for (const segment of line) {
+      const segmentText = segment.text;
+      if (!segmentText || segmentText.length === 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      combinedSurface += segmentText;
+      if (typeof segment.reading === 'string') {
+        combinedReading += segment.reading;
+      }
+      if (!combinedHeadword) {
+        combinedHeadword = extractYomitanHeadword(segment);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!combinedSurface) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const start = charOffset;
+    const end = start + combinedSurface.length;
+    charOffset = end;
+    const headword = combinedHeadword || combinedSurface;
+
+    tokens.push({
+      surface: combinedSurface,
+      reading: combinedReading,
+      headword,
+      startPos: start,
+      endPos: end,
+      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.other,
+      pos1: '',
+      isMerged: true,
+      isNPlusOneTarget: false,
+      isKnown: (() => {
+        const matchText = resolveKnownWordText(combinedSurface, headword, knownWordMatchMode);
+        return matchText ? isKnownWord(matchText) : false;
+      })(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (validLineCount === 0 || tokens.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return { source, index, tokens };
+}
+
+export function selectBestYomitanParseCandidate(
+  candidates: YomitanParseCandidate[],
+): MergedToken[] | null {
+  if (candidates.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const scanningCandidates = candidates.filter(
+    (candidate) => candidate.source === 'scanning-parser',
+  );
+  const mecabCandidates = candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.source === 'mecab');
+
+  const getBestByTokenCount = (items: YomitanParseCandidate[]): YomitanParseCandidate | null =>
+    items.length === 0
+      ? null
+      : items.reduce((best, current) =>
+          current.tokens.length > best.tokens.length ? current : best,
+        );
+
+  const getCandidateScore = (candidate: YomitanParseCandidate): number => {
+    const readableTokenCount = candidate.tokens.filter(
+      (token) => token.reading.trim().length > 0,
+    ).length;
+    const suspiciousKanaFragmentCount = candidate.tokens.filter(
+      (token) =>
+        token.reading.trim().length === 0 &&
+        token.surface.length >= 2 &&
+        Array.from(token.surface).every((char) => isKanaChar(char)),
+    ).length;
+
+    return readableTokenCount * 100 - suspiciousKanaFragmentCount * 50 - candidate.tokens.length;
+  };
+
+  const chooseBestCandidate = (items: YomitanParseCandidate[]): YomitanParseCandidate | null => {
+    if (items.length === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return items.reduce((best, current) => {
+      const bestScore = getCandidateScore(best);
+      const currentScore = getCandidateScore(current);
+      if (currentScore !== bestScore) {
+        return currentScore > bestScore ? current : best;
+      }
+
+      if (current.tokens.length !== best.tokens.length) {
+        return current.tokens.length < best.tokens.length ? current : best;
+      }
+
+      return best;
+    });
+  };
+
+  if (scanningCandidates.length > 0) {
+    const bestScanning = getBestByTokenCount(scanningCandidates);
+    if (bestScanning && bestScanning.tokens.length > 1) {
+      return bestScanning.tokens;
+    }
+
+    const bestMecab = chooseBestCandidate(mecabCandidates);
+    if (bestMecab && bestMecab.tokens.length > (bestScanning?.tokens.length ?? 0)) {
+      return bestMecab.tokens;
+    }
+
+    return bestScanning ? bestScanning.tokens : null;
+  }
+
+  const multiTokenCandidates = candidates.filter((candidate) => candidate.tokens.length > 1);
+  const pool = multiTokenCandidates.length > 0 ? multiTokenCandidates : candidates;
+  const bestCandidate = chooseBestCandidate(pool);
+  return bestCandidate ? bestCandidate.tokens : null;
+}
+
+export function selectYomitanParseTokens(
+  parseResults: unknown,
+  isKnownWord: (text: string) => boolean,
+  knownWordMatchMode: NPlusOneMatchMode,
+): MergedToken[] | null {
+  if (!Array.isArray(parseResults) || parseResults.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const candidates = parseResults
+    .filter((item): item is YomitanParseResultItem => isYomitanParseResultItem(item))
+    .map((item) => mapYomitanParseResultItemToMergedTokens(item, isKnownWord, knownWordMatchMode))
+    .filter((candidate): candidate is YomitanParseCandidate => candidate !== null);
+
+  const bestCandidate = selectBestYomitanParseCandidate(candidates);
+  return bestCandidate;
+}

src/core/services/tokenizer/yomitan-parser-runtime.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import type { BrowserWindow, Extension } from 'electron';
+
+interface LoggerLike {
+  error: (message: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
+}
+
+interface YomitanParserRuntimeDeps {
+  getYomitanExt: () => Extension | null;
+  getYomitanParserWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null;
+  setYomitanParserWindow: (window: BrowserWindow | null) => void;
+  getYomitanParserReadyPromise: () => Promise<void> | null;
+  setYomitanParserReadyPromise: (promise: Promise<void> | null) => void;
+  getYomitanParserInitPromise: () => Promise<boolean> | null;
+  setYomitanParserInitPromise: (promise: Promise<boolean> | null) => void;
+}
+
+async function ensureYomitanParserWindow(
+  deps: YomitanParserRuntimeDeps,
+  logger: LoggerLike,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const electron = await import('electron');
+  const yomitanExt = deps.getYomitanExt();
+  if (!yomitanExt) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const currentWindow = deps.getYomitanParserWindow();
+  if (currentWindow && !currentWindow.isDestroyed()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const existingInitPromise = deps.getYomitanParserInitPromise();
+  if (existingInitPromise) {
+    return existingInitPromise;
+  }
+
+  const initPromise = (async () => {
+    const { BrowserWindow, session } = electron;
+    const parserWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+      show: false,
+      width: 800,
+      height: 600,
+      webPreferences: {
+        contextIsolation: true,
+        nodeIntegration: false,
+        session: session.defaultSession,
+      },
+    });
+    deps.setYomitanParserWindow(parserWindow);
+
+    deps.setYomitanParserReadyPromise(
+      new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        parserWindow.webContents.once('did-finish-load', () => resolve());
+        parserWindow.webContents.once('did-fail-load', (_event, _errorCode, errorDescription) => {
+          reject(new Error(errorDescription));
+        });
+      }),
+    );
+
+    parserWindow.on('closed', () => {
+      if (deps.getYomitanParserWindow() === parserWindow) {
+        deps.setYomitanParserWindow(null);
+        deps.setYomitanParserReadyPromise(null);
+      }
+    });
+
+    try {
+      await parserWindow.loadURL(`chrome-extension://${yomitanExt.id}/search.html`);
+      const readyPromise = deps.getYomitanParserReadyPromise();
+      if (readyPromise) {
+        await readyPromise;
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    } catch (err) {
+      logger.error('Failed to initialize Yomitan parser window:', (err as Error).message);
+      if (!parserWindow.isDestroyed()) {
+        parserWindow.destroy();
+      }
+      if (deps.getYomitanParserWindow() === parserWindow) {
+        deps.setYomitanParserWindow(null);
+        deps.setYomitanParserReadyPromise(null);
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      deps.setYomitanParserInitPromise(null);
+    }
+  })();
+
+  deps.setYomitanParserInitPromise(initPromise);
+  return initPromise;
+}
+
+export async function requestYomitanParseResults(
+  text: string,
+  deps: YomitanParserRuntimeDeps,
+  logger: LoggerLike,
+): Promise<unknown[] | null> {
+  const yomitanExt = deps.getYomitanExt();
+  if (!text || !yomitanExt) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const isReady = await ensureYomitanParserWindow(deps, logger);
+  const parserWindow = deps.getYomitanParserWindow();
+  if (!isReady || !parserWindow || parserWindow.isDestroyed()) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const script = `
+    (async () => {
+      const invoke = (action, params) =>
+        new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+          chrome.runtime.sendMessage({ action, params }, (response) => {
+            if (chrome.runtime.lastError) {
+              reject(new Error(chrome.runtime.lastError.message));
+              return;
+            }
+            if (!response || typeof response !== "object") {
+              reject(new Error("Invalid response from Yomitan backend"));
+              return;
+            }
+            if (response.error) {
+              reject(new Error(response.error.message || "Yomitan backend error"));
+              return;
+            }
+            resolve(response.result);
+          });
+        });
+
+      const optionsFull = await invoke("optionsGetFull", undefined);
+      const profileIndex = optionsFull.profileCurrent;
+      const scanLength =
+        optionsFull.profiles?.[profileIndex]?.options?.scanning?.length ?? 40;
+
+      return await invoke("parseText", {
+        text: ${JSON.stringify(text)},
+        optionsContext: { index: profileIndex },
+        scanLength,
+        useInternalParser: true,
+        useMecabParser: true
+      });
+    })();
+  `;
+
+  try {
+    const parseResults = await parserWindow.webContents.executeJavaScript(script, true);
+    return Array.isArray(parseResults) ? parseResults : null;
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.error('Yomitan parser request failed:', (err as Error).message);
+    return null;
+  }
+}