diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index 429f75a0..b1d191fa 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -351,10 +351,8 @@ import {
   runStartupBootstrapRuntime,
   saveJellyfinSubtitleDelay,
   saveSubtitlePosition as saveSubtitlePositionCore,
-  addYomitanNoteViaSearch,
   clearYomitanParserCachesForWindow,
   getYomitanCurrentAnkiDeckName as getYomitanCurrentAnkiDeckNameCore,
-  syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServer as syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServerCore,
   sendMpvCommandRuntime,
   setMpvSubVisibilityRuntime,
   setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime,
@@ -375,7 +373,6 @@ import { hasHyprlandWindowPlacementBoundsMismatch } from './core/services/hyprla
 import { normalizeOverlayWindowBoundsForPlatform } from './core/services/overlay-window-bounds';
 import { resolveYoutubePlaybackUrl } from './core/services/youtube/playback-resolve';
 import { probeYoutubeTracks } from './core/services/youtube/track-probe';
-import { startStatsServer } from './core/services/stats-server';
 import {
   destroyStatsWindow,
   promoteStatsOverlayAbovePlayback,
@@ -453,14 +450,7 @@ import {
   createRunStatsCliCommandHandler,
   writeStatsCliCommandResponse,
 } from './main/runtime/stats-cli-command';
-import {
-  isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive,
-  readBackgroundStatsServerState,
-  removeBackgroundStatsServerState,
-  resolveBackgroundStatsServerUrl,
-  writeBackgroundStatsServerState,
-} from './main/runtime/stats-daemon';
-import { createEnsureStatsServerUrlHandler } from './main/runtime/stats-server-routing';
+import { createStatsServerRuntime } from './main/runtime/stats-server-runtime';
 import { resolveLegacyVocabularyPosFromTokens } from './core/services/immersion-tracker/legacy-vocabulary-pos';
 import { createAnilistUpdateQueue } from './core/services/anilist/anilist-update-queue';
 import {
@@ -594,7 +584,6 @@ import {
 import { createYomitanProfilePolicy } from './main/runtime/yomitan-profile-policy';
 import { reloadOverlayWindowsForYomitanContentScripts } from './main/runtime/yomitan-extension-overlay-reload';
 import { formatSkippedYomitanWriteAction } from './main/runtime/yomitan-read-only-log';
-import { shouldForceOverrideYomitanAnkiServer } from './main/runtime/yomitan-anki-server';
 import { createYomitanAnkiServerSyncRuntime } from './main/runtime/yomitan-anki-server-sync';
 import {
   type AnilistMediaGuessRuntimeState,
@@ -1010,45 +999,49 @@ const reportFatalError = createFatalErrorReporter({
 });
 
 let forceQuitTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
-let statsServer: ReturnType<typeof startStatsServer> | null = null;
-const statsDaemonStatePath = path.join(USER_DATA_PATH, 'stats-daemon.json');
-
-function readLiveBackgroundStatsDaemonState(): {
-  pid: number;
-  port: number;
-  startedAtMs: number;
-} | null {
-  const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-  if (!state) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (state.pid === process.pid && !statsServer) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-    return null;
-  }
-  return state;
-}
-
-function clearOwnedBackgroundStatsDaemonState(): void {
-  const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-  if (state?.pid === process.pid) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-  }
-}
-
-function stopStatsServer(): void {
-  if (!statsServer) {
-    return;
-  }
-  statsServer.close();
-  statsServer = null;
-  clearOwnedBackgroundStatsDaemonState();
-}
+const statsDistPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'stats', 'dist');
+const statsPreloadPath = path.join(__dirname, 'preload-stats.js');
+const statsServerRuntime = createStatsServerRuntime({
+  userDataPath: USER_DATA_PATH,
+  statsDistPath,
+  getResolvedConfig: () => getResolvedConfig(),
+  getImmersionTracker: () => appState.immersionTracker,
+  setAppStateStatsServer: (server) => {
+    appState.statsServer = server;
+  },
+  getMpvSocketPath: () => appState.mpvSocketPath,
+  getYomitanExt: () => appState.yomitanExt,
+  getYomitanSession: () => appState.yomitanSession,
+  getYomitanParserWindow: () => appState.yomitanParserWindow,
+  setYomitanParserWindow: (w) => {
+    appState.yomitanParserWindow = w;
+  },
+  getYomitanParserReadyPromise: () => appState.yomitanParserReadyPromise,
+  setYomitanParserReadyPromise: (p) => {
+    appState.yomitanParserReadyPromise = p;
+  },
+  getYomitanParserInitPromise: () => appState.yomitanParserInitPromise,
+  setYomitanParserInitPromise: (p) => {
+    appState.yomitanParserInitPromise = p;
+  },
+  getYomitanAnkiDeckName: () => getCurrentYomitanAnkiDeckNameForRuntime(),
+  getAnilistRateLimiter: () => anilistRateLimiter,
+  resolveAnkiNoteId: (noteId) => appState.ankiIntegration?.resolveCurrentNoteId(noteId) ?? noteId,
+  trackDuplicateNoteIdsForNote: (noteId, duplicateNoteIds) => {
+    appState.ankiIntegration?.trackDuplicateNoteIdsForNote(noteId, duplicateNoteIds);
+  },
+  resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords: (term) => resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords(term),
+  ensureImmersionTrackerStarted: () => ensureImmersionTrackerStarted(),
+  setStatsStartupInProgress: (inProgress) => {
+    appState.statsStartupInProgress = inProgress;
+  },
+});
+const {
+  stopStatsServer,
+  ensureStatsServerStarted,
+  ensureBackgroundStatsServerStarted,
+  stopBackgroundStatsServer,
+} = statsServerRuntime;
 
 function requestAppQuit(): void {
   destroyYomitanSettingsWindow(appState.yomitanSettingsWindow);
@@ -4618,149 +4611,6 @@ const {
 });
 registerProtocolUrlHandlersHandler();
 
-const statsDistPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'stats', 'dist');
-const statsPreloadPath = path.join(__dirname, 'preload-stats.js');
-
-const startLocalStatsServer = (): void => {
-  const tracker = appState.immersionTracker;
-  if (!tracker) {
-    throw new Error('Immersion tracker failed to initialize.');
-  }
-  if (!statsServer) {
-    const yomitanDeps = {
-      getYomitanExt: () => appState.yomitanExt,
-      getYomitanSession: () => appState.yomitanSession,
-      getYomitanParserWindow: () => appState.yomitanParserWindow,
-      setYomitanParserWindow: (w: BrowserWindow | null) => {
-        appState.yomitanParserWindow = w;
-      },
-      getYomitanParserReadyPromise: () => appState.yomitanParserReadyPromise,
-      setYomitanParserReadyPromise: (p: Promise<void> | null) => {
-        appState.yomitanParserReadyPromise = p;
-      },
-      getYomitanParserInitPromise: () => appState.yomitanParserInitPromise,
-      setYomitanParserInitPromise: (p: Promise<boolean> | null) => {
-        appState.yomitanParserInitPromise = p;
-      },
-    };
-    const yomitanLogger = createLogger('main:yomitan-stats');
-    statsServer = startStatsServer({
-      port: getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort,
-      staticDir: statsDistPath,
-      tracker,
-      knownWordCachePath: path.join(USER_DATA_PATH, 'known-words-cache.json'),
-      mpvSocketPath: appState.mpvSocketPath,
-      getAnkiConnectConfig: () => getResolvedConfig().ankiConnect,
-      getYomitanAnkiDeckName: getCurrentYomitanAnkiDeckNameForRuntime,
-      getSecondarySubtitleLanguages: () => getResolvedConfig().secondarySub.secondarySubLanguages,
-      getStatsMiningAlassPath: () => getResolvedConfig().subsync.alass_path,
-      anilistRateLimiter,
-      resolveAnkiNoteId: (noteId: number) =>
-        appState.ankiIntegration?.resolveCurrentNoteId(noteId) ?? noteId,
-      resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords,
-      addYomitanNote: async (word: string) => {
-        const ankiConnectConfig = getResolvedConfig().ankiConnect;
-        const ankiUrl = ankiConnectConfig.url || 'http://127.0.0.1:8765';
-        await syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServerCore(ankiUrl, yomitanDeps, yomitanLogger, {
-          forceOverride: shouldForceOverrideYomitanAnkiServer(ankiConnectConfig),
-          deck: ankiConnectConfig.deck,
-        });
-        const result = await addYomitanNoteViaSearch(word, yomitanDeps, yomitanLogger);
-        if (result.noteId && result.duplicateNoteIds.length > 0) {
-          appState.ankiIntegration?.trackDuplicateNoteIdsForNote(
-            result.noteId,
-            result.duplicateNoteIds,
-          );
-        }
-        return result.noteId;
-      },
-    });
-    appState.statsServer = statsServer;
-  }
-  appState.statsServer = statsServer;
-};
-
-const ensureStatsServerStarted = createEnsureStatsServerUrlHandler({
-  currentPid: process.pid,
-  readBackgroundState: () => readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath),
-  removeBackgroundState: () => {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-  },
-  isProcessAlive: (pid) => isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(pid),
-  hasLocalStatsServer: () => statsServer !== null,
-  startLocalStatsServer,
-  getConfiguredPort: () => getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort,
-});
-
-const ensureBackgroundStatsServerStarted = (): {
-  url: string;
-  runningInCurrentProcess: boolean;
-} => {
-  const liveDaemon = readLiveBackgroundStatsDaemonState();
-  if (liveDaemon && liveDaemon.pid !== process.pid) {
-    return {
-      url: resolveBackgroundStatsServerUrl(liveDaemon),
-      runningInCurrentProcess: false,
-    };
-  }
-
-  appState.statsStartupInProgress = true;
-  try {
-    ensureImmersionTrackerStarted();
-  } finally {
-    appState.statsStartupInProgress = false;
-  }
-
-  const port = getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort;
-  const result = ensureStatsServerStarted();
-  if (result.source === 'local') {
-    writeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath, {
-      pid: process.pid,
-      port,
-      startedAtMs: Date.now(),
-    });
-  }
-  return { url: result.url, runningInCurrentProcess: result.source === 'local' };
-};
-
-const stopBackgroundStatsServer = async (): Promise<{ ok: boolean; stale: boolean }> => {
-  const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-  if (!state) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-    return { ok: true, stale: true };
-  }
-  if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
-    removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-    return { ok: true, stale: true };
-  }
-
-  try {
-    process.kill(state.pid, 'SIGTERM');
-  } catch (error) {
-    if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code === 'ESRCH') {
-      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-      return { ok: true, stale: true };
-    }
-    if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code === 'EPERM') {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Insufficient permissions to stop background stats server (pid ${state.pid}).`,
-      );
-    }
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  const deadline = Date.now() + 2_000;
-  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
-      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
-      return { ok: true, stale: false };
-    }
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
-  }
-
-  throw new Error('Timed out stopping background stats server.');
-};
-
 const resolveLegacyVocabularyPos = async (row: {
   headword: string;
   word: string;
diff --git a/src/main/main-wiring.test.ts b/src/main/main-wiring.test.ts
index 12bbd9ed..647c1cee 100644
--- a/src/main/main-wiring.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/main-wiring.test.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ function readMainSource(): string {
   return fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), 'src/main.ts'), 'utf8');
 }
 
+function readSource(relPath: string): string {
+  return fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), relPath), 'utf8');
+}
+
 test('manual watched session action starts immersion tracker before marking watched', () => {
   const source = readMainSource();
   const actionBlock = source.match(
@@ -346,18 +350,18 @@ test('warm tokenization release can signal readiness before the first subtitle a
 });
 
 test('stats server Yomitan note creation honors configured Anki server override policy', () => {
-  const source = readMainSource();
+  const source = readSource('src/main/runtime/stats-server-runtime.ts');
   const startStatsServerBlock = source.match(
-    /statsServer = startStatsServer\(\{(?<body>[\s\S]*?)\n    \}\);/,
+    /statsServer = startStatsServer\(\{(?<body>[\s\S]*?)\n      \}\);/,
   )?.groups?.body;
   const addYomitanNoteBlock = startStatsServerBlock?.match(
-    /addYomitanNote:\s*async\s*\(word: string\)\s*=>\s*\{(?<body>[\s\S]*?)\n      \},/,
+    /addYomitanNote:\s*async\s*\(word: string\)\s*=>\s*\{(?<body>[\s\S]*?)\n        \},/,
   )?.groups?.body;
 
   assert.ok(addYomitanNoteBlock);
   assert.match(
     addYomitanNoteBlock,
-    /const ankiConnectConfig = getResolvedConfig\(\)\.ankiConnect;/,
+    /const ankiConnectConfig = deps\.getResolvedConfig\(\)\.ankiConnect;/,
   );
   assert.match(addYomitanNoteBlock, /shouldForceOverrideYomitanAnkiServer\(ankiConnectConfig\)/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(addYomitanNoteBlock, /forceOverride:\s*true/);
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/stats-server-runtime.ts b/src/main/runtime/stats-server-runtime.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b7b37cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/runtime/stats-server-runtime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+import path from 'node:path';
+import type { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
+import {
+  addYomitanNoteViaSearch,
+  syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServer as syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServerCore,
+} from '../../core/services';
+import { startStatsServer } from '../../core/services/stats-server';
+import { createLogger } from '../../logger';
+import type { ResolvedConfig } from '../../types/config';
+import type { AppState } from '../state';
+import {
+  isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive,
+  readBackgroundStatsServerState,
+  removeBackgroundStatsServerState,
+  resolveBackgroundStatsServerUrl,
+  writeBackgroundStatsServerState,
+} from './stats-daemon';
+import { createEnsureStatsServerUrlHandler } from './stats-server-routing';
+import { shouldForceOverrideYomitanAnkiServer } from './yomitan-anki-server';
+
+export interface StatsServerRuntimeDeps {
+  userDataPath: string;
+  statsDistPath: string;
+  getResolvedConfig: () => ResolvedConfig;
+  getImmersionTracker: () => AppState['immersionTracker'];
+  setAppStateStatsServer: (server: AppState['statsServer']) => void;
+  getMpvSocketPath: () => AppState['mpvSocketPath'];
+  getYomitanExt: () => AppState['yomitanExt'];
+  getYomitanSession: () => AppState['yomitanSession'];
+  getYomitanParserWindow: () => AppState['yomitanParserWindow'];
+  setYomitanParserWindow: (w: BrowserWindow | null) => void;
+  getYomitanParserReadyPromise: () => AppState['yomitanParserReadyPromise'];
+  setYomitanParserReadyPromise: (p: Promise<void> | null) => void;
+  getYomitanParserInitPromise: () => AppState['yomitanParserInitPromise'];
+  setYomitanParserInitPromise: (p: Promise<boolean> | null) => void;
+  getYomitanAnkiDeckName: () => Promise<string>;
+  getAnilistRateLimiter: () => NonNullable<
+    Parameters<typeof startStatsServer>[0]['anilistRateLimiter']
+  >;
+  resolveAnkiNoteId: (noteId: number) => number;
+  trackDuplicateNoteIdsForNote: (noteId: number, duplicateNoteIds: number[]) => void;
+  resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords: (term: string) => Promise<string[]>;
+  ensureImmersionTrackerStarted: () => void;
+  setStatsStartupInProgress: (inProgress: boolean) => void;
+}
+
+export function createStatsServerRuntime(deps: StatsServerRuntimeDeps): {
+  stopStatsServer: () => void;
+  ensureStatsServerStarted: ReturnType<typeof createEnsureStatsServerUrlHandler>;
+  ensureBackgroundStatsServerStarted: () => {
+    url: string;
+    runningInCurrentProcess: boolean;
+  };
+  stopBackgroundStatsServer: () => Promise<{ ok: boolean; stale: boolean }>;
+} {
+  let statsServer: ReturnType<typeof startStatsServer> | null = null;
+  const statsDaemonStatePath = path.join(deps.userDataPath, 'stats-daemon.json');
+
+  function readLiveBackgroundStatsDaemonState(): {
+    pid: number;
+    port: number;
+    startedAtMs: number;
+  } | null {
+    const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+    if (!state) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (state.pid === process.pid && !statsServer) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+      return null;
+    }
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  function clearOwnedBackgroundStatsDaemonState(): void {
+    const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+    if (state?.pid === process.pid) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function stopStatsServer(): void {
+    if (!statsServer) {
+      return;
+    }
+    statsServer.close();
+    statsServer = null;
+    clearOwnedBackgroundStatsDaemonState();
+  }
+
+  const startLocalStatsServer = (): void => {
+    const tracker = deps.getImmersionTracker();
+    if (!tracker) {
+      throw new Error('Immersion tracker failed to initialize.');
+    }
+    if (!statsServer) {
+      const yomitanDeps = {
+        getYomitanExt: () => deps.getYomitanExt(),
+        getYomitanSession: () => deps.getYomitanSession(),
+        getYomitanParserWindow: () => deps.getYomitanParserWindow(),
+        setYomitanParserWindow: (w: BrowserWindow | null) => {
+          deps.setYomitanParserWindow(w);
+        },
+        getYomitanParserReadyPromise: () => deps.getYomitanParserReadyPromise(),
+        setYomitanParserReadyPromise: (p: Promise<void> | null) => {
+          deps.setYomitanParserReadyPromise(p);
+        },
+        getYomitanParserInitPromise: () => deps.getYomitanParserInitPromise(),
+        setYomitanParserInitPromise: (p: Promise<boolean> | null) => {
+          deps.setYomitanParserInitPromise(p);
+        },
+      };
+      const yomitanLogger = createLogger('main:yomitan-stats');
+      statsServer = startStatsServer({
+        port: deps.getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort,
+        staticDir: deps.statsDistPath,
+        tracker,
+        knownWordCachePath: path.join(deps.userDataPath, 'known-words-cache.json'),
+        mpvSocketPath: deps.getMpvSocketPath(),
+        getAnkiConnectConfig: () => deps.getResolvedConfig().ankiConnect,
+        getYomitanAnkiDeckName: deps.getYomitanAnkiDeckName,
+        getSecondarySubtitleLanguages: () =>
+          deps.getResolvedConfig().secondarySub.secondarySubLanguages,
+        getStatsMiningAlassPath: () => deps.getResolvedConfig().subsync.alass_path,
+        anilistRateLimiter: deps.getAnilistRateLimiter(),
+        resolveAnkiNoteId: (noteId: number) => deps.resolveAnkiNoteId(noteId),
+        resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords: (term: string) => deps.resolveSentenceSearchHeadwords(term),
+        addYomitanNote: async (word: string) => {
+          const ankiConnectConfig = deps.getResolvedConfig().ankiConnect;
+          const ankiUrl = ankiConnectConfig.url || 'http://127.0.0.1:8765';
+          await syncYomitanDefaultAnkiServerCore(ankiUrl, yomitanDeps, yomitanLogger, {
+            forceOverride: shouldForceOverrideYomitanAnkiServer(ankiConnectConfig),
+            deck: ankiConnectConfig.deck,
+          });
+          const result = await addYomitanNoteViaSearch(word, yomitanDeps, yomitanLogger);
+          if (result.noteId && result.duplicateNoteIds.length > 0) {
+            deps.trackDuplicateNoteIdsForNote(result.noteId, result.duplicateNoteIds);
+          }
+          return result.noteId;
+        },
+      });
+      deps.setAppStateStatsServer(statsServer);
+    }
+    deps.setAppStateStatsServer(statsServer);
+  };
+
+  const ensureStatsServerStarted = createEnsureStatsServerUrlHandler({
+    currentPid: process.pid,
+    readBackgroundState: () => readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath),
+    removeBackgroundState: () => {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+    },
+    isProcessAlive: (pid) => isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(pid),
+    hasLocalStatsServer: () => statsServer !== null,
+    startLocalStatsServer,
+    getConfiguredPort: () => deps.getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort,
+  });
+
+  const ensureBackgroundStatsServerStarted = (): {
+    url: string;
+    runningInCurrentProcess: boolean;
+  } => {
+    const liveDaemon = readLiveBackgroundStatsDaemonState();
+    if (liveDaemon && liveDaemon.pid !== process.pid) {
+      return {
+        url: resolveBackgroundStatsServerUrl(liveDaemon),
+        runningInCurrentProcess: false,
+      };
+    }
+
+    deps.setStatsStartupInProgress(true);
+    try {
+      deps.ensureImmersionTrackerStarted();
+    } finally {
+      deps.setStatsStartupInProgress(false);
+    }
+
+    const port = deps.getResolvedConfig().stats.serverPort;
+    const result = ensureStatsServerStarted();
+    if (result.source === 'local') {
+      writeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath, {
+        pid: process.pid,
+        port,
+        startedAtMs: Date.now(),
+      });
+    }
+    return { url: result.url, runningInCurrentProcess: result.source === 'local' };
+  };
+
+  const stopBackgroundStatsServer = async (): Promise<{ ok: boolean; stale: boolean }> => {
+    const state = readBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+    if (!state) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+      return { ok: true, stale: true };
+    }
+    if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
+      removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+      return { ok: true, stale: true };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      process.kill(state.pid, 'SIGTERM');
+    } catch (error) {
+      if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code === 'ESRCH') {
+        removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+        return { ok: true, stale: true };
+      }
+      if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code === 'EPERM') {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Insufficient permissions to stop background stats server (pid ${state.pid}).`,
+        );
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 2_000;
+    while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+      if (!isBackgroundStatsServerProcessAlive(state.pid)) {
+        removeBackgroundStatsServerState(statsDaemonStatePath);
+        return { ok: true, stale: false };
+      }
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('Timed out stopping background stats server.');
+  };
+
+  return {
+    stopStatsServer,
+    ensureStatsServerStarted,
+    ensureBackgroundStatsServerStarted,
+    stopBackgroundStatsServer,
+  };
+}