From 74554a30f0f9bcc8dfb148ccabc32068cc13d224 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sudacode <suda@sudacode.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 16:40:46 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] refactor: remove invisible subtitle overlay code

---
 README.md                                     |   2 +-
 docs/README.md                                |   2 +-
 docs/configuration.md                         |  20 +-
 docs/installation.md                          |   3 -
 docs/mpv-plugin.md                            |  18 +-
 docs/public/config.example.jsonc              |  15 +-
 docs/shortcuts.md                             |   9 +-
 docs/troubleshooting.md                       |   8 +-
 docs/usage.md                                 |  14 +-
 plugin/subminer.conf                          |   6 -
 plugin/subminer.lua                           | 137 +-------
 src/cli/args.ts                               |  16 -
 src/cli/help.ts                               |   3 -
 src/config/config.test.ts                     |  49 ++-
 src/config/definitions.ts                     |   2 -
 src/config/definitions/defaults-core.ts       |   5 -
 src/config/definitions/defaults-subtitle.ts   |   3 +-
 src/config/definitions/options-subtitle.ts    |   6 +
 src/config/definitions/template-sections.ts   |   9 -
 src/config/resolve/subtitle-domains.ts        |  20 ++
 src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts         |  21 --
 src/core/services/cli-command.ts              |  20 +-
 .../services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts   |   6 -
 src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.ts   |   4 -
 src/core/services/field-grouping.ts           |   6 -
 src/core/services/ipc.test.ts                 |  33 +-
 src/core/services/ipc.ts                      |  60 +---
 src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts      |  42 ++-
 src/core/services/overlay-bridge.ts           |  23 +-
 .../overlay-content-measurement.test.ts       |  12 +-
 .../services/overlay-content-measurement.ts   |   3 +-
 src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts     |  19 +-
 .../services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts |   1 -
 src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts  | 265 ++++++++++++++
 src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts       | 143 ++------
 src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts      |  32 +-
 src/core/services/shortcut.ts                 |  27 +-
 src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts   |   3 -
 src/core/services/startup.ts                  |  18 +-
 src/core/services/subtitle-position.ts        |  15 +-
 src/core/utils/shortcut-config.ts             |   5 -
 src/main/cli-runtime.ts                       |   4 -
 src/main/dependencies.ts                      |  14 +-
 src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts        |  57 +---
 .../app-lifecycle-main-activate.test.ts       |   8 +-
 .../runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.ts    |   6 +-
 .../runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.test.ts     |  12 +-
 src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.ts     |   4 +-
 .../runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts  |   2 -
 src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts  |   4 -
 .../cli-command-context-factory.test.ts       |  12 +-
 .../cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts     |  11 +-
 .../runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts  |   4 -
 src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts  |   2 -
 src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts       |   4 -
 .../composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts    |   4 -
 .../composers/mpv-runtime-composer.test.ts    |   2 +
 .../shortcuts-runtime-composer.test.ts        |   1 -
 src/main/runtime/config-derived.ts            |   5 -
 .../field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.test.ts  |  11 +-
 .../field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.ts       |   2 -
 .../global-shortcuts-main-deps.test.ts        |   5 +-
 .../runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.ts     |   2 -
 .../global-shortcuts-runtime-handlers.test.ts |   2 -
 src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.test.ts     |   5 +-
 src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.ts          |   2 -
 .../runtime/jellyfin-command-dispatch.test.ts |   3 -
 .../runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.test.ts |  22 ++
 src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.ts |   6 +-
 src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.test.ts  | 161 ---------
 src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.ts       | 138 --------
 .../runtime/mpv-main-event-actions.test.ts    |   2 +
 .../overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts       |   3 -
 .../runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.ts    |   1 -
 ...overlay-runtime-bootstrap-handlers.test.ts |  12 +-
 .../runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.test.ts |   8 +-
 src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts |  11 +-
 ...lay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.test.ts |   6 +-
 .../overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.ts |   4 -
 .../overlay-runtime-main-actions.test.ts      |   7 +-
 .../runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.ts   |   3 -
 .../overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts |  13 -
 .../overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts      |  21 --
 .../runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts   |  13 -
 src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts   |  15 -
 ...erlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.test.ts |  48 ---
 .../overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.ts   |  29 --
 .../overlay-visibility-actions.test.ts        |  47 ---
 .../runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.ts     |  46 ---
 ...erlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts |  18 +-
 .../overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts   |   9 +-
 .../overlay-visibility-runtime.test.ts        |  37 --
 .../runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts     |  24 --
 .../overlay-window-layout-main-deps.test.ts   |  19 +-
 .../overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts        |  14 +-
 .../runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts     |  24 +-
 src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts     |  18 +-
 .../runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts       |   2 -
 .../runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.ts    |   1 -
 src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts             |  90 +----
 src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts                | 323 +++---------------
 src/renderer/modals/jimaku.ts                 |   1 -
 src/renderer/modals/kiku.ts                   |   1 -
 src/renderer/modals/runtime-options.ts        |   2 -
 src/renderer/modals/session-help.ts           |   1 -
 src/renderer/modals/subsync.ts                |   2 -
 src/renderer/overlay-content-measurement.ts   |   4 +-
 src/renderer/overlay-legacy-cleanup.test.ts   |  34 ++
 src/renderer/positioning/controller.ts        |  33 +-
 .../invisible-layout-helpers.test.ts          | 243 -------------
 .../positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.ts   | 228 -------------
 .../invisible-layout-metrics.test.ts          | 112 ------
 .../positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.ts   | 150 --------
 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout.ts  |  87 -----
 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-offset.ts  | 161 ---------
 src/renderer/positioning/position-state.ts    |  21 --
 src/renderer/state.ts                         |  43 ---
 src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts                 |  16 +
 src/shared/ipc/validators.ts                  |  10 -
 119 files changed, 691 insertions(+), 2946 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.ts
 create mode 100644 src/renderer/overlay-legacy-cleanup.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.test.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout.ts
 delete mode 100644 src/renderer/positioning/invisible-offset.ts
 create mode 100644 src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 82ba7af..8c122a3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ subminer app --start --yomitan
 
 ```bash
 subminer app --start --background
-subminer video.mkv # toggle invisible overlay with y-i and visible overlay with y-t
+subminer video.mkv # y-t toggles overlay visibility
 ```
 
 ## Requirements
diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md
index 8b8809b..1cd8d65 100644
--- a/docs/README.md
+++ b/docs/README.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ make docs-preview # Preview built site at http://localhost:4173
 
 - [Installation](/installation) — Requirements, Linux/macOS/Windows install, mpv plugin setup
 - [Usage](/usage) — `subminer` wrapper + subcommands (`jellyfin`, `yt`, `doctor`, `config`, `mpv`, `texthooker`, `app`), mpv plugin, keybindings
-- [Mining Workflow](/mining-workflow) — End-to-end sentence mining guide, overlay layers, card creation
+- [Mining Workflow](/mining-workflow) — End-to-end sentence mining guide, single overlay + modals, card creation
 
 ### Reference
 
diff --git a/docs/configuration.md b/docs/configuration.md
index b24566a..d747bb9 100644
--- a/docs/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration.md
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ The configuration file includes several main sections:
 - [**Auto-Start Overlay**](#auto-start-overlay) - Automatically show overlay on MPV connection
 - [**Visible Overlay Subtitle Binding**](#visible-overlay-subtitle-binding) - Link visible overlay toggles to MPV subtitle visibility
 - [**Auto Subtitle Sync**](#auto-subtitle-sync) - Sync current subtitle with `alass`/`ffsubsync`
-- [**Invisible Overlay**](#invisible-overlay) - Startup visibility behavior for the invisible mining layer
+- [**Subtitle Position Edit**](#subtitle-position-edit) - Fine-tune subtitle alignment in overlay
 - [**Jimaku**](#jimaku) - Jimaku API configuration and defaults
 - [**AniList**](#anilist) - Optional post-watch progress updates
 - [**Jellyfin**](#jellyfin) - Optional Jellyfin auth, library listing, and playback launch
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ Control whether the overlay automatically becomes visible when it connects to mp
 | -------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
 | `auto_start_overlay` | `true`, `false` | Auto-show overlay on mpv connection (default: `false`) |
 
-The mpv plugin controls startup per layer via `auto_start_visible_overlay` and `auto_start_invisible_overlay` in `subminer.conf` (`platform-default` for invisible means hidden on Linux, visible on macOS/Windows).
+The mpv plugin controls startup overlay visibility via `auto_start_visible_overlay` in `subminer.conf`.
 
 ### Visible Overlay Subtitle Binding
 
@@ -379,20 +379,12 @@ Sync the active subtitle track using `alass` (preferred) or `ffsubsync`:
 Default trigger is `Ctrl+Alt+S` via `shortcuts.triggerSubsync`.
 Customize it there, or set it to `null` to disable.
 
-### Invisible Overlay
+### Subtitle Position Edit
 
-SubMiner includes a second subtitle mining layer that can be visually invisible while still interactive for Yomitan lookups.
-
-- `invisibleOverlay.startupVisibility` values:
-
-1. `"platform-default"`: hidden on Wayland, visible on Windows/macOS/other sessions.
-2. `"visible"`: always shown on startup.
-3. `"hidden"`: always hidden on startup.
-
-Invisible subtitle positioning can be adjusted directly in the invisible layer:
+Subtitle positioning can be adjusted directly in the overlay:
 
 - `Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P` toggles position edit mode.
-- Use arrow keys to move the invisible subtitle text.
+- Use arrow keys to move subtitle text.
 - Press `Enter` or `Ctrl/Cmd+S` to save, or `Esc` to cancel.
 - This edit-mode shortcut is fixed (not currently configurable in `shortcuts`/`keybindings`).
 
@@ -670,7 +662,6 @@ See `config.example.jsonc` for detailed configuration options.
 {
   "shortcuts": {
     "toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+O",
-    "toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+I",
     "copySubtitle": "CommandOrControl+C",
     "copySubtitleMultiple": "CommandOrControl+Shift+C",
     "updateLastCardFromClipboard": "CommandOrControl+V",
@@ -689,7 +680,6 @@ See `config.example.jsonc` for detailed configuration options.
 | Option                         | Values           | Description                                                                                                                                   |
 | ------------------------------ | ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | `toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal`   | string \| `null` | Global accelerator for toggling visible subtitle overlay (default: `"Alt+Shift+O"`)                                                           |
-| `toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal` | string \| `null` | Global accelerator for toggling invisible interactive overlay (default: `"Alt+Shift+I"`)                                                      |
 | `copySubtitle`                 | string \| `null` | Accelerator for copying current subtitle (default: `"CommandOrControl+C"`)                                                                    |
 | `copySubtitleMultiple`         | string \| `null` | Accelerator for multi-copy mode (default: `"CommandOrControl+Shift+C"`)                                                                       |
 | `updateLastCardFromClipboard`  | string \| `null` | Accelerator for updating card from clipboard (default: `"CommandOrControl+V"`)                                                                |
diff --git a/docs/installation.md b/docs/installation.md
index 18728c4..75be63e 100644
--- a/docs/installation.md
+++ b/docs/installation.md
@@ -181,9 +181,6 @@ All keybindings use a `y` chord prefix — press `y`, then the second key:
 | `y-s` | Start overlay                         |
 | `y-S` | Stop overlay                          |
 | `y-t` | Toggle visible overlay                |
-| `y-i` | Toggle invisible overlay              |
-| `y-I` | Show invisible overlay                |
-| `y-u` | Hide invisible overlay                |
 | `y-o` | Open Yomitan settings                 |
 | `y-r` | Restart overlay                       |
 | `y-c` | Check overlay status                  |
diff --git a/docs/mpv-plugin.md b/docs/mpv-plugin.md
index 72be4cb..9a489e0 100644
--- a/docs/mpv-plugin.md
+++ b/docs/mpv-plugin.md
@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ All keybindings use a `y` chord prefix — press `y`, then the second key:
 | `y-s` | Start overlay            |
 | `y-S` | Stop overlay             |
 | `y-t` | Toggle visible overlay   |
-| `y-i` | Toggle invisible overlay |
-| `y-I` | Show invisible overlay   |
-| `y-u` | Hide invisible overlay   |
 | `y-o` | Open settings window     |
 | `y-r` | Restart overlay          |
 | `y-c` | Check status             |
@@ -50,10 +47,9 @@ SubMiner:
 1. Start overlay
 2. Stop overlay
 3. Toggle overlay
-4. Toggle invisible overlay
-5. Open options
-6. Restart overlay
-7. Check status
+4. Open options
+5. Restart overlay
+6. Check status
 ```
 
 Select an item by pressing its number.
@@ -84,10 +80,6 @@ auto_start=no
 # Show the visible overlay on auto-start.
 auto_start_visible_overlay=no
 
-# Invisible overlay startup: platform-default, visible, hidden.
-# platform-default = hidden on Linux, visible on macOS/Windows.
-auto_start_invisible_overlay=platform-default
-
 # Show OSD messages for overlay status changes.
 osd_messages=yes
 
@@ -129,7 +121,6 @@ aniskip_button_duration=3
 | `backend`                      | `auto`                 | `auto`, `hyprland`, `sway`, `x11`, `macos` | Window manager backend           |
 | `auto_start`                   | `no`                   | `yes` / `no`                               | Auto-start overlay on file load  |
 | `auto_start_visible_overlay`   | `no`                   | `yes` / `no`                               | Show visible layer on auto-start |
-| `auto_start_invisible_overlay` | `platform-default`     | `platform-default`, `visible`, `hidden`    | Invisible layer on auto-start    |
 | `osd_messages`                 | `yes`                  | `yes` / `no`                               | Show OSD status messages         |
 | `log_level`                    | `info`                 | `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`           | Log verbosity                    |
 | `aniskip_enabled`              | `yes`                  | `yes` / `no`                               | Enable AniSkip intro detection   |
@@ -182,9 +173,6 @@ The plugin can be controlled from other mpv scripts or the mpv command line usin
 script-message subminer-start
 script-message subminer-stop
 script-message subminer-toggle
-script-message subminer-toggle-invisible
-script-message subminer-show-invisible
-script-message subminer-hide-invisible
 script-message subminer-menu
 script-message subminer-options
 script-message subminer-restart
diff --git a/docs/public/config.example.jsonc b/docs/public/config.example.jsonc
index f7f4926..4c0103c 100644
--- a/docs/public/config.example.jsonc
+++ b/docs/public/config.example.jsonc
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
   // ==========================================
   "shortcuts": {
     "toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+O", // Toggle visible overlay global setting.
-    "toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+I", // Toggle invisible overlay global setting.
     "copySubtitle": "CommandOrControl+C", // Copy subtitle setting.
     "copySubtitleMultiple": "CommandOrControl+Shift+C", // Copy subtitle multiple setting.
     "updateLastCardFromClipboard": "CommandOrControl+V", // Update last card from clipboard setting.
@@ -68,16 +67,6 @@
     "openJimaku": "Ctrl+Shift+J" // Open jimaku setting.
   }, // Overlay keyboard shortcuts. Set a shortcut to null to disable.
 
-  // ==========================================
-  // Invisible Overlay
-  // Startup behavior for the invisible interactive subtitle mining layer.
-  // Invisible subtitle position edit mode: Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P to toggle, arrow keys to move, Enter or Ctrl/Cmd+S to save, Esc to cancel.
-  // This edit-mode shortcut is fixed and is not currently configurable.
-  // ==========================================
-  "invisibleOverlay": {
-    "startupVisibility": "platform-default" // Startup visibility setting.
-  }, // Startup behavior for the invisible interactive subtitle mining layer.
-
   // ==========================================
   // Keybindings (MPV Commands)
   // Extra keybindings that are merged with built-in defaults.
@@ -123,9 +112,11 @@
   // Hot-reload: subtitle style changes apply live without restarting SubMiner.
   // ==========================================
   "subtitleStyle": {
+    // Additional CSS declarations are also allowed and applied directly to subtitle roots/containers (for example: lineHeight, textShadow, -webkit-text-stroke, backdropFilter).
     "enableJlpt": false, // Enable JLPT vocabulary level underlines. When disabled, JLPT tagging lookup and underlines are skipped. Values: true | false
     "preserveLineBreaks": false, // Preserve line breaks in visible overlay subtitle rendering. When false, line breaks are flattened to spaces for a single-line flow. Values: true | false
-    "hoverTokenColor": "#c6a0f6", // Hex color used for hovered subtitle token highlight in mpv.
+    "hoverTokenColor": "#f4dbd6", // Hex color used for hovered subtitle token highlight in the overlay.
+    "hoverTokenBackgroundColor": "#363a4fd6", // CSS color used for hovered subtitle token background highlight in the overlay.
     "fontFamily": "M PLUS 1, Noto Sans CJK JP Regular, Noto Sans CJK JP, Hiragino Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Yu Gothic, Arial Unicode MS, Arial, sans-serif", // Font family setting.
     "fontSize": 35, // Font size setting.
     "fontColor": "#cad3f5", // Font color setting.
diff --git a/docs/shortcuts.md b/docs/shortcuts.md
index 4ce1285..934eec7 100644
--- a/docs/shortcuts.md
+++ b/docs/shortcuts.md
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ These work system-wide regardless of which window has focus.
 | Shortcut      | Action                   | Configurable                             |
 | ------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
 | `Alt+Shift+O` | Toggle visible overlay   | `shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal`   |
-| `Alt+Shift+I` | Toggle invisible overlay | `shortcuts.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal` |
 | `Alt+Shift+Y` | Open Yomitan settings    | Fixed (not configurable)                 |
 
 ::: tip
@@ -64,9 +63,9 @@ These keybindings can be overridden or disabled via the `keybindings` config arr
 | `Ctrl+Shift+J`     | Open Jimaku subtitle search modal                        | `shortcuts.openJimaku`         |
 | `Ctrl+Alt+S`       | Open subtitle sync (subsync) modal                       | `shortcuts.triggerSubsync`     |
 
-## Invisible Subtitle Position Edit Mode
+## Subtitle Position Edit Mode
 
-Enter edit mode to fine-tune invisible overlay alignment with mpv's native subtitles.
+Enter edit mode to fine-tune subtitle alignment.
 
 | Shortcut              | Action                           |
 | --------------------- | -------------------------------- |
@@ -86,9 +85,6 @@ When the mpv plugin is installed, all commands use a `y` chord prefix — press
 | `y-s` | Start overlay                           |
 | `y-S` | Stop overlay                            |
 | `y-t` | Toggle visible overlay                  |
-| `y-i` | Toggle invisible overlay                |
-| `y-I` | Show invisible overlay                  |
-| `y-u` | Hide invisible overlay                  |
 | `y-o` | Open Yomitan settings                   |
 | `y-r` | Restart overlay                         |
 | `y-c` | Check overlay status                    |
@@ -112,7 +108,6 @@ All `shortcuts.*` keys accept [Electron accelerator strings](https://www.electro
     "mineSentence": "CommandOrControl+S",
     "copySubtitle": "CommandOrControl+C",
     "toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+O",
-    "toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+I",
     "openJimaku": null, // disabled
   },
 }
diff --git a/docs/troubleshooting.md b/docs/troubleshooting.md
index 94c049e..ebf70f3 100644
--- a/docs/troubleshooting.md
+++ b/docs/troubleshooting.md
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ SubMiner positions the overlay by tracking the mpv window. If tracking fails:
 - Sway: Ensure `swaymsg` is available.
 - X11: Ensure `xdotool` and `xwininfo` are installed.
 
-If the overlay position is slightly off, use invisible subtitle position edit mode (`Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P`) to fine-tune the offset with arrow keys, then save with `Enter` or `Ctrl+S`.
+If the overlay position is slightly off, use subtitle position edit mode (`Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P`) to fine-tune the offset with arrow keys, then save with `Enter` or `Ctrl+S`.
 
 ## Yomitan
 
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ Media generation has a 30-second timeout (60 seconds for animated AVIF). If your
 
 **"Failed to register global shortcut"**
 
-Global shortcuts (`Alt+Shift+O`, `Alt+Shift+I`, `Alt+Shift+Y`) may conflict with other applications or desktop environment keybindings.
+Global shortcuts (`Alt+Shift+O`, `Alt+Shift+Y`) may conflict with other applications or desktop environment keybindings.
 
 - Check your DE/WM keybinding settings for conflicts.
-- Change the shortcuts in your config under `shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal`, `shortcuts.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal`.
+- Change the shortcut in your config under `shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal`.
 - On Wayland, global shortcut registration has limitations depending on the compositor.
 
 **Overlay keybindings not working**
@@ -273,5 +273,5 @@ The Jimaku API has rate limits. If you see 429 errors, wait for the retry durati
 ### macOS
 
 - **Accessibility permission**: Required for window tracking. Grant it in System Settings > Privacy & Security > Accessibility.
-- **Font rendering**: macOS uses a 0.87x font compensation factor for subtitle alignment between mpv and the overlay. If text alignment looks off, adjust the invisible subtitle offset.
+- **Font rendering**: macOS uses a 0.87x font compensation factor for subtitle alignment between mpv and the overlay. If text alignment looks off, adjust subtitle offset in position edit mode.
 - **Gatekeeper**: If macOS blocks SubMiner, right-click the app and select "Open" to bypass the warning, or remove the quarantine attribute: `xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/SubMiner.app`
diff --git a/docs/usage.md b/docs/usage.md
index 4e1273c..e7a094a 100644
--- a/docs/usage.md
+++ b/docs/usage.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ There are two ways to use SubMiner — the `subminer` wrapper script or the mpv
 | Approach            | Best For                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
 | ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | **subminer script** | All-in-one solution. Handles video selection, launches MPV with the correct socket, and manages app commands. Overlay start is explicit (`--start`, `-S`, or `y-s`).                                           |
-| **MPV plugin**      | When you launch MPV yourself or from other tools. Provides in-MPV chord keybindings (e.g. `y-y` for menu) to control visible and invisible overlay layers. Requires `--input-ipc-server=/tmp/subminer-socket`. |
+| **MPV plugin**      | When you launch MPV yourself or from other tools. Provides in-MPV chord keybindings (e.g. `y-y` for menu) to control overlay visibility. Requires `--input-ipc-server=/tmp/subminer-socket`. |
 
 You can use both together—install the plugin for on-demand control, but use `subminer` when you want the streamlined workflow.
 
@@ -68,11 +68,8 @@ SubMiner.AppImage --start --texthooker   # Start overlay with texthooker
 SubMiner.AppImage --texthooker           # Launch texthooker only (no overlay window)
 SubMiner.AppImage --stop                  # Stop overlay
 SubMiner.AppImage --start --toggle        # Start MPV IPC + toggle visibility
-SubMiner.AppImage --start --toggle-invisible-overlay  # Start MPV IPC + toggle invisible layer
 SubMiner.AppImage --show-visible-overlay              # Force show visible overlay
 SubMiner.AppImage --hide-visible-overlay              # Force hide visible overlay
-SubMiner.AppImage --show-invisible-overlay            # Force show invisible overlay
-SubMiner.AppImage --hide-invisible-overlay            # Force hide invisible overlay
 SubMiner.AppImage --start --dev                         # Enable app/dev mode only
 SubMiner.AppImage --start --debug                       # Alias for --dev
 SubMiner.AppImage --start --log-level debug             # Force verbose logging without app/dev mode
@@ -173,7 +170,6 @@ Notes:
 | Keybind       | Action                   |
 | ------------- | ------------------------ |
 | `Alt+Shift+O` | Toggle visible overlay   |
-| `Alt+Shift+I` | Toggle invisible overlay |
 | `Alt+Shift+Y` | Open Yomitan settings    |
 
 `Alt+Shift+Y` is a fixed global shortcut; it is not part of `shortcuts` config.
@@ -195,10 +191,10 @@ Notes:
 | `Ctrl+W`             | Quit mpv                                           |
 | `Right-click`        | Toggle MPV pause (outside subtitle area)           |
 | `Right-click + drag` | Move subtitle position (on subtitle)               |
-| `Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P`   | Toggle invisible subtitle position edit mode       |
-| `Arrow keys`         | Move invisible subtitles while edit mode is active |
-| `Enter` / `Ctrl+S`   | Save invisible subtitle position in edit mode      |
-| `Esc`                | Cancel invisible subtitle position edit mode       |
+| `Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P`   | Toggle subtitle position edit mode                 |
+| `Arrow keys`         | Move subtitles while edit mode is active           |
+| `Enter` / `Ctrl+S`   | Save subtitle position in edit mode                |
+| `Esc`                | Cancel subtitle position edit mode                 |
 | `Ctrl/Cmd+A`         | Append clipboard video path to MPV playlist        |
 
 These keybindings only work when the overlay window has focus. See [Configuration](/configuration) for customization.
diff --git a/plugin/subminer.conf b/plugin/subminer.conf
index ec489d8..9b975fa 100644
--- a/plugin/subminer.conf
+++ b/plugin/subminer.conf
@@ -26,11 +26,6 @@ auto_start=no
 # Automatically show visible overlay when overlay starts
 auto_start_visible_overlay=no
 
-# Automatically show invisible overlay when overlay starts
-# Values: platform-default, visible, hidden
-# platform-default => hidden on Linux, visible on macOS/Windows
-auto_start_invisible_overlay=platform-default
-
 # Legacy alias (maps to auto_start_visible_overlay)
 # auto_start_overlay=no
 
@@ -70,4 +65,3 @@ aniskip_button_duration=3
 
 # MPV keybindings provided by plugin/subminer.lua:
 # y-s start, y-S stop, y-t toggle visible overlay
-# y-i toggle invisible overlay, y-I show invisible overlay, y-u hide invisible overlay
diff --git a/plugin/subminer.lua b/plugin/subminer.lua
index d1a8649..d5a9a16 100644
--- a/plugin/subminer.lua
+++ b/plugin/subminer.lua
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ local function default_socket_path()
 	return "/tmp/subminer-socket"
 end
 
-local function is_linux()
-	return not is_windows() and not is_macos()
-end
-
 local function is_subminer_process_running()
 	local command = is_windows() and { "tasklist", "/FO", "CSV", "/NH" } or { "ps", "-A", "-o", "args=" }
 	local result = mp.command_native({
@@ -140,7 +136,6 @@ local opts = {
 	auto_start = true,
 	auto_start_overlay = false, -- legacy alias, maps to auto_start_visible_overlay
 	auto_start_visible_overlay = false,
-	auto_start_invisible_overlay = "platform-default", -- platform-default | visible | hidden
 	osd_messages = true,
 	log_level = "info",
 	aniskip_enabled = true,
@@ -163,7 +158,6 @@ local state = {
 	binary_available = false,
 	binary_path = nil,
 	detected_backend = nil,
-	invisible_overlay_visible = false,
 	hover_highlight = {
 		revision = -1,
 		payload = nil,
@@ -796,6 +790,15 @@ local function fix_ass_color(input, fallback)
 	return b .. g .. r
 end
 
+local function sanitize_hover_ass_color(input, fallback_rgb)
+	local fallback = fix_ass_color(fallback_rgb or DEFAULT_HOVER_COLOR, DEFAULT_HOVER_COLOR)
+	local converted = fix_ass_color(input, fallback)
+	if converted == "000000" then
+		return fallback
+	end
+	return converted
+end
+
 local function escape_ass_text(text)
 	return (text or "")
 		:gsub("\\", "\\\\")
@@ -858,7 +861,7 @@ local function resolve_metrics()
 		border = sub_border_size * window_scale,
 		shadow = sub_shadow_offset * window_scale,
 		base_color = fix_ass_color(mp.get_property("sub-color"), DEFAULT_HOVER_BASE_COLOR),
-		hover_color = fix_ass_color(mp.get_property("sub-color"), DEFAULT_HOVER_COLOR),
+		hover_color = sanitize_hover_ass_color(nil, DEFAULT_HOVER_COLOR),
 	}
 end
 
@@ -1068,7 +1071,7 @@ local function build_hover_subtitle_content(payload)
 	end
 
 	local metrics = resolve_metrics()
-	local hover_color = fix_ass_color(payload.colors and payload.colors.hover or nil, metrics.hover_color)
+	local hover_color = sanitize_hover_ass_color(payload.colors and payload.colors.hover or nil, DEFAULT_HOVER_COLOR)
 	local base_color = fix_ass_color(payload.colors and payload.colors.base or nil, metrics.base_color)
 	return inject_hover_color_to_ass(source_ass, plain_map, hover_start, hover_end, hover_color, base_color)
 end
@@ -1443,39 +1446,13 @@ local function resolve_visible_overlay_startup()
 	return visible
 end
 
-local function resolve_invisible_overlay_startup()
-	local raw = opts.auto_start_invisible_overlay
-	if type(raw) == "boolean" then
-		return raw
-	end
-
-	local mode = type(raw) == "string" and raw:lower() or "platform-default"
-	if mode == "visible" or mode == "show" or mode == "yes" or mode == "true" or mode == "on" then
-		return true
-	end
-	if mode == "hidden" or mode == "hide" or mode == "no" or mode == "false" or mode == "off" then
-		return false
-	end
-
-	-- platform-default
-	return not is_linux()
-end
-
 local function apply_startup_overlay_preferences()
 	local should_show_visible = resolve_visible_overlay_startup()
-	local should_show_invisible = resolve_invisible_overlay_startup()
 
 	local visible_action = should_show_visible and "show-visible-overlay" or "hide-visible-overlay"
 	if not run_control_command(visible_action) then
 		subminer_log("warn", "process", "Failed to apply visible startup action: " .. visible_action)
 	end
-
-	local invisible_action = should_show_invisible and "show-invisible-overlay" or "hide-invisible-overlay"
-	if not run_control_command(invisible_action) then
-		subminer_log("warn", "process", "Failed to apply invisible startup action: " .. invisible_action)
-	end
-
-	state.invisible_overlay_visible = should_show_invisible
 end
 
 local function build_texthooker_args()
@@ -1646,90 +1623,6 @@ local function toggle_overlay()
 	end
 end
 
-local function toggle_invisible_overlay()
-	if not ensure_binary_available() then
-		subminer_log("error", "binary", "SubMiner binary not found")
-		show_osd("Error: binary not found")
-		return
-	end
-
-	local args = build_command_args("toggle-invisible-overlay")
-	subminer_log("info", "process", "Toggling invisible overlay: " .. table.concat(args, " "))
-
-	local result = mp.command_native({
-		name = "subprocess",
-		args = args,
-		playback_only = false,
-		capture_stdout = true,
-		capture_stderr = true,
-	})
-
-	if result and result.status ~= 0 then
-		subminer_log("warn", "process", "Invisible toggle command failed")
-		show_osd("Invisible toggle failed")
-		return
-	end
-
-	state.invisible_overlay_visible = not state.invisible_overlay_visible
-	show_osd("Invisible overlay: " .. (state.invisible_overlay_visible and "visible" or "hidden"))
-end
-
-local function show_invisible_overlay()
-	if not ensure_binary_available() then
-		subminer_log("error", "binary", "SubMiner binary not found")
-		show_osd("Error: binary not found")
-		return
-	end
-
-	local args = build_command_args("show-invisible-overlay")
-	subminer_log("info", "process", "Showing invisible overlay: " .. table.concat(args, " "))
-
-	local result = mp.command_native({
-		name = "subprocess",
-		args = args,
-		playback_only = false,
-		capture_stdout = true,
-		capture_stderr = true,
-	})
-
-	if result and result.status ~= 0 then
-		subminer_log("warn", "process", "Show invisible command failed")
-		show_osd("Show invisible failed")
-		return
-	end
-
-	state.invisible_overlay_visible = true
-	show_osd("Invisible overlay: visible")
-end
-
-local function hide_invisible_overlay()
-	if not ensure_binary_available() then
-		subminer_log("error", "binary", "SubMiner binary not found")
-		show_osd("Error: binary not found")
-		return
-	end
-
-	local args = build_command_args("hide-invisible-overlay")
-	subminer_log("info", "process", "Hiding invisible overlay: " .. table.concat(args, " "))
-
-	local result = mp.command_native({
-		name = "subprocess",
-		args = args,
-		playback_only = false,
-		capture_stdout = true,
-		capture_stderr = true,
-	})
-
-	if result and result.status ~= 0 then
-		subminer_log("warn", "process", "Hide invisible command failed")
-		show_osd("Hide invisible failed")
-		return
-	end
-
-	state.invisible_overlay_visible = false
-	show_osd("Invisible overlay: hidden")
-end
-
 local function open_options()
 	if not state.binary_available then
 		subminer_log("error", "binary", "SubMiner binary not found")
@@ -1768,7 +1661,6 @@ local function show_menu()
 		"Start overlay",
 		"Stop overlay",
 		"Toggle overlay",
-		"Toggle invisible overlay",
 		"Open options",
 		"Restart overlay",
 		"Check status",
@@ -1778,7 +1670,6 @@ local function show_menu()
 		start_overlay,
 		stop_overlay,
 		toggle_overlay,
-		toggle_invisible_overlay,
 		open_options,
 		restart_overlay,
 		check_status,
@@ -1895,9 +1786,6 @@ local function register_keybindings()
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-s", "subminer-start", start_overlay)
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-S", "subminer-stop", stop_overlay)
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-t", "subminer-toggle", toggle_overlay)
-	mp.add_key_binding("y-i", "subminer-toggle-invisible", toggle_invisible_overlay)
-	mp.add_key_binding("y-I", "subminer-show-invisible", show_invisible_overlay)
-	mp.add_key_binding("y-u", "subminer-hide-invisible", hide_invisible_overlay)
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-y", "subminer-menu", show_menu)
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-o", "subminer-options", open_options)
 	mp.add_key_binding("y-r", "subminer-restart", restart_overlay)
@@ -1914,9 +1802,6 @@ local function register_script_messages()
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-start", start_overlay_from_script_message)
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-stop", stop_overlay)
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-toggle", toggle_overlay)
-	mp.register_script_message("subminer-toggle-invisible", toggle_invisible_overlay)
-	mp.register_script_message("subminer-show-invisible", show_invisible_overlay)
-	mp.register_script_message("subminer-hide-invisible", hide_invisible_overlay)
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-menu", show_menu)
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-options", open_options)
 	mp.register_script_message("subminer-restart", restart_overlay)
diff --git a/src/cli/args.ts b/src/cli/args.ts
index a031d54..39db2d6 100644
--- a/src/cli/args.ts
+++ b/src/cli/args.ts
@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@ export interface CliArgs {
   stop: boolean;
   toggle: boolean;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: boolean;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: boolean;
   settings: boolean;
   show: boolean;
   hide: boolean;
   showVisibleOverlay: boolean;
   hideVisibleOverlay: boolean;
-  showInvisibleOverlay: boolean;
-  hideInvisibleOverlay: boolean;
   copySubtitle: boolean;
   copySubtitleMultiple: boolean;
   mineSentence: boolean;
@@ -67,14 +64,11 @@ export function parseArgs(argv: string[]): CliArgs {
     stop: false,
     toggle: false,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: false,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: false,
     settings: false,
     show: false,
     hide: false,
     showVisibleOverlay: false,
     hideVisibleOverlay: false,
-    showInvisibleOverlay: false,
-    hideInvisibleOverlay: false,
     copySubtitle: false,
     copySubtitleMultiple: false,
     mineSentence: false,
@@ -122,14 +116,11 @@ export function parseArgs(argv: string[]): CliArgs {
     else if (arg === '--stop') args.stop = true;
     else if (arg === '--toggle') args.toggle = true;
     else if (arg === '--toggle-visible-overlay') args.toggleVisibleOverlay = true;
-    else if (arg === '--toggle-invisible-overlay') args.toggleInvisibleOverlay = true;
     else if (arg === '--settings' || arg === '--yomitan') args.settings = true;
     else if (arg === '--show') args.show = true;
     else if (arg === '--hide') args.hide = true;
     else if (arg === '--show-visible-overlay') args.showVisibleOverlay = true;
     else if (arg === '--hide-visible-overlay') args.hideVisibleOverlay = true;
-    else if (arg === '--show-invisible-overlay') args.showInvisibleOverlay = true;
-    else if (arg === '--hide-invisible-overlay') args.hideInvisibleOverlay = true;
     else if (arg === '--copy-subtitle') args.copySubtitle = true;
     else if (arg === '--copy-subtitle-multiple') args.copySubtitleMultiple = true;
     else if (arg === '--mine-sentence') args.mineSentence = true;
@@ -263,14 +254,11 @@ export function hasExplicitCommand(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     args.stop ||
     args.toggle ||
     args.toggleVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.toggleInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.settings ||
     args.show ||
     args.hide ||
     args.showVisibleOverlay ||
     args.hideVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.showInvisibleOverlay ||
-    args.hideInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.copySubtitle ||
     args.copySubtitleMultiple ||
     args.mineSentence ||
@@ -307,7 +295,6 @@ export function shouldStartApp(args: CliArgs): boolean {
     args.start ||
     args.toggle ||
     args.toggleVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.toggleInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.copySubtitle ||
     args.copySubtitleMultiple ||
     args.mineSentence ||
@@ -331,13 +318,10 @@ export function commandNeedsOverlayRuntime(args: CliArgs): boolean {
   return (
     args.toggle ||
     args.toggleVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.toggleInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.show ||
     args.hide ||
     args.showVisibleOverlay ||
     args.hideVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.showInvisibleOverlay ||
-    args.hideInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.copySubtitle ||
     args.copySubtitleMultiple ||
     args.mineSentence ||
diff --git a/src/cli/help.ts b/src/cli/help.ts
index ecdb0e1..c35658b 100644
--- a/src/cli/help.ts
+++ b/src/cli/help.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,8 @@ ${B}Session${R}
 
 ${B}Overlay${R}
   --toggle-visible-overlay       Toggle subtitle overlay
-  --toggle-invisible-overlay     Toggle interactive overlay ${D}(Yomitan lookup)${R}
   --show-visible-overlay         Show subtitle overlay
   --hide-visible-overlay         Hide subtitle overlay
-  --show-invisible-overlay       Show interactive overlay
-  --hide-invisible-overlay       Hide interactive overlay
   --settings                     Open Yomitan settings window
   --auto-start-overlay           Auto-hide mpv subs, show overlay on connect
 
diff --git a/src/config/config.test.ts b/src/config/config.test.ts
index ed35864..0337efa 100644
--- a/src/config/config.test.ts
+++ b/src/config/config.test.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ test('loads defaults when config is missing', () => {
   assert.equal(config.discordPresence.updateIntervalMs, 3_000);
   assert.equal(config.subtitleStyle.backgroundColor, 'rgb(30, 32, 48, 0.88)');
   assert.equal(config.subtitleStyle.preserveLineBreaks, false);
-  assert.equal(config.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenColor, '#c6a0f6');
+  assert.equal(config.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenColor, '#f4dbd6');
+  assert.equal(config.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor, '#363a4fd6');
   assert.equal(config.immersionTracking.enabled, true);
   assert.equal(config.immersionTracking.dbPath, '');
   assert.equal(config.immersionTracking.batchSize, 25);
@@ -136,6 +137,44 @@ test('parses subtitleStyle.hoverTokenColor and warns on invalid values', () => {
   );
 });
 
+test('parses subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor and warns on invalid values', () => {
+  const validDir = makeTempDir();
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    path.join(validDir, 'config.jsonc'),
+    `{
+      "subtitleStyle": {
+        "hoverTokenBackgroundColor": "#363a4fd6"
+      }
+    }`,
+    'utf-8',
+  );
+
+  const validService = new ConfigService(validDir);
+  assert.equal(validService.getConfig().subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor, '#363a4fd6');
+
+  const invalidDir = makeTempDir();
+  fs.writeFileSync(
+    path.join(invalidDir, 'config.jsonc'),
+    `{
+      "subtitleStyle": {
+        "hoverTokenBackgroundColor": true
+      }
+    }`,
+    'utf-8',
+  );
+
+  const invalidService = new ConfigService(invalidDir);
+  assert.equal(
+    invalidService.getConfig().subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+    DEFAULT_CONFIG.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    invalidService
+      .getWarnings()
+      .some((warning) => warning.path === 'subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor'),
+  );
+});
+
 test('parses anilist.enabled and warns for invalid value', () => {
   const dir = makeTempDir();
   fs.writeFileSync(
@@ -597,19 +636,15 @@ test('warns and ignores unknown top-level config keys', () => {
   assert.ok(warnings.some((warning) => warning.path === 'unknownFeatureFlag'));
 });
 
-test('parses invisible overlay config and new global shortcuts', () => {
+test('parses global shortcuts and startup visibility flags', () => {
   const dir = makeTempDir();
   fs.writeFileSync(
     path.join(dir, 'config.jsonc'),
     `{
       "shortcuts": {
         "toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+U",
-        "toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal": "Alt+Shift+I",
         "openJimaku": "Ctrl+Alt+J"
       },
-      "invisibleOverlay": {
-        "startupVisibility": "hidden"
-      },
       "bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility": false,
       "youtubeSubgen": {
         "primarySubLanguages": ["ja", "jpn", "jp"]
@@ -621,9 +656,7 @@ test('parses invisible overlay config and new global shortcuts', () => {
   const service = new ConfigService(dir);
   const config = service.getConfig();
   assert.equal(config.shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal, 'Alt+Shift+U');
-  assert.equal(config.shortcuts.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal, 'Alt+Shift+I');
   assert.equal(config.shortcuts.openJimaku, 'Ctrl+Alt+J');
-  assert.equal(config.invisibleOverlay.startupVisibility, 'hidden');
   assert.equal(config.bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility, false);
   assert.deepEqual(config.youtubeSubgen.primarySubLanguages, ['ja', 'jpn', 'jp']);
 });
diff --git a/src/config/definitions.ts b/src/config/definitions.ts
index f471b4e..3827dcb 100644
--- a/src/config/definitions.ts
+++ b/src/config/definitions.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ const {
   subsync,
   auto_start_overlay,
   bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility,
-  invisibleOverlay,
 } = CORE_DEFAULT_CONFIG;
 const { ankiConnect, jimaku, anilist, jellyfin, discordPresence, youtubeSubgen } =
   INTEGRATIONS_DEFAULT_CONFIG;
@@ -54,7 +53,6 @@ export const DEFAULT_CONFIG: ResolvedConfig = {
   jellyfin,
   discordPresence,
   youtubeSubgen,
-  invisibleOverlay,
   immersionTracking,
 };
 
diff --git a/src/config/definitions/defaults-core.ts b/src/config/definitions/defaults-core.ts
index 9097066..3703443 100644
--- a/src/config/definitions/defaults-core.ts
+++ b/src/config/definitions/defaults-core.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ export const CORE_DEFAULT_CONFIG: Pick<
   | 'subsync'
   | 'auto_start_overlay'
   | 'bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility'
-  | 'invisibleOverlay'
 > = {
   subtitlePosition: { yPercent: 10 },
   keybindings: [],
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ export const CORE_DEFAULT_CONFIG: Pick<
   },
   shortcuts: {
     toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'Alt+Shift+O',
-    toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: 'Alt+Shift+I',
     copySubtitle: 'CommandOrControl+C',
     copySubtitleMultiple: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+C',
     updateLastCardFromClipboard: 'CommandOrControl+V',
@@ -55,7 +53,4 @@ export const CORE_DEFAULT_CONFIG: Pick<
   },
   auto_start_overlay: false,
   bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility: true,
-  invisibleOverlay: {
-    startupVisibility: 'platform-default',
-  },
 };
diff --git a/src/config/definitions/defaults-subtitle.ts b/src/config/definitions/defaults-subtitle.ts
index 00706e9..315f114 100644
--- a/src/config/definitions/defaults-subtitle.ts
+++ b/src/config/definitions/defaults-subtitle.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ export const SUBTITLE_DEFAULT_CONFIG: Pick<ResolvedConfig, 'subtitleStyle'> = {
   subtitleStyle: {
     enableJlpt: false,
     preserveLineBreaks: false,
-    hoverTokenColor: '#c6a0f6',
+    hoverTokenColor: '#f4dbd6',
+    hoverTokenBackgroundColor: '#363a4fd6',
     fontFamily:
       'M PLUS 1, Noto Sans CJK JP Regular, Noto Sans CJK JP, Hiragino Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Yu Gothic, Arial Unicode MS, Arial, sans-serif',
     fontSize: 35,
diff --git a/src/config/definitions/options-subtitle.ts b/src/config/definitions/options-subtitle.ts
index e7d5bf7..04a3362 100644
--- a/src/config/definitions/options-subtitle.ts
+++ b/src/config/definitions/options-subtitle.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ export function buildSubtitleConfigOptionRegistry(
       defaultValue: defaultConfig.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenColor,
       description: 'Hex color used for hovered subtitle token highlight in mpv.',
     },
+    {
+      path: 'subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor',
+      kind: 'string',
+      defaultValue: defaultConfig.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+      description: 'CSS color used for hovered subtitle token background highlight in mpv.',
+    },
     {
       path: 'subtitleStyle.frequencyDictionary.enabled',
       kind: 'boolean',
diff --git a/src/config/definitions/template-sections.ts b/src/config/definitions/template-sections.ts
index a4a5a4f..20d387f 100644
--- a/src/config/definitions/template-sections.ts
+++ b/src/config/definitions/template-sections.ts
@@ -40,15 +40,6 @@ const CORE_TEMPLATE_SECTIONS: ConfigTemplateSection[] = [
     notes: ['Hot-reload: shortcut changes apply live and update the session help modal on reopen.'],
     key: 'shortcuts',
   },
-  {
-    title: 'Invisible Overlay',
-    description: ['Startup behavior for the invisible interactive subtitle mining layer.'],
-    notes: [
-      'Invisible subtitle position edit mode: Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P to toggle, arrow keys to move, Enter or Ctrl/Cmd+S to save, Esc to cancel.',
-      'This edit-mode shortcut is fixed and is not currently configurable.',
-    ],
-    key: 'invisibleOverlay',
-  },
   {
     title: 'Keybindings (MPV Commands)',
     description: [
diff --git a/src/config/resolve/subtitle-domains.ts b/src/config/resolve/subtitle-domains.ts
index 2b0144a..0307574 100644
--- a/src/config/resolve/subtitle-domains.ts
+++ b/src/config/resolve/subtitle-domains.ts
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ export function applySubtitleDomainConfig(context: ResolveContext): void {
     const fallbackSubtitleStyleEnableJlpt = resolved.subtitleStyle.enableJlpt;
     const fallbackSubtitleStylePreserveLineBreaks = resolved.subtitleStyle.preserveLineBreaks;
     const fallbackSubtitleStyleHoverTokenColor = resolved.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenColor;
+    const fallbackSubtitleStyleHoverTokenBackgroundColor =
+      resolved.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor;
     resolved.subtitleStyle = {
       ...resolved.subtitleStyle,
       ...(src.subtitleStyle as ResolvedConfig['subtitleStyle']),
@@ -154,6 +156,24 @@ export function applySubtitleDomainConfig(context: ResolveContext): void {
       );
     }
 
+    const hoverTokenBackgroundColor = asString(
+      (src.subtitleStyle as { hoverTokenBackgroundColor?: unknown }).hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+    );
+    if (hoverTokenBackgroundColor !== undefined) {
+      resolved.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor = hoverTokenBackgroundColor;
+    } else if (
+      (src.subtitleStyle as { hoverTokenBackgroundColor?: unknown }).hoverTokenBackgroundColor !==
+      undefined
+    ) {
+      resolved.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor = fallbackSubtitleStyleHoverTokenBackgroundColor;
+      warn(
+        'subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor',
+        (src.subtitleStyle as { hoverTokenBackgroundColor?: unknown }).hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+        resolved.subtitleStyle.hoverTokenBackgroundColor,
+        'Expected string.',
+      );
+    }
+
     const frequencyDictionary = isObject(
       (src.subtitleStyle as { frequencyDictionary?: unknown }).frequencyDictionary,
     )
diff --git a/src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts b/src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts
index cd2ae62..76563a5 100644
--- a/src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/cli-command.test.ts
@@ -10,14 +10,11 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     stop: false,
     toggle: false,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: false,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: false,
     settings: false,
     show: false,
     hide: false,
     showVisibleOverlay: false,
     hideVisibleOverlay: false,
-    showInvisibleOverlay: false,
-    hideInvisibleOverlay: false,
     copySubtitle: false,
     copySubtitleMultiple: false,
     mineSentence: false,
@@ -94,18 +91,12 @@ function createDeps(overrides: Partial<CliCommandServiceDeps> = {}) {
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => {
       calls.push('toggleVisibleOverlay');
     },
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => {
-      calls.push('toggleInvisibleOverlay');
-    },
     openYomitanSettingsDelayed: (delayMs) => {
       calls.push(`openYomitanSettingsDelayed:${delayMs}`);
     },
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => {
       calls.push(`setVisibleOverlayVisible:${visible}`);
     },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => {
-      calls.push(`setInvisibleOverlayVisible:${visible}`);
-    },
     copyCurrentSubtitle: () => {
       calls.push('copyCurrentSubtitle');
     },
@@ -339,10 +330,6 @@ test('handleCliCommand handles visibility and utility command dispatches', () =>
     args: Partial<CliArgs>;
     expected: string;
   }> = [
-    {
-      args: { toggleInvisibleOverlay: true },
-      expected: 'toggleInvisibleOverlay',
-    },
     { args: { settings: true }, expected: 'openYomitanSettingsDelayed:1000' },
     {
       args: { showVisibleOverlay: true },
@@ -352,14 +339,6 @@ test('handleCliCommand handles visibility and utility command dispatches', () =>
       args: { hideVisibleOverlay: true },
       expected: 'setVisibleOverlayVisible:false',
     },
-    {
-      args: { showInvisibleOverlay: true },
-      expected: 'setInvisibleOverlayVisible:true',
-    },
-    {
-      args: { hideInvisibleOverlay: true },
-      expected: 'setInvisibleOverlayVisible:false',
-    },
     { args: { copySubtitle: true }, expected: 'copyCurrentSubtitle' },
     {
       args: { copySubtitleMultiple: true },
diff --git a/src/core/services/cli-command.ts b/src/core/services/cli-command.ts
index 6f1902b..ff22bfd 100644
--- a/src/core/services/cli-command.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/cli-command.ts
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ export interface CliCommandServiceDeps {
   isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => boolean;
   initializeOverlayRuntime: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   openYomitanSettingsDelayed: (delayMs: number) => void;
   setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
   startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => void;
   mineSentenceCard: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -93,9 +91,7 @@ interface OverlayCliRuntime {
   isInitialized: () => boolean;
   initialize: () => void;
   toggleVisible: () => void;
-  toggleInvisible: () => void;
   setVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
 }
 
 interface MiningCliRuntime {
@@ -180,14 +176,12 @@ export function createCliCommandDepsRuntime(
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: options.overlay.isInitialized,
     initializeOverlayRuntime: options.overlay.initialize,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: options.overlay.toggleVisible,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: options.overlay.toggleInvisible,
     openYomitanSettingsDelayed: (delayMs) => {
       options.schedule(() => {
         options.ui.openYomitanSettings();
       }, delayMs);
     },
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: options.overlay.setVisible,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: options.overlay.setInvisible,
     copyCurrentSubtitle: options.mining.copyCurrentSubtitle,
     startPendingMultiCopy: options.mining.startPendingMultiCopy,
     mineSentenceCard: options.mining.mineSentenceCard,
@@ -242,14 +236,11 @@ export function handleCliCommand(
     args.stop ||
     args.toggle ||
     args.toggleVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.toggleInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.settings ||
     args.show ||
     args.hide ||
     args.showVisibleOverlay ||
     args.hideVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.showInvisibleOverlay ||
-    args.hideInvisibleOverlay ||
     args.copySubtitle ||
     args.copySubtitleMultiple ||
     args.mineSentence ||
@@ -286,10 +277,7 @@ export function handleCliCommand(
   }
 
   const shouldStart =
-    args.start ||
-    args.toggle ||
-    args.toggleVisibleOverlay ||
-    args.toggleInvisibleOverlay;
+    args.start || args.toggle || args.toggleVisibleOverlay;
   const needsOverlayRuntime = commandNeedsOverlayRuntime(args);
   const shouldInitializeOverlayRuntime = needsOverlayRuntime || args.start;
 
@@ -325,18 +313,12 @@ export function handleCliCommand(
 
   if (args.toggle || args.toggleVisibleOverlay) {
     deps.toggleVisibleOverlay();
-  } else if (args.toggleInvisibleOverlay) {
-    deps.toggleInvisibleOverlay();
   } else if (args.settings) {
     deps.openYomitanSettingsDelayed(1000);
   } else if (args.show || args.showVisibleOverlay) {
     deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(true);
   } else if (args.hide || args.hideVisibleOverlay) {
     deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(false);
-  } else if (args.showInvisibleOverlay) {
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(true);
-  } else if (args.hideInvisibleOverlay) {
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(false);
   } else if (args.copySubtitle) {
     deps.copyCurrentSubtitle();
   } else if (args.copySubtitleMultiple) {
diff --git a/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts b/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts
index 47921f6..0572d79 100644
--- a/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.test.ts
@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@ test('createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime sends overlay messages and sets restore
       },
     }),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => visible,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (next) => {
       visible = next;
     },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
     getResolver: () => null,
     setResolver: () => {},
     getRestoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose: () => restore,
@@ -44,9 +42,7 @@ test('createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime callback cancels when send fails', async
   const runtime = createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime<'runtime-options' | 'subsync'>({
     getMainWindow: () => null,
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
     getResolver: () => resolver,
     setResolver: (next: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null) => {
       resolver = next;
@@ -87,12 +83,10 @@ test('createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime callback restores hidden visible overlay
   const runtime = createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime<'runtime-options' | 'subsync'>({
     getMainWindow: () => null,
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => visible,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (nextVisible) => {
       visible = nextVisible;
       visibilityTransitions.push(nextVisible);
     },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
     getResolver: () => resolver as ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null,
     setResolver: (nextResolver: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null) => {
       resolver = nextResolver;
diff --git a/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.ts b/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.ts
index df5feb5..60b9b12 100644
--- a/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/field-grouping-overlay.ts
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ interface WindowLike {
 export interface FieldGroupingOverlayRuntimeOptions<T extends string> {
   getMainWindow: () => WindowLike | null;
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   getResolver: () => ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null;
   setResolver: (resolver: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null) => void;
   getRestoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose: () => Set<T>;
@@ -65,9 +63,7 @@ export function createFieldGroupingOverlayRuntime<T extends string>(
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>) => {
     return createFieldGroupingCallbackRuntime({
       getVisibleOverlayVisible: options.getVisibleOverlayVisible,
-      getInvisibleOverlayVisible: options.getInvisibleOverlayVisible,
       setVisibleOverlayVisible: options.setVisibleOverlayVisible,
-      setInvisibleOverlayVisible: options.setInvisibleOverlayVisible,
       getResolver: options.getResolver,
       setResolver: options.setResolver,
       sendToVisibleOverlay,
diff --git a/src/core/services/field-grouping.ts b/src/core/services/field-grouping.ts
index 4d6d6ec..9ed3cc3 100644
--- a/src/core/services/field-grouping.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/field-grouping.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ import { KikuFieldGroupingChoice, KikuFieldGroupingRequestData } from '../../typ
 
 export function createFieldGroupingCallback(options: {
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   getResolver: () => ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null;
   setResolver: (resolver: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null) => void;
   sendRequestToVisibleOverlay: (data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData) => boolean;
@@ -22,7 +20,6 @@ export function createFieldGroupingCallback(options: {
       }
 
       const previousVisibleOverlay = options.getVisibleOverlayVisible();
-      const previousInvisibleOverlay = options.getInvisibleOverlayVisible();
       let settled = false;
 
       const finish = (choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice): void => {
@@ -36,9 +33,6 @@ export function createFieldGroupingCallback(options: {
         if (!previousVisibleOverlay && options.getVisibleOverlayVisible()) {
           options.setVisibleOverlayVisible(false);
         }
-        if (options.getInvisibleOverlayVisible() !== previousInvisibleOverlay) {
-          options.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(previousInvisibleOverlay);
-        }
       };
 
       options.setResolver(finish);
diff --git a/src/core/services/ipc.test.ts b/src/core/services/ipc.test.ts
index 0e6bbc8..3e70ebb 100644
--- a/src/core/services/ipc.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/ipc.test.ts
@@ -36,10 +36,8 @@ function createFakeIpcRegistrar(): {
 test('createIpcDepsRuntime wires AniList handlers', async () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const deps = createIpcDepsRuntime({
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => null,
     getMainWindow: () => null,
     getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
     onOverlayModalClosed: () => {},
     openYomitanSettings: () => {},
     quitApp: () => {},
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ test('createIpcDepsRuntime wires AniList handlers', async () => {
     tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: async () => null,
     getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => '',
     getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => '',
-    getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => null,
     getSubtitlePosition: () => null,
     getSubtitleStyle: () => null,
     saveSubtitlePosition: () => {},
@@ -64,7 +61,6 @@ test('createIpcDepsRuntime wires AniList handlers', async () => {
     setRuntimeOption: () => ({ ok: true }),
     cycleRuntimeOption: () => ({ ok: true }),
     reportOverlayContentBounds: () => {},
-    reportHoveredSubtitleToken: () => {},
     getAnilistStatus: () => ({ tokenStatus: 'resolved' }),
     clearAnilistToken: () => {
       calls.push('clearAnilistToken');
@@ -101,20 +97,15 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers rejects malformed runtime-option payloads', async () =
   const cycles: Array<{ id: string; direction: 1 | -1 }> = [];
   registerIpcHandlers(
     {
-      getInvisibleWindow: () => null,
-      isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
-      setInvisibleIgnoreMouseEvents: () => {},
       onOverlayModalClosed: () => {},
       openYomitanSettings: () => {},
       quitApp: () => {},
       toggleDevTools: () => {},
       getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
       toggleVisibleOverlay: () => {},
-      getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
       tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: async () => null,
       getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => '',
       getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => '',
-      getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => null,
       getSubtitlePosition: () => null,
       getSubtitleStyle: () => null,
       saveSubtitlePosition: () => {},
@@ -138,7 +129,6 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers rejects malformed runtime-option payloads', async () =
         return { ok: true };
       },
       reportOverlayContentBounds: () => {},
-      reportHoveredSubtitleToken: () => {},
       getAnilistStatus: () => ({}),
       clearAnilistToken: () => {},
       openAnilistSetup: () => {},
@@ -176,25 +166,24 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers rejects malformed runtime-option payloads', async () =
 test('registerIpcHandlers ignores malformed fire-and-forget payloads', () => {
   const { registrar, handlers } = createFakeIpcRegistrar();
   const saves: unknown[] = [];
-  const modals: unknown[] = [];
+  const closedModals: unknown[] = [];
+  const openedModals: unknown[] = [];
   registerIpcHandlers(
     {
-      getInvisibleWindow: () => null,
-      isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
-      setInvisibleIgnoreMouseEvents: () => {},
       onOverlayModalClosed: (modal) => {
-        modals.push(modal);
+        closedModals.push(modal);
+      },
+      onOverlayModalOpened: (modal) => {
+        openedModals.push(modal);
       },
       openYomitanSettings: () => {},
       quitApp: () => {},
       toggleDevTools: () => {},
       getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
       toggleVisibleOverlay: () => {},
-      getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
       tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: async () => null,
       getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => '',
       getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => '',
-      getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => null,
       getSubtitlePosition: () => null,
       getSubtitleStyle: () => null,
       saveSubtitlePosition: (position) => {
@@ -214,7 +203,6 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers ignores malformed fire-and-forget payloads', () => {
       setRuntimeOption: () => ({ ok: true }),
       cycleRuntimeOption: () => ({ ok: true }),
       reportOverlayContentBounds: () => {},
-      reportHoveredSubtitleToken: () => {},
       getAnilistStatus: () => ({}),
       clearAnilistToken: () => {},
       openAnilistSetup: () => {},
@@ -228,11 +216,16 @@ test('registerIpcHandlers ignores malformed fire-and-forget payloads', () => {
   handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.saveSubtitlePosition)!({}, { yPercent: 'bad' });
   handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.saveSubtitlePosition)!({}, { yPercent: 42 });
   assert.deepEqual(saves, [
-    { yPercent: 42, invisibleOffsetXPx: undefined, invisibleOffsetYPx: undefined },
+    { yPercent: 42 },
   ]);
 
   handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalClosed)!({}, 'not-a-modal');
   handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalClosed)!({}, 'subsync');
   handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalClosed)!({}, 'kiku');
-  assert.deepEqual(modals, ['subsync', 'kiku']);
+  assert.deepEqual(closedModals, ['subsync', 'kiku']);
+
+  handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened)!({}, 'bad');
+  handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened)!({}, 'subsync');
+  handlers.on.get(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened)!({}, 'runtime-options');
+  assert.deepEqual(openedModals, ['subsync', 'runtime-options']);
 });
diff --git a/src/core/services/ipc.ts b/src/core/services/ipc.ts
index 1aa8d91..76a8b89 100644
--- a/src/core/services/ipc.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/ipc.ts
@@ -19,20 +19,16 @@ import {
 } from '../../shared/ipc/validators';
 
 export interface IpcServiceDeps {
-  getInvisibleWindow: () => WindowLike | null;
-  isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  setInvisibleIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, options?: { forward?: boolean }) => void;
   onOverlayModalClosed: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
+  onOverlayModalOpened?: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
   openYomitanSettings: () => void;
   quitApp: () => void;
   toggleDevTools: () => void;
   getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: () => Promise<unknown>;
   getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => string;
   getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => string;
-  getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => unknown;
   getSubtitlePosition: () => unknown;
   getSubtitleStyle: () => unknown;
   saveSubtitlePosition: (position: SubtitlePosition) => void;
@@ -54,7 +50,6 @@ export interface IpcServiceDeps {
   setRuntimeOption: (id: RuntimeOptionId, value: RuntimeOptionValue) => unknown;
   cycleRuntimeOption: (id: RuntimeOptionId, direction: 1 | -1) => unknown;
   reportOverlayContentBounds: (payload: unknown) => void;
-  reportHoveredSubtitleToken: (tokenIndex: number | null) => void;
   getAnilistStatus: () => unknown;
   clearAnilistToken: () => void;
   openAnilistSetup: () => void;
@@ -91,18 +86,16 @@ interface IpcMainRegistrar {
 }
 
 export interface IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
-  getInvisibleWindow: () => WindowLike | null;
   getMainWindow: () => WindowLike | null;
   getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   onOverlayModalClosed: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
+  onOverlayModalOpened?: (modal: OverlayHostedModal) => void;
   openYomitanSettings: () => void;
   quitApp: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
   tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: () => Promise<unknown>;
   getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => string;
   getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => string;
-  getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => unknown;
   getSubtitlePosition: () => unknown;
   getSubtitleStyle: () => unknown;
   saveSubtitlePosition: (position: SubtitlePosition) => void;
@@ -119,7 +112,6 @@ export interface IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
   setRuntimeOption: (id: RuntimeOptionId, value: RuntimeOptionValue) => unknown;
   cycleRuntimeOption: (id: RuntimeOptionId, direction: 1 | -1) => unknown;
   reportOverlayContentBounds: (payload: unknown) => void;
-  reportHoveredSubtitleToken: (tokenIndex: number | null) => void;
   getAnilistStatus: () => unknown;
   clearAnilistToken: () => void;
   openAnilistSetup: () => void;
@@ -130,14 +122,8 @@ export interface IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
 
 export function createIpcDepsRuntime(options: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions): IpcServiceDeps {
   return {
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => options.getInvisibleWindow(),
-    isVisibleOverlayVisible: options.getVisibleOverlayVisibility,
-    setInvisibleIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore, eventsOptions) => {
-      const invisibleWindow = options.getInvisibleWindow();
-      if (!invisibleWindow || invisibleWindow.isDestroyed()) return;
-      invisibleWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(ignore, eventsOptions);
-    },
     onOverlayModalClosed: options.onOverlayModalClosed,
+    onOverlayModalOpened: options.onOverlayModalOpened,
     openYomitanSettings: options.openYomitanSettings,
     quitApp: options.quitApp,
     toggleDevTools: () => {
@@ -147,11 +133,9 @@ export function createIpcDepsRuntime(options: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions): IpcService
     },
     getVisibleOverlayVisibility: options.getVisibleOverlayVisibility,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: options.toggleVisibleOverlay,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: options.getInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
     tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: options.tokenizeCurrentSubtitle,
     getCurrentSubtitleRaw: options.getCurrentSubtitleRaw,
     getCurrentSubtitleAss: options.getCurrentSubtitleAss,
-    getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: options.getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
     getSubtitlePosition: options.getSubtitlePosition,
     getSubtitleStyle: options.getSubtitleStyle,
     saveSubtitlePosition: options.saveSubtitlePosition,
@@ -182,7 +166,6 @@ export function createIpcDepsRuntime(options: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions): IpcService
     setRuntimeOption: options.setRuntimeOption,
     cycleRuntimeOption: options.cycleRuntimeOption,
     reportOverlayContentBounds: options.reportOverlayContentBounds,
-    reportHoveredSubtitleToken: options.reportHoveredSubtitleToken,
     getAnilistStatus: options.getAnilistStatus,
     clearAnilistToken: options.clearAnilistToken,
     openAnilistSetup: options.openAnilistSetup,
@@ -200,17 +183,7 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
       const parsedOptions = parseOptionalForwardingOptions(options);
       const senderWindow = BrowserWindow.fromWebContents((event as IpcMainEvent).sender);
       if (senderWindow && !senderWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-        const invisibleWindow = deps.getInvisibleWindow();
-        if (
-          senderWindow === invisibleWindow &&
-          deps.isVisibleOverlayVisible() &&
-          invisibleWindow &&
-          !invisibleWindow.isDestroyed()
-        ) {
-          deps.setInvisibleIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
-        } else {
-          senderWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(ignore, parsedOptions);
-        }
+        senderWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(ignore, parsedOptions);
       }
     },
   );
@@ -220,6 +193,12 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     if (!parsedModal) return;
     deps.onOverlayModalClosed(parsedModal);
   });
+  ipc.on(IPC_CHANNELS.command.overlayModalOpened, (_event: unknown, modal: unknown) => {
+    const parsedModal = parseOverlayHostedModal(modal);
+    if (!parsedModal) return;
+    if (!deps.onOverlayModalOpened) return;
+    deps.onOverlayModalOpened(parsedModal);
+  });
 
   ipc.on(IPC_CHANNELS.command.openYomitanSettings, () => {
     deps.openYomitanSettings();
@@ -245,10 +224,6 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     return deps.getVisibleOverlayVisibility();
   });
 
-  ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getInvisibleOverlayVisibility, () => {
-    return deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  });
-
   ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getCurrentSubtitle, async () => {
     return await deps.tokenizeCurrentSubtitle();
   });
@@ -261,10 +236,6 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     return deps.getCurrentSubtitleAss();
   });
 
-  ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics, () => {
-    return deps.getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics();
-  });
-
   ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getSubtitlePosition, () => {
     return deps.getSubtitlePosition();
   });
@@ -358,17 +329,6 @@ export function registerIpcHandlers(deps: IpcServiceDeps, ipc: IpcMainRegistrar
     deps.reportOverlayContentBounds(payload);
   });
 
-  ipc.on('subtitle-token-hover:set', (_event: unknown, tokenIndex: unknown) => {
-    if (tokenIndex === null) {
-      deps.reportHoveredSubtitleToken(null);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (!Number.isInteger(tokenIndex) || (tokenIndex as number) < 0) {
-      return;
-    }
-    deps.reportHoveredSubtitleToken(tokenIndex as number);
-  });
-
   ipc.handle(IPC_CHANNELS.request.getAnilistStatus, () => {
     return deps.getAnilistStatus();
   });
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts
index 3a46d15..5b1cb6b 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.test.ts
@@ -33,13 +33,51 @@ test('sendToVisibleOverlayRuntime restores visibility flag when opening hidden o
   assert.deepEqual(sent, [['runtime-options:open']]);
 });
 
+test('sendToVisibleOverlayRuntime waits for overlay page before sending open command', () => {
+  const sent: unknown[][] = [];
+  const restoreSet = new Set<'runtime-options' | 'subsync'>();
+  let loading = true;
+  let currentURL = '';
+  const finishCallbacks: Array<() => void> = [];
+
+  const ok = sendToVisibleOverlayRuntime({
+    mainWindow: {
+      isDestroyed: () => false,
+      webContents: {
+        isLoading: () => loading,
+        getURL: () => currentURL,
+        send: (...args: unknown[]) => {
+          sent.push(args);
+        },
+        once: (_event: string, callback: () => void) => {
+          finishCallbacks.push(callback);
+        },
+      },
+    } as unknown as Electron.BrowserWindow,
+    visibleOverlayVisible: false,
+    setVisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
+    channel: 'runtime-options:open',
+    restoreOnModalClose: 'runtime-options',
+    restoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose: restoreSet,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(ok, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(sent, []);
+  assert.equal(restoreSet.has('runtime-options'), true);
+
+  loading = false;
+  currentURL = 'file:///overlay/index.html?layer=visible';
+  assert.ok(finishCallbacks[0]);
+  finishCallbacks[0]!();
+
+  assert.deepEqual(sent, [['runtime-options:open']]);
+});
+
 test('createFieldGroupingCallbackRuntime cancels when overlay request cannot be sent', async () => {
   let resolver: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null = null;
   const callback = createFieldGroupingCallbackRuntime<'runtime-options' | 'subsync'>({
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
     getResolver: () => resolver,
     setResolver: (next) => {
       resolver = next;
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.ts
index 0326b3b..a0461be 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-bridge.ts
@@ -26,27 +26,32 @@ export function sendToVisibleOverlayRuntime<T extends string>(options: {
       options.mainWindow!.webContents.send(options.channel, options.payload);
     }
   };
-  if (options.mainWindow.webContents.isLoading()) {
+
+  const getURL = options.mainWindow.webContents.getURL;
+  const currentURL =
+    typeof getURL === 'function' ? getURL.call(options.mainWindow.webContents) : 'ready';
+  const isReady =
+    !options.mainWindow.webContents.isLoading() &&
+    currentURL !== '' &&
+    currentURL !== 'about:blank';
+
+  if (!isReady) {
     options.mainWindow.webContents.once('did-finish-load', () => {
-      if (
-        options.mainWindow &&
-        !options.mainWindow.isDestroyed() &&
-        !options.mainWindow.webContents.isLoading()
-      ) {
+      if (!options.mainWindow || options.mainWindow.isDestroyed()) return;
+      if (!options.mainWindow.webContents.isLoading()) {
         sendNow();
       }
     });
     return true;
   }
+
   sendNow();
   return true;
 }
 
 export function createFieldGroupingCallbackRuntime<T extends string>(options: {
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   getResolver: () => ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null;
   setResolver: (resolver: ((choice: KikuFieldGroupingChoice) => void) | null) => void;
   sendToVisibleOverlay: (
@@ -57,9 +62,7 @@ export function createFieldGroupingCallbackRuntime<T extends string>(options: {
 }): (data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice> {
   return createFieldGroupingCallback({
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: options.getVisibleOverlayVisible,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: options.getInvisibleOverlayVisible,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: options.setVisibleOverlayVisible,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: options.setInvisibleOverlayVisible,
     getResolver: options.getResolver,
     setResolver: options.setResolver,
     sendRequestToVisibleOverlay: (data) =>
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts
index 43e0fa4..8854112 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.test.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test('sanitizeOverlayContentMeasurement accepts valid payload with null rect', (
 test('sanitizeOverlayContentMeasurement rejects invalid ranges', () => {
   const measurement = sanitizeOverlayContentMeasurement(
     {
-      layer: 'invisible',
+      layer: 'visible',
       measuredAtMs: 100,
       viewport: { width: 0, height: 1080 },
       contentRect: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 20 },
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test('sanitizeOverlayContentMeasurement rejects invalid ranges', () => {
   assert.equal(measurement, null);
 });
 
-test('overlay measurement store keeps latest payload per layer', () => {
+test('overlay measurement store keeps latest payload for visible layer', () => {
   const store = createOverlayContentMeasurementStore({
     now: () => 1000,
     warn: () => {
@@ -53,17 +53,9 @@ test('overlay measurement store keeps latest payload per layer', () => {
     viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
     contentRect: { x: 50, y: 60, width: 400, height: 80 },
   });
-  const invisible = store.report({
-    layer: 'invisible',
-    measuredAtMs: 910,
-    viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
-    contentRect: { x: 20, y: 30, width: 300, height: 40 },
-  });
 
   assert.equal(visible?.layer, 'visible');
-  assert.equal(invisible?.layer, 'invisible');
   assert.equal(store.getLatestByLayer('visible')?.contentRect?.width, 400);
-  assert.equal(store.getLatestByLayer('invisible')?.contentRect?.height, 40);
 });
 
 test('overlay measurement store rate-limits invalid payload warnings', () => {
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.ts
index 4e86823..5631cce 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-content-measurement.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function sanitizeOverlayContentMeasurement(
     } | null;
   };
 
-  if (candidate.layer !== 'visible' && candidate.layer !== 'invisible') {
+  if (candidate.layer !== 'visible') {
     return null;
   }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ export function createOverlayContentMeasurementStore(options?: {
   const warn = options?.warn ?? ((message: string) => logger.warn(message));
   const latestByLayer: OverlayMeasurementStore = {
     visible: null,
-    invisible: null,
   };
 
   let droppedInvalid = 0;
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts
index 6bd1db2..a055266 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-runtime-init.ts
@@ -10,16 +10,11 @@ import {
 
 export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
   backendOverride: string | null;
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -38,12 +33,8 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
     data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData,
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
-}): {
-  invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-} {
+}): void {
   options.createMainWindow();
-  options.createInvisibleWindow();
-  const invisibleOverlayVisible = options.getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
   options.registerGlobalShortcuts();
 
   const windowTracker = createWindowTracker(options.backendOverride, options.getMpvSocketPath());
@@ -51,17 +42,12 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
   if (windowTracker) {
     windowTracker.onGeometryChange = (geometry: WindowGeometry) => {
       options.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
-      options.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
     };
     windowTracker.onWindowFound = (geometry: WindowGeometry) => {
       options.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
-      options.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
       if (options.isVisibleOverlayVisible()) {
         options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
       }
-      if (options.isInvisibleOverlayVisible()) {
-        options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-      }
     };
     windowTracker.onWindowLost = () => {
       for (const window of options.getOverlayWindows()) {
@@ -101,7 +87,4 @@ export function initializeOverlayRuntime(options: {
   }
 
   options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-
-  return { invisibleOverlayVisible };
 }
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts
index 72a5a5c..6570138 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-shortcut-handler.test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
 function makeShortcuts(overrides: Partial<ConfiguredShortcuts> = {}): ConfiguredShortcuts {
   return {
     toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: null,
     copySubtitle: null,
     copySubtitleMultiple: null,
     updateLastCardFromClipboard: null,
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e104c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+import { setVisibleOverlayVisible, updateVisibleOverlayVisibility } from './overlay-visibility';
+
+type WindowTrackerStub = {
+  isTracking: () => boolean;
+  getGeometry: () => { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number } | null;
+};
+
+function createMainWindowRecorder() {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const window = {
+    isDestroyed: () => false,
+    hide: () => {
+      calls.push('hide');
+    },
+    show: () => {
+      calls.push('show');
+    },
+    focus: () => {
+      calls.push('focus');
+    },
+    setIgnoreMouseEvents: () => {
+      calls.push('mouse-ignore');
+    },
+  };
+
+  return { window, calls };
+}
+
+test('macOS keeps visible overlay hidden while tracker is not ready and emits one loading OSD', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let trackerWarning = false;
+  const osdMessages: string[] = [];
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => false,
+    getGeometry: () => null,
+  };
+
+  const run = () =>
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+      visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+      mainWindow: window as never,
+      windowTracker: tracker as never,
+      trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+      setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+        trackerWarning = shown;
+      },
+      updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+        calls.push('update-bounds');
+      },
+      ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+        calls.push('ensure-level');
+      },
+      syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+        calls.push('sync-layer');
+      },
+      enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+        calls.push('enforce-order');
+      },
+      syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+        calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+      },
+      isMacOSPlatform: true,
+      showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => {
+        osdMessages.push(message);
+      },
+    } as never);
+
+  run();
+  run();
+
+  assert.equal(trackerWarning, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(osdMessages, ['Overlay loading...']);
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('hide'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('show'));
+});
+
+test('non-macOS keeps fallback visible overlay behavior when tracker is not ready', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let trackerWarning = false;
+  const tracker: WindowTrackerStub = {
+    isTracking: () => false,
+    getGeometry: () => null,
+  };
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: tracker as never,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+      trackerWarning = shown;
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: false,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: () => {
+      calls.push('osd');
+    },
+    resolveFallbackBounds: () => ({ x: 12, y: 24, width: 640, height: 360 }),
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.equal(trackerWarning, true);
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('update-bounds'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('show'));
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('focus'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('osd'));
+});
+
+test('macOS keeps visible overlay hidden while tracker is not initialized yet', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  let trackerWarning = false;
+  const osdMessages: string[] = [];
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: null,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+      trackerWarning = shown;
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: true,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => {
+      osdMessages.push(message);
+    },
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.equal(trackerWarning, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(osdMessages, ['Overlay loading...']);
+  assert.ok(calls.includes('hide'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('show'));
+  assert.ok(!calls.includes('update-bounds'));
+});
+
+test('setVisibleOverlayVisible does not mutate mpv subtitle visibility directly', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  setVisibleOverlayVisible({
+    visible: true,
+    setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible) => {
+      calls.push(`state:${visible}`);
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {
+      calls.push('update');
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['state:true', 'update']);
+});
+
+test('macOS loading OSD can show again after overlay is hidden and retried', () => {
+  const { window, calls } = createMainWindowRecorder();
+  const osdMessages: string[] = [];
+  let trackerWarning = false;
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: null,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+      trackerWarning = shown;
+      calls.push(`warn:${shown ? 'yes' : 'no'}`);
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: true,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => {
+      osdMessages.push(message);
+    },
+  } as never);
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: false,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: null,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+      trackerWarning = shown;
+      calls.push(`warn:${shown ? 'yes' : 'no'}`);
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {},
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {},
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {},
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {},
+    isMacOSPlatform: true,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: () => {},
+  } as never);
+
+  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
+    visibleOverlayVisible: true,
+    mainWindow: window as never,
+    windowTracker: null,
+    trackerNotReadyWarningShown: trackerWarning,
+    setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => {
+      trackerWarning = shown;
+      calls.push(`warn:${shown ? 'yes' : 'no'}`);
+    },
+    updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {
+      calls.push('update-bounds');
+    },
+    ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {
+      calls.push('ensure-level');
+    },
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-layer');
+    },
+    enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => {
+      calls.push('enforce-order');
+    },
+    syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {
+      calls.push('sync-shortcuts');
+    },
+    isMacOSPlatform: true,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => {
+      osdMessages.push(message);
+    },
+  } as never);
+
+  assert.deepEqual(osdMessages, ['Overlay loading...', 'Overlay loading...']);
+});
diff --git a/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts b/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts
index a0f0117..96cea34 100644
--- a/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/overlay-visibility.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { BrowserWindow, screen } from 'electron';
+import type { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
 import { BaseWindowTracker } from '../../window-trackers';
 import { WindowGeometry } from '../../types';
 
@@ -10,14 +10,19 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
+  syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') => void;
   enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => void;
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
+  isMacOSPlatform?: boolean;
+  showOverlayLoadingOsd?: (message: string) => void;
+  resolveFallbackBounds: () => WindowGeometry;
 }): void {
   if (!args.mainWindow || args.mainWindow.isDestroyed()) {
     return;
   }
 
   if (!args.visibleOverlayVisible) {
+    args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(false);
     args.mainWindow.hide();
     args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
     return;
@@ -29,6 +34,8 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
     if (geometry) {
       args.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
     }
+    args.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
+    args.mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
     args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(args.mainWindow);
     args.mainWindow.show();
     args.mainWindow.focus();
@@ -38,7 +45,18 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   }
 
   if (!args.windowTracker) {
+    if (args.isMacOSPlatform) {
+      if (!args.trackerNotReadyWarningShown) {
+        args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
+        args.showOverlayLoadingOsd?.('Overlay loading...');
+      }
+      args.mainWindow.hide();
+      args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
+      return;
+    }
     args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(false);
+    args.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
+    args.mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
     args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(args.mainWindow);
     args.mainWindow.show();
     args.mainWindow.focus();
@@ -49,16 +67,21 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
 
   if (!args.trackerNotReadyWarningShown) {
     args.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
+    if (args.isMacOSPlatform) {
+      args.showOverlayLoadingOsd?.('Overlay loading...');
+    }
   }
-  const cursorPoint = screen.getCursorScreenPoint();
-  const display = screen.getDisplayNearestPoint(cursorPoint);
-  const fallbackBounds = display.workArea;
-  args.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({
-    x: fallbackBounds.x,
-    y: fallbackBounds.y,
-    width: fallbackBounds.width,
-    height: fallbackBounds.height,
-  });
+
+  if (args.isMacOSPlatform) {
+    args.mainWindow.hide();
+    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const fallbackBounds = args.resolveFallbackBounds();
+  args.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(fallbackBounds);
+  args.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
+  args.mainWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
   args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(args.mainWindow);
   args.mainWindow.show();
   args.mainWindow.focus();
@@ -66,111 +89,11 @@ export function updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
   args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
 }
 
-export function updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(args: {
-  invisibleWindow: BrowserWindow | null;
-  visibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-  invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-  windowTracker: BaseWindowTracker | null;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
-  enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => void;
-  syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
-}): void {
-  if (!args.invisibleWindow || args.invisibleWindow.isDestroyed()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (args.visibleOverlayVisible) {
-    args.invisibleWindow.hide();
-    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const showInvisibleWithoutFocus = (): void => {
-    args.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(args.invisibleWindow!);
-    if (typeof args.invisibleWindow!.showInactive === 'function') {
-      args.invisibleWindow!.showInactive();
-    } else {
-      args.invisibleWindow!.show();
-    }
-    args.enforceOverlayLayerOrder();
-  };
-
-  if (!args.invisibleOverlayVisible) {
-    args.invisibleWindow.hide();
-    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (args.windowTracker && args.windowTracker.isTracking()) {
-    const geometry = args.windowTracker.getGeometry();
-    if (geometry) {
-      args.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry);
-    }
-    showInvisibleWithoutFocus();
-    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!args.windowTracker) {
-    showInvisibleWithoutFocus();
-    args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const cursorPoint = screen.getCursorScreenPoint();
-  const display = screen.getDisplayNearestPoint(cursorPoint);
-  const fallbackBounds = display.workArea;
-  args.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds({
-    x: fallbackBounds.x,
-    y: fallbackBounds.y,
-    width: fallbackBounds.width,
-    height: fallbackBounds.height,
-  });
-  showInvisibleWithoutFocus();
-  args.syncOverlayShortcuts();
-}
-
-export function syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough(options: {
-  hasInvisibleWindow: () => boolean;
-  setIgnoreMouseEvents: (ignore: boolean, extra?: { forward: boolean }) => void;
-  visibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-  invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-}): void {
-  if (!options.hasInvisibleWindow()) return;
-  if (options.visibleOverlayVisible) {
-    options.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
-  } else if (options.invisibleOverlayVisible) {
-    options.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
-  }
-}
-
 export function setVisibleOverlayVisible(options: {
   visible: boolean;
   setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-  shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => boolean;
-  isMpvConnected: () => boolean;
-  setMpvSubVisibility: (visible: boolean) => void;
 }): void {
   options.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
   options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-  if (options.shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility() && options.isMpvConnected()) {
-    options.setMpvSubVisibility(!options.visible);
-  }
-}
-
-export function setInvisibleOverlayVisible(options: {
-  visible: boolean;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-}): void {
-  options.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
-  options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
 }
diff --git a/src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts b/src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts
index 6726638..88d007d 100644
--- a/src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/runtime-config.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
   isAutoUpdateEnabledRuntime,
   shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig,
   shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility,
@@ -10,9 +9,6 @@ import {
 const BASE_CONFIG = {
   auto_start_overlay: false,
   bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility: true,
-  invisibleOverlay: {
-    startupVisibility: 'platform-default' as const,
-  },
   ankiConnect: {
     behavior: {
       autoUpdateNewCards: true,
@@ -20,26 +16,7 @@ const BASE_CONFIG = {
   },
 };
 
-test('getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility handles visibility + platform', () => {
-  assert.equal(
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(
-      { ...BASE_CONFIG, invisibleOverlay: { startupVisibility: 'visible' } },
-      'linux',
-    ),
-    true,
-  );
-  assert.equal(
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(
-      { ...BASE_CONFIG, invisibleOverlay: { startupVisibility: 'hidden' } },
-      'darwin',
-    ),
-    false,
-  );
-  assert.equal(getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(BASE_CONFIG, 'linux'), false);
-  assert.equal(getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(BASE_CONFIG, 'darwin'), true);
-});
-
-test('shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig respects auto start and visible startup', () => {
+test('shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig respects auto start', () => {
   assert.equal(shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig(BASE_CONFIG), false);
   assert.equal(
     shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig({
@@ -48,13 +25,6 @@ test('shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig respects auto start and visib
     }),
     true,
   );
-  assert.equal(
-    shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig({
-      ...BASE_CONFIG,
-      invisibleOverlay: { startupVisibility: 'visible' },
-    }),
-    true,
-  );
 });
 
 test('shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility returns config value', () => {
diff --git a/src/core/services/shortcut.ts b/src/core/services/shortcut.ts
index 76e9a18..b9c4a1e 100644
--- a/src/core/services/shortcut.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/shortcut.ts
@@ -5,14 +5,12 @@ const logger = createLogger('main:shortcut');
 
 export interface GlobalShortcutConfig {
   toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: string | null | undefined;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: string | null | undefined;
   openJimaku?: string | null | undefined;
 }
 
 export interface RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions {
   shortcuts: GlobalShortcutConfig;
   onToggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  onToggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   onOpenYomitanSettings: () => void;
   onOpenJimaku?: () => void;
   isDev: boolean;
@@ -21,9 +19,7 @@ export interface RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions {
 
 export function registerGlobalShortcuts(options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions): void {
   const visibleShortcut = options.shortcuts.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal;
-  const invisibleShortcut = options.shortcuts.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal;
   const normalizedVisible = visibleShortcut?.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
-  const normalizedInvisible = invisibleShortcut?.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
   const normalizedJimaku = options.shortcuts.openJimaku?.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
   const normalizedSettings = 'alt+shift+y';
 
@@ -38,31 +34,10 @@ export function registerGlobalShortcuts(options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceO
     }
   }
 
-  if (invisibleShortcut && normalizedInvisible && normalizedInvisible !== normalizedVisible) {
-    const toggleInvisibleRegistered = globalShortcut.register(invisibleShortcut, () => {
-      options.onToggleInvisibleOverlay();
-    });
-    if (!toggleInvisibleRegistered) {
-      logger.warn(
-        `Failed to register global shortcut toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: ${invisibleShortcut}`,
-      );
-    }
-  } else if (
-    invisibleShortcut &&
-    normalizedInvisible &&
-    normalizedInvisible === normalizedVisible
-  ) {
-    logger.warn(
-      'Skipped registering toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal because it collides with toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal',
-    );
-  }
-
   if (options.shortcuts.openJimaku && options.onOpenJimaku) {
     if (
       normalizedJimaku &&
-      (normalizedJimaku === normalizedVisible ||
-        normalizedJimaku === normalizedInvisible ||
-        normalizedJimaku === normalizedSettings)
+      (normalizedJimaku === normalizedVisible || normalizedJimaku === normalizedSettings)
     ) {
       logger.warn(
         'Skipped registering openJimaku because it collides with another global shortcut',
diff --git a/src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts b/src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts
index db7d24f..dff7c40 100644
--- a/src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/startup-bootstrap.test.ts
@@ -10,14 +10,11 @@ function makeArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     stop: false,
     toggle: false,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: false,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: false,
     settings: false,
     show: false,
     hide: false,
     showVisibleOverlay: false,
     hideVisibleOverlay: false,
-    showInvisibleOverlay: false,
-    hideInvisibleOverlay: false,
     copySubtitle: false,
     copySubtitleMultiple: false,
     mineSentence: false,
diff --git a/src/core/services/startup.ts b/src/core/services/startup.ts
index 7b14dc1..ebc9835 100644
--- a/src/core/services/startup.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/startup.ts
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ interface RuntimeAutoUpdateOptionManagerLike {
 export interface RuntimeConfigLike {
   auto_start_overlay?: boolean;
   bind_visible_overlay_to_mpv_sub_visibility: boolean;
-  invisibleOverlay: {
-    startupVisibility: 'visible' | 'hidden' | 'platform-default';
-  };
   ankiConnect?: {
     behavior?: {
       autoUpdateNewCards?: boolean;
@@ -155,21 +152,8 @@ function getStartupCriticalConfigErrors(config: AppReadyConfigLike): string[] {
   return errors;
 }
 
-export function getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(
-  config: RuntimeConfigLike,
-  platform: NodeJS.Platform,
-): boolean {
-  const visibility = config.invisibleOverlay.startupVisibility;
-  if (visibility === 'visible') return true;
-  if (visibility === 'hidden') return false;
-  if (platform === 'linux') return false;
-  return true;
-}
-
 export function shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig(config: RuntimeConfigLike): boolean {
-  if (config.auto_start_overlay === true) return true;
-  if (config.invisibleOverlay.startupVisibility === 'visible') return true;
-  return false;
+  return config.auto_start_overlay === true;
 }
 
 export function shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility(config: RuntimeConfigLike): boolean {
diff --git a/src/core/services/subtitle-position.ts b/src/core/services/subtitle-position.ts
index 9974367..b3a8bdd 100644
--- a/src/core/services/subtitle-position.ts
+++ b/src/core/services/subtitle-position.ts
@@ -101,20 +101,7 @@ export function loadSubtitlePosition(
     const data = fs.readFileSync(positionPath, 'utf-8');
     const parsed = JSON.parse(data) as Partial<SubtitlePosition>;
     if (parsed && typeof parsed.yPercent === 'number' && Number.isFinite(parsed.yPercent)) {
-      const position: SubtitlePosition = { yPercent: parsed.yPercent };
-      if (
-        typeof parsed.invisibleOffsetXPx === 'number' &&
-        Number.isFinite(parsed.invisibleOffsetXPx)
-      ) {
-        position.invisibleOffsetXPx = parsed.invisibleOffsetXPx;
-      }
-      if (
-        typeof parsed.invisibleOffsetYPx === 'number' &&
-        Number.isFinite(parsed.invisibleOffsetYPx)
-      ) {
-        position.invisibleOffsetYPx = parsed.invisibleOffsetYPx;
-      }
-      return position;
+      return { yPercent: parsed.yPercent };
     }
     return options.fallbackPosition;
   } catch (err) {
diff --git a/src/core/utils/shortcut-config.ts b/src/core/utils/shortcut-config.ts
index f7e7c5b..991c195 100644
--- a/src/core/utils/shortcut-config.ts
+++ b/src/core/utils/shortcut-config.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { Config } from '../../types';
 
 export interface ConfiguredShortcuts {
   toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: string | null | undefined;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: string | null | undefined;
   copySubtitle: string | null | undefined;
   copySubtitleMultiple: string | null | undefined;
   updateLastCardFromClipboard: string | null | undefined;
@@ -33,10 +32,6 @@ export function resolveConfiguredShortcuts(
       config.shortcuts?.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal ??
         defaultConfig.shortcuts?.toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal,
     ),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: normalizeShortcut(
-      config.shortcuts?.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal ??
-        defaultConfig.shortcuts?.toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal,
-    ),
     copySubtitle: normalizeShortcut(
       config.shortcuts?.copySubtitle ?? defaultConfig.shortcuts?.copySubtitle,
     ),
diff --git a/src/main/cli-runtime.ts b/src/main/cli-runtime.ts
index 29c1cc9..21c2d17 100644
--- a/src/main/cli-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/cli-runtime.ts
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ export interface CliCommandRuntimeServiceContext {
   isOverlayInitialized: () => boolean;
   initializeOverlay: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   setVisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
   copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
   startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => void;
   mineSentenceCard: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -74,9 +72,7 @@ function createCliCommandDepsFromContext(
       isInitialized: context.isOverlayInitialized,
       initialize: context.initializeOverlay,
       toggleVisible: context.toggleVisibleOverlay,
-      toggleInvisible: context.toggleInvisibleOverlay,
       setVisible: context.setVisibleOverlay,
-      setInvisible: context.setInvisibleOverlay,
     },
     mining: {
       copyCurrentSubtitle: context.copyCurrentSubtitle,
diff --git a/src/main/dependencies.ts b/src/main/dependencies.ts
index 2ab12f3..829fb2c 100644
--- a/src/main/dependencies.ts
+++ b/src/main/dependencies.ts
@@ -53,11 +53,10 @@ export function createSubsyncRuntimeDeps(params: SubsyncRuntimeDepsParams): Subs
 }
 
 export interface MainIpcRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
-  getInvisibleWindow: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getInvisibleWindow'];
   getMainWindow: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getMainWindow'];
   getVisibleOverlayVisibility: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getVisibleOverlayVisibility'];
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getInvisibleOverlayVisibility'];
   onOverlayModalClosed: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['onOverlayModalClosed'];
+  onOverlayModalOpened?: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['onOverlayModalOpened'];
   openYomitanSettings: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['openYomitanSettings'];
   quitApp: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['quitApp'];
   toggleVisibleOverlay: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['toggleVisibleOverlay'];
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ export interface MainIpcRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
   getCurrentSubtitleRaw: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getCurrentSubtitleRaw'];
   getCurrentSubtitleAss: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getCurrentSubtitleAss'];
   focusMainWindow?: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['focusMainWindow'];
-  getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics'];
   getSubtitlePosition: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getSubtitlePosition'];
   getSubtitleStyle: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getSubtitleStyle'];
   saveSubtitlePosition: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['saveSubtitlePosition'];
@@ -81,7 +79,6 @@ export interface MainIpcRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
   setRuntimeOption: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['setRuntimeOption'];
   cycleRuntimeOption: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['cycleRuntimeOption'];
   reportOverlayContentBounds: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['reportOverlayContentBounds'];
-  reportHoveredSubtitleToken: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['reportHoveredSubtitleToken'];
   getAnilistStatus: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['getAnilistStatus'];
   clearAnilistToken: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['clearAnilistToken'];
   openAnilistSetup: IpcDepsRuntimeOptions['openAnilistSetup'];
@@ -132,9 +129,7 @@ export interface CliCommandRuntimeServiceDepsParams {
     isInitialized: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['isInitialized'];
     initialize: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['initialize'];
     toggleVisible: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['toggleVisible'];
-    toggleInvisible: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['toggleInvisible'];
     setVisible: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['setVisible'];
-    setInvisible: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['overlay']['setInvisible'];
   };
   mining: {
     copyCurrentSubtitle: CliCommandDepsRuntimeOptions['mining']['copyCurrentSubtitle'];
@@ -192,18 +187,16 @@ export function createMainIpcRuntimeServiceDeps(
   params: MainIpcRuntimeServiceDepsParams,
 ): IpcDepsRuntimeOptions {
   return {
-    getInvisibleWindow: params.getInvisibleWindow,
     getMainWindow: params.getMainWindow,
     getVisibleOverlayVisibility: params.getVisibleOverlayVisibility,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: params.getInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
     onOverlayModalClosed: params.onOverlayModalClosed,
+    onOverlayModalOpened: params.onOverlayModalOpened,
     openYomitanSettings: params.openYomitanSettings,
     quitApp: params.quitApp,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: params.toggleVisibleOverlay,
     tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: params.tokenizeCurrentSubtitle,
     getCurrentSubtitleRaw: params.getCurrentSubtitleRaw,
     getCurrentSubtitleAss: params.getCurrentSubtitleAss,
-    getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: params.getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
     getSubtitlePosition: params.getSubtitlePosition,
     getSubtitleStyle: params.getSubtitleStyle,
     saveSubtitlePosition: params.saveSubtitlePosition,
@@ -220,7 +213,6 @@ export function createMainIpcRuntimeServiceDeps(
     setRuntimeOption: params.setRuntimeOption,
     cycleRuntimeOption: params.cycleRuntimeOption,
     reportOverlayContentBounds: params.reportOverlayContentBounds,
-    reportHoveredSubtitleToken: params.reportHoveredSubtitleToken,
     getAnilistStatus: params.getAnilistStatus,
     clearAnilistToken: params.clearAnilistToken,
     openAnilistSetup: params.openAnilistSetup,
@@ -279,9 +271,7 @@ export function createCliCommandRuntimeServiceDeps(
       isInitialized: params.overlay.isInitialized,
       initialize: params.overlay.initialize,
       toggleVisible: params.overlay.toggleVisible,
-      toggleInvisible: params.overlay.toggleInvisible,
       setVisible: params.overlay.setVisible,
-      setInvisible: params.overlay.setInvisible,
     },
     mining: {
       copyCurrentSubtitle: params.mining.copyCurrentSubtitle,
diff --git a/src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts b/src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
index 032d444..46db4cd 100644
--- a/src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
@@ -2,50 +2,31 @@ import type { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
 
 import type { BaseWindowTracker } from '../window-trackers';
 import type { WindowGeometry } from '../types';
-import {
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough,
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
-  updateVisibleOverlayVisibility,
-} from '../core/services';
+import { updateVisibleOverlayVisibility } from '../core/services';
 
 export interface OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps {
   getMainWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null;
-  getInvisibleWindow: () => BrowserWindow | null;
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   getWindowTracker: () => BaseWindowTracker | null;
   getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => boolean;
   setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => void;
+  syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') => void;
   enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => void;
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
+  isMacOSPlatform: () => boolean;
+  showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => void;
+  resolveFallbackBounds: () => WindowGeometry;
 }
 
 export interface OverlayVisibilityRuntimeService {
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
 }
 
 export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
   deps: OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps,
 ): OverlayVisibilityRuntimeService {
-  const hasInvisibleWindow = (): boolean => {
-    const invisibleWindow = deps.getInvisibleWindow();
-    return Boolean(invisibleWindow && !invisibleWindow.isDestroyed());
-  };
-
-  const setIgnoreMouseEvents = (
-    ignore: boolean,
-    options?: Parameters<BrowserWindow['setIgnoreMouseEvents']>[1],
-  ): void => {
-    const invisibleWindow = deps.getInvisibleWindow();
-    if (!invisibleWindow || invisibleWindow.isDestroyed()) return;
-    invisibleWindow.setIgnoreMouseEvents(ignore, options);
-  };
-
   return {
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(): void {
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility({
@@ -59,31 +40,13 @@ export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntimeService(
         updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
           deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
         ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
+        syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') =>
+          deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer(layer),
         enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder(),
         syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
-      });
-    },
-
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(): void {
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility({
-        invisibleWindow: deps.getInvisibleWindow(),
-        visibleOverlayVisible: deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-        invisibleOverlayVisible: deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
-        windowTracker: deps.getWindowTracker(),
-        updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
-          deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
-        ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
-        enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder(),
-        syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
-      });
-    },
-
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough(): void {
-      syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough({
-        hasInvisibleWindow,
-        setIgnoreMouseEvents,
-        visibleOverlayVisible: deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-        invisibleOverlayVisible: deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
+        isMacOSPlatform: deps.isMacOSPlatform(),
+        showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => deps.showOverlayLoadingOsd(message),
+        resolveFallbackBounds: () => deps.resolveFallbackBounds(),
       });
     },
   };
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.test.ts
index 8569cc6..786078c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.test.ts
@@ -19,14 +19,12 @@ test('restore windows on activate deps builder maps all restoration callbacks',
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const deps = createBuildRestoreWindowsOnActivateMainDepsHandler({
     createMainWindow: () => calls.push('main'),
-    createInvisibleWindow: () => calls.push('invisible'),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('visible'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('invisible-visible'),
+    syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => calls.push('mpv-sync'),
   })();
 
   deps.createMainWindow();
-  deps.createInvisibleWindow();
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['main', 'invisible', 'visible', 'invisible-visible']);
+  deps.syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression();
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['main', 'visible', 'mpv-sync']);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.ts b/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.ts
index 3fde767..38168a0 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/app-lifecycle-main-activate.ts
@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ export function createBuildShouldRestoreWindowsOnActivateMainDepsHandler(deps: {
 
 export function createBuildRestoreWindowsOnActivateMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
+  syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => void;
 }) {
   return () => ({
     createMainWindow: () => deps.createMainWindow(),
-    createInvisibleWindow: () => deps.createInvisibleWindow(),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(),
+    syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => deps.syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression(),
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
index c0767a5..37252d5 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -50,26 +50,18 @@ test('initialize overlay runtime main deps map build options and callbacks', ()
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => false,
     initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: (value) => {
       calls.push(`core:${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
-      return { invisibleOverlayVisible: true };
     },
     buildOptions: () => options,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`set-invisible:${visible}`),
     setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (initialized) => calls.push(`set-initialized:${initialized}`),
     startBackgroundWarmups: () => calls.push('warmups'),
   })();
 
   assert.equal(deps.isOverlayRuntimeInitialized(), false);
   assert.equal(deps.buildOptions(), options);
-  assert.deepEqual(deps.initializeOverlayRuntimeCore(options), { invisibleOverlayVisible: true });
-  deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(true);
+  assert.equal(deps.initializeOverlayRuntimeCore(options), undefined);
   deps.setOverlayRuntimeInitialized(true);
   deps.startBackgroundWarmups();
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    'core:{"id":"opts"}',
-    'set-invisible:true',
-    'set-initialized:true',
-    'warmups',
-  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['core:{"id":"opts"}', 'set-initialized:true', 'warmups']);
 });
 
 test('open yomitan settings main deps map async open callbacks', async () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.ts
index da27598..278de88 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/app-runtime-main-deps.ts
@@ -45,9 +45,8 @@ export function createBuildDestroyTrayMainDepsHandler<TTray>(deps: {
 
 export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeBootstrapMainDepsHandler<TOptions>(deps: {
   isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => boolean;
-  initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: (options: TOptions) => { invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean };
+  initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: (options: TOptions) => void;
   buildOptions: () => TOptions;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (initialized: boolean) => void;
   startBackgroundWarmups: () => void;
 }) {
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeBootstrapMainDepsHandler<TOpt
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => deps.isOverlayRuntimeInitialized(),
     initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: (options: TOptions) => deps.initializeOverlayRuntimeCore(options),
     buildOptions: () => deps.buildOptions(),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
     setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (initialized: boolean) =>
       deps.setOverlayRuntimeInitialized(initialized),
     startBackgroundWarmups: () => deps.startBackgroundWarmups(),
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts
index 53540b6..3bb631b 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.test.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ test('build cli command context deps maps handlers and values', () => {
     isOverlayInitialized: () => true,
     initializeOverlay: () => calls.push('init'),
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
     setVisibleOverlay: (visible) => calls.push(`set-visible:${visible}`),
-    setInvisibleOverlay: (visible) => calls.push(`set-invisible:${visible}`),
     copyCurrentSubtitle: () => calls.push('copy'),
     startPendingMultiCopy: (ms) => calls.push(`multi:${ms}`),
     mineSentenceCard: async () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts
index f268210..ebd31f4 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-deps.ts
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextDepsHandler(deps: {
   isOverlayInitialized: () => boolean;
   initializeOverlay: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   setVisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
   copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
   startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => void;
   mineSentenceCard: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -60,9 +58,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextDepsHandler(deps: {
     isOverlayInitialized: deps.isOverlayInitialized,
     initializeOverlay: deps.initializeOverlay,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: deps.toggleVisibleOverlay,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: deps.toggleInvisibleOverlay,
     setVisibleOverlay: deps.setVisibleOverlay,
-    setInvisibleOverlay: deps.setInvisibleOverlay,
     copyCurrentSubtitle: deps.copyCurrentSubtitle,
     startPendingMultiCopy: deps.startPendingMultiCopy,
     mineSentenceCard: deps.mineSentenceCard,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-factory.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-factory.test.ts
index 584e6c4..43ed49c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-factory.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-factory.test.ts
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ test('cli command context factory composes main deps and context handlers', () =
     showMpvOsd: (text) => calls.push(`osd:${text}`),
     initializeOverlayRuntime: () => calls.push('init-overlay'),
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`set-visible:${visible}`),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`set-invisible:${visible}`),
     copyCurrentSubtitle: () => calls.push('copy-sub'),
     startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs) => calls.push(`multi:${timeoutMs}`),
     mineSentenceCard: async () => {},
@@ -73,16 +71,8 @@ test('cli command context factory composes main deps and context handlers', () =
   context.setSocketPath('/tmp/new.sock');
   context.showOsd('hello');
   context.setVisibleOverlay(true);
-  context.setInvisibleOverlay(false);
   context.toggleVisibleOverlay();
-  context.toggleInvisibleOverlay();
 
   assert.equal(appState.mpvSocketPath, '/tmp/new.sock');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    'osd:hello',
-    'set-visible:true',
-    'set-invisible:false',
-    'toggle-visible',
-    'toggle-invisible',
-  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['osd:hello', 'set-visible:true', 'toggle-visible']);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts
index 7a06eb3..24109bd 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ test('cli command context main deps builder maps state and callbacks', async ()
 
     initializeOverlayRuntime: () => calls.push('init-overlay'),
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`set-visible:${visible}`),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`set-invisible:${visible}`),
 
     copyCurrentSubtitle: () => calls.push('copy-sub'),
     startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs) => calls.push(`multi:${timeoutMs}`),
@@ -103,16 +101,9 @@ test('cli command context main deps builder maps state and callbacks', async ()
   deps.showOsd('hello');
   deps.initializeOverlay();
   deps.setVisibleOverlay(true);
-  deps.setInvisibleOverlay(false);
   deps.printHelp();
 
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    'osd:hello',
-    'init-overlay',
-    'set-visible:true',
-    'set-invisible:false',
-    'help',
-  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['osd:hello', 'init-overlay', 'set-visible:true', 'help']);
 
   const retry = await deps.retryAnilistQueueNow();
   assert.deepEqual(retry, { ok: true, message: 'ok' });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts
index 5200fd8..831c89d 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context-main-deps.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextMainDepsHandler(deps: {
 
   initializeOverlayRuntime: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
 
   copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
   startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => void;
@@ -70,9 +68,7 @@ export function createBuildCliCommandContextMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     isOverlayInitialized: () => deps.appState.overlayRuntimeInitialized,
     initializeOverlay: () => deps.initializeOverlayRuntime(),
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => deps.toggleVisibleOverlay(),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => deps.toggleInvisibleOverlay(),
     setVisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
-    setInvisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
     copyCurrentSubtitle: () => deps.copyCurrentSubtitle(),
     startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => deps.startPendingMultiCopy(timeoutMs),
     mineSentenceCard: () => deps.mineSentenceCard(),
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts
index 6d73755..1417433 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.test.ts
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ function createDeps() {
       isOverlayInitialized: () => true,
       initializeOverlay: () => {},
       toggleVisibleOverlay: () => {},
-      toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => {},
       setVisibleOverlay: () => {},
-      setInvisibleOverlay: () => {},
       copyCurrentSubtitle: () => {},
       startPendingMultiCopy: () => {},
       mineSentenceCard: async () => {},
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts
index a644961..d2aa185 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/cli-command-context.ts
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ export type CliCommandContextFactoryDeps = {
   isOverlayInitialized: () => boolean;
   initializeOverlay: () => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   setVisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlay: (visible: boolean) => void;
   copyCurrentSubtitle: () => void;
   startPendingMultiCopy: (timeoutMs: number) => void;
   mineSentenceCard: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -72,9 +70,7 @@ export function createCliCommandContext(
     isOverlayInitialized: deps.isOverlayInitialized,
     initializeOverlay: deps.initializeOverlay,
     toggleVisibleOverlay: deps.toggleVisibleOverlay,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: deps.toggleInvisibleOverlay,
     setVisibleOverlay: deps.setVisibleOverlay,
-    setInvisibleOverlay: deps.setInvisibleOverlay,
     copyCurrentSubtitle: deps.copyCurrentSubtitle,
     startPendingMultiCopy: deps.startPendingMultiCopy,
     mineSentenceCard: deps.mineSentenceCard,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts
index 51596dc..b862b89 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/composers/ipc-runtime-composer.test.ts
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ test('composeIpcRuntimeHandlers returns callable IPC handlers and registration b
         showMpvOsd: () => {},
       },
       mainDeps: {
-        getInvisibleWindow: () => null,
         getMainWindow: () => null,
         getVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
-        getInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
         focusMainWindow: () => {},
         onOverlayModalClosed: () => {},
         openYomitanSettings: () => {},
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ test('composeIpcRuntimeHandlers returns callable IPC handlers and registration b
         tokenizeCurrentSubtitle: async () => null,
         getCurrentSubtitleRaw: () => '',
         getCurrentSubtitleAss: () => '',
-        getMpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: () => ({}) as never,
         getSubtitlePosition: () => ({}) as never,
         getSubtitleStyle: () => ({}) as never,
         saveSubtitlePosition: () => {},
@@ -56,7 +53,6 @@ test('composeIpcRuntimeHandlers returns callable IPC handlers and registration b
         getAnkiConnectStatus: () => false,
         getRuntimeOptions: () => [],
         reportOverlayContentBounds: () => {},
-        reportHoveredSubtitleToken: () => {},
         getAnilistStatus: () => ({}) as never,
         clearAnilistToken: () => {},
         openAnilistSetup: () => {},
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/composers/mpv-runtime-composer.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/composers/mpv-runtime-composer.test.ts
index ca4654f..440766c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/composers/mpv-runtime-composer.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/composers/mpv-runtime-composer.test.ts
@@ -68,12 +68,14 @@ test('composeMpvRuntimeHandlers returns callable handlers and forwards to inject
       scheduleQuitCheck: () => {},
       quitApp: () => {},
       reportJellyfinRemoteStopped: () => {},
+      syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => {},
       maybeRunAnilistPostWatchUpdate: async () => {},
       logSubtitleTimingError: () => {},
       broadcastToOverlayWindows: () => {},
       onSubtitleChange: () => {},
       refreshDiscordPresence: () => {},
       updateCurrentMediaPath: () => {},
+      restoreMpvSubVisibilityForInvisibleOverlay: () => {},
       getCurrentAnilistMediaKey: () => null,
       resetAnilistMediaTracking: () => {},
       maybeProbeAnilistDuration: () => {},
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/composers/shortcuts-runtime-composer.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/composers/shortcuts-runtime-composer.test.ts
index f498a14..a93b547 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/composers/shortcuts-runtime-composer.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/composers/shortcuts-runtime-composer.test.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ test('composeShortcutRuntimes returns callable shortcut runtime handlers', () =>
         getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({}) as never,
         registerGlobalShortcutsCore: () => {},
         toggleVisibleOverlay: () => {},
-        toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => {},
         openYomitanSettings: () => {},
         isDev: false,
         getMainWindow: () => null,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/config-derived.ts b/src/main/runtime/config-derived.ts
index 3c90fc0..ac97855 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/config-derived.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/config-derived.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type { RuntimeOptionsManager } from '../../runtime-options';
 import type { JimakuApiResponse, JimakuLanguagePreference, ResolvedConfig } from '../../types';
 import {
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility as getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibilityCore,
   getJimakuLanguagePreference as getJimakuLanguagePreferenceCore,
   getJimakuMaxEntryResults as getJimakuMaxEntryResultsCore,
   isAutoUpdateEnabledRuntime as isAutoUpdateEnabledRuntimeCore,
@@ -14,14 +13,12 @@ import {
 export type ConfigDerivedRuntimeDeps = {
   getResolvedConfig: () => ResolvedConfig;
   getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => RuntimeOptionsManager | null;
-  platform: NodeJS.Platform;
   defaultJimakuLanguagePreference: JimakuLanguagePreference;
   defaultJimakuMaxEntryResults: number;
   defaultJimakuApiBaseUrl: string;
 };
 
 export function createConfigDerivedRuntime(deps: ConfigDerivedRuntimeDeps): {
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig: () => boolean;
   shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => boolean;
   isAutoUpdateEnabledRuntime: () => boolean;
@@ -34,8 +31,6 @@ export function createConfigDerivedRuntime(deps: ConfigDerivedRuntimeDeps): {
   ) => Promise<JimakuApiResponse<T>>;
 } {
   return {
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () =>
-      getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibilityCore(deps.getResolvedConfig(), deps.platform),
     shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfig: () =>
       shouldAutoInitializeOverlayRuntimeFromConfigCore(deps.getResolvedConfig()),
     shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () =>
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.test.ts
index 4fac2e6..662dea3 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ test('field grouping overlay main deps builder maps window visibility and resolv
       },
     }),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`visible:${visible}`),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`invisible:${visible}`),
     getResolver: () => resolver,
     setResolver: (nextResolver) => {
       calls.push(`set-resolver:${nextResolver ? 'set' : 'null'}`);
@@ -31,17 +29,10 @@ test('field grouping overlay main deps builder maps window visibility and resolv
 
   assert.equal(deps.getMainWindow()?.isDestroyed(), false);
   assert.equal(deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  assert.equal(deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   assert.equal(deps.getResolver(), resolver);
   assert.equal(deps.getRestoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose(), modalSet);
   deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(true);
-  deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(false);
   deps.setResolver(null);
   assert.equal(deps.sendToVisibleOverlay('kiku:open', 1), true);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    'visible:true',
-    'invisible:false',
-    'set-resolver:null',
-    'send:kiku:open:1',
-  ]);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['visible:true', 'set-resolver:null', 'send:kiku:open:1']);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.ts
index 9f3de0a..1dbf8a3 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/field-grouping-overlay-main-deps.ts
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ export function createBuildFieldGroupingOverlayMainDepsHandler<TModal extends st
   return (): BuiltFieldGroupingOverlayMainDeps<TModal> => ({
     getMainWindow: () => deps.getMainWindow(),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
     getResolver: () => deps.getResolver(),
     setResolver: (resolver) => deps.setResolver(resolver),
     getRestoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose: () => deps.getRestoreVisibleOverlayOnModalClose(),
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.test.ts
index 4a9cb00..e4f086c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ test('register global shortcuts main deps map callbacks and flags', () => {
     getConfiguredShortcuts: () => ({ copySubtitle: 's' } as never),
     registerGlobalShortcutsCore: () => calls.push('register'),
     toggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
     openYomitanSettings: () => calls.push('open-yomitan'),
     isDev: true,
     getMainWindow: () => mainWindow as never,
@@ -38,17 +37,15 @@ test('register global shortcuts main deps map callbacks and flags', () => {
   deps.registerGlobalShortcutsCore({
     shortcuts: deps.getConfiguredShortcuts(),
     onToggleVisibleOverlay: () => undefined,
-    onToggleInvisibleOverlay: () => undefined,
     onOpenYomitanSettings: () => undefined,
     isDev: deps.isDev,
     getMainWindow: deps.getMainWindow,
   });
   deps.onToggleVisibleOverlay();
-  deps.onToggleInvisibleOverlay();
   deps.onOpenYomitanSettings();
   assert.equal(deps.isDev, true);
   assert.deepEqual(deps.getMainWindow(), mainWindow);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['register', 'toggle-visible', 'toggle-invisible', 'open-yomitan']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['register', 'toggle-visible', 'open-yomitan']);
 });
 
 test('refresh global shortcuts main deps map passthrough handlers', () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.ts
index 779950f..5909d18 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-main-deps.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ export function createBuildRegisterGlobalShortcutsMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   getConfiguredShortcuts: () => RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions['shortcuts'];
   registerGlobalShortcutsCore: (options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions) => void;
   toggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   openYomitanSettings: () => void;
   isDev: boolean;
   getMainWindow: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions['getMainWindow'];
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ export function createBuildRegisterGlobalShortcutsMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     registerGlobalShortcutsCore: (options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions) =>
       deps.registerGlobalShortcutsCore(options),
     onToggleVisibleOverlay: () => deps.toggleVisibleOverlay(),
-    onToggleInvisibleOverlay: () => deps.toggleInvisibleOverlay(),
     onOpenYomitanSettings: () => deps.openYomitanSettings(),
     isDev: deps.isDev,
     getMainWindow: deps.getMainWindow,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-runtime-handlers.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-runtime-handlers.test.ts
index 2665177..963d84f 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-runtime-handlers.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts-runtime-handlers.test.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { createGlobalShortcutsRuntimeHandlers } from './global-shortcuts-runtime
 function createShortcuts(): ConfiguredShortcuts {
   return {
     toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+O',
-    toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+I',
     copySubtitle: 's',
     copySubtitleMultiple: 'CommandOrControl+s',
     updateLastCardFromClipboard: 'c',
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ test('global shortcuts runtime handlers compose get/register/refresh flow', () =
         assert.equal(options.shortcuts, shortcuts);
       },
       toggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-      toggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
       openYomitanSettings: () => calls.push('open-yomitan'),
       isDev: false,
       getMainWindow: () => null,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.test.ts
index 54cee83..a2fe05c 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import type { ConfiguredShortcuts } from '../../core/utils/shortcut-config';
 function createShortcuts(): ConfiguredShortcuts {
   return {
     toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+O',
-    toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal: 'CommandOrControl+Shift+I',
     copySubtitle: 's',
     copySubtitleMultiple: 'CommandOrControl+s',
     updateLastCardFromClipboard: 'c',
@@ -58,18 +57,16 @@ test('register global shortcuts handler passes through callbacks and shortcuts',
       assert.equal(options.isDev, true);
       assert.equal(options.getMainWindow(), mainWindow);
       options.onToggleVisibleOverlay();
-      options.onToggleInvisibleOverlay();
       options.onOpenYomitanSettings();
     },
     onToggleVisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-visible'),
-    onToggleInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('toggle-invisible'),
     onOpenYomitanSettings: () => calls.push('open-yomitan'),
     isDev: true,
     getMainWindow: () => mainWindow,
   });
 
   registerGlobalShortcuts();
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['register', 'toggle-visible', 'toggle-invisible', 'open-yomitan']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['register', 'toggle-visible', 'open-yomitan']);
 });
 
 test('refresh global and overlay shortcuts unregisters then re-registers', () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.ts b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.ts
index 4268c76..825b062 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/global-shortcuts.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ export function createRegisterGlobalShortcutsHandler(deps: {
   getConfiguredShortcuts: () => RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions['shortcuts'];
   registerGlobalShortcutsCore: (options: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions) => void;
   onToggleVisibleOverlay: () => void;
-  onToggleInvisibleOverlay: () => void;
   onOpenYomitanSettings: () => void;
   isDev: boolean;
   getMainWindow: RegisterGlobalShortcutsServiceOptions['getMainWindow'];
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ export function createRegisterGlobalShortcutsHandler(deps: {
     deps.registerGlobalShortcutsCore({
       shortcuts: deps.getConfiguredShortcuts(),
       onToggleVisibleOverlay: deps.onToggleVisibleOverlay,
-      onToggleInvisibleOverlay: deps.onToggleInvisibleOverlay,
       onOpenYomitanSettings: deps.onOpenYomitanSettings,
       isDev: deps.isDev,
       getMainWindow: deps.getMainWindow,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/jellyfin-command-dispatch.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/jellyfin-command-dispatch.test.ts
index 5f0b39b..7c88923 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/jellyfin-command-dispatch.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/jellyfin-command-dispatch.test.ts
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ function createArgs(overrides: Partial<CliArgs> = {}): CliArgs {
     toggleOverlay: false,
     hideOverlay: false,
     showOverlay: false,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay: false,
-    hideInvisibleOverlay: false,
-    showInvisibleOverlay: false,
     copyCurrentSubtitle: false,
     multiCopy: false,
     mineSentence: false,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.test.ts
index 16655ab..5f4bae7 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.test.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ test('mpv connection handler reports stop and quits when disconnect guard passes
   const handler = createHandleMpvConnectionChangeHandler({
     reportJellyfinRemoteStopped: () => calls.push('report-stop'),
     refreshDiscordPresence: () => calls.push('presence-refresh'),
+    syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => calls.push('sync-overlay-mpv-sub'),
     hasInitialJellyfinPlayArg: () => true,
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => false,
     isQuitOnDisconnectArmed: () => true,
@@ -26,6 +27,27 @@ test('mpv connection handler reports stop and quits when disconnect guard passes
   assert.deepEqual(calls, ['presence-refresh', 'report-stop', 'schedule', 'quit']);
 });
 
+test('mpv connection handler syncs overlay subtitle suppression on connect', () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const handler = createHandleMpvConnectionChangeHandler({
+    reportJellyfinRemoteStopped: () => calls.push('report-stop'),
+    refreshDiscordPresence: () => calls.push('presence-refresh'),
+    syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => calls.push('sync-overlay-mpv-sub'),
+    hasInitialJellyfinPlayArg: () => true,
+    isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => false,
+    isQuitOnDisconnectArmed: () => true,
+    scheduleQuitCheck: () => {
+      calls.push('schedule');
+    },
+    isMpvConnected: () => false,
+    quitApp: () => calls.push('quit'),
+  });
+
+  handler({ connected: true });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['presence-refresh', 'sync-overlay-mpv-sub']);
+});
+
 test('mpv subtitle timing handler ignores blank subtitle lines', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const handler = createHandleMpvSubtitleTimingHandler({
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.ts b/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.ts
index 98d016b..eefe3f8 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/mpv-client-event-bindings.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ type MpvEventClient = {
 export function createHandleMpvConnectionChangeHandler(deps: {
   reportJellyfinRemoteStopped: () => void;
   refreshDiscordPresence: () => void;
+  syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression: () => void;
   hasInitialJellyfinPlayArg: () => boolean;
   isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => boolean;
   isQuitOnDisconnectArmed: () => boolean;
@@ -27,7 +28,10 @@ export function createHandleMpvConnectionChangeHandler(deps: {
 }) {
   return ({ connected }: { connected: boolean }): void => {
     deps.refreshDiscordPresence();
-    if (connected) return;
+    if (connected) {
+      deps.syncOverlayMpvSubtitleSuppression();
+      return;
+    }
     deps.reportJellyfinRemoteStopped();
     if (!deps.hasInitialJellyfinPlayArg()) return;
     if (deps.isOverlayRuntimeInitialized()) return;
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 45a1fa3..0000000
--- a/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-import test from 'node:test';
-
-import { PartOfSpeech, type SubtitleData } from '../../types';
-import {
-  HOVER_TOKEN_MESSAGE,
-  HOVER_SCRIPT_NAME,
-  buildHoveredTokenMessageCommand,
-  buildHoveredTokenPayload,
-  createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler,
-} from './mpv-hover-highlight';
-
-const SUBTITLE: SubtitleData = {
-  text: '昨日は雨だった。',
-  tokens: [
-    {
-      surface: '昨日',
-      reading: 'きのう',
-      headword: '昨日',
-      startPos: 0,
-      endPos: 2,
-      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.noun,
-      isMerged: false,
-      isKnown: false,
-      isNPlusOneTarget: false,
-    },
-    {
-      surface: 'は',
-      reading: 'は',
-      headword: 'は',
-      startPos: 2,
-      endPos: 3,
-      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.particle,
-      isMerged: false,
-      isKnown: true,
-      isNPlusOneTarget: false,
-    },
-    {
-      surface: '雨',
-      reading: 'あめ',
-      headword: '雨',
-      startPos: 3,
-      endPos: 4,
-      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.noun,
-      isMerged: false,
-      isKnown: false,
-      isNPlusOneTarget: true,
-    },
-    {
-      surface: 'だった。',
-      reading: 'だった。',
-      headword: 'だ',
-      startPos: 4,
-      endPos: 8,
-      partOfSpeech: PartOfSpeech.other,
-      isMerged: false,
-      isKnown: false,
-      isNPlusOneTarget: false,
-    },
-  ],
-};
-
-test('buildHoveredTokenPayload normalizes metadata and strips empty tokens', () => {
-  const payload = buildHoveredTokenPayload({
-    subtitle: SUBTITLE,
-    hoveredTokenIndex: 2,
-    revision: 5,
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(payload.revision, 5);
-  assert.equal(payload.subtitle, '昨日は雨だった。');
-  assert.equal(payload.hoveredTokenIndex, 2);
-  assert.equal(payload.tokens.length, 4);
-  assert.equal(payload.tokens[0]?.text, '昨日');
-  assert.equal(payload.tokens[0]?.index, 0);
-  assert.equal(payload.tokens[1]?.index, 1);
-  assert.equal(payload.colors.hover, 'C6A0F6');
-});
-
-test('buildHoveredTokenPayload normalizes hover color override', () => {
-  const payload = buildHoveredTokenPayload({
-    subtitle: SUBTITLE,
-    hoveredTokenIndex: 1,
-    revision: 7,
-    hoverColor: '#c6a0f6',
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(payload.colors.hover, 'C6A0F6');
-});
-
-test('buildHoveredTokenMessageCommand sends script-message-to subminer payload', () => {
-  const payload = buildHoveredTokenPayload({
-    subtitle: SUBTITLE,
-    hoveredTokenIndex: 0,
-    revision: 1,
-  });
-
-  const command = buildHoveredTokenMessageCommand(payload);
-
-  assert.equal(command[0], 'script-message-to');
-  assert.equal(command[1], HOVER_SCRIPT_NAME);
-  assert.equal(command[2], HOVER_TOKEN_MESSAGE);
-
-  const raw = command[3] as string;
-  const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
-  assert.equal(parsed.revision, 1);
-  assert.equal(parsed.hoveredTokenIndex, 0);
-  assert.equal(parsed.subtitle, '昨日は雨だった。');
-  assert.equal(parsed.tokens.length, 4);
-});
-
-test('createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler sends clear payload when hovered token is missing', () => {
-  const commands: Array<(string | number)[]> = [];
-  const apply = createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler({
-    getMpvClient: () => ({
-      connected: true,
-      send: ({ command }: { command: (string | number)[] }) => {
-        commands.push(command);
-        return true;
-      },
-    }),
-    getCurrentSubtitleData: () => SUBTITLE,
-    getHoveredTokenIndex: () => null,
-    getHoveredSubtitleRevision: () => 3,
-    getHoverTokenColor: () => null,
-  });
-
-  apply();
-
-  const parsed = JSON.parse(commands[0]?.[3] as string);
-  assert.equal(parsed.hoveredTokenIndex, null);
-  assert.equal(parsed.subtitle, null);
-  assert.equal(parsed.tokens.length, 0);
-});
-
-test('createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler sends highlight payload when hover is active', () => {
-  const commands: Array<(string | number)[]> = [];
-  const apply = createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler({
-    getMpvClient: () => ({
-      connected: true,
-      send: ({ command }: { command: (string | number)[] }) => {
-        commands.push(command);
-        return true;
-      },
-    }),
-    getCurrentSubtitleData: () => SUBTITLE,
-    getHoveredTokenIndex: () => 0,
-    getHoveredSubtitleRevision: () => 3,
-    getHoverTokenColor: () => '#c6a0f6',
-  });
-
-  apply();
-
-  const parsed = JSON.parse(commands[0]?.[3] as string);
-  assert.equal(parsed.hoveredTokenIndex, 0);
-  assert.equal(parsed.subtitle, '昨日は雨だった。');
-  assert.equal(parsed.tokens.length, 4);
-  assert.equal(parsed.colors.hover, 'C6A0F6');
-  assert.equal(commands[0]?.[0], 'script-message-to');
-  assert.equal(commands[0]?.[1], HOVER_SCRIPT_NAME);
-});
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.ts b/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 1932bfa..0000000
--- a/src/main/runtime/mpv-hover-highlight.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-import type { SubtitleData } from '../../types';
-
-export const HOVER_SCRIPT_NAME = 'subminer';
-export const HOVER_TOKEN_MESSAGE = 'subminer-hover-token';
-
-const DEFAULT_HOVER_TOKEN_COLOR = 'C6A0F6';
-const DEFAULT_TOKEN_COLOR = 'FFFFFF';
-
-export type HoverPayloadToken = {
-  text: string;
-  index: number;
-  startPos: number | null;
-  endPos: number | null;
-};
-
-export type HoverTokenPayload = {
-  revision: number;
-  subtitle: string | null;
-  hoveredTokenIndex: number | null;
-  tokens: HoverPayloadToken[];
-  colors: {
-    base: string;
-    hover: string;
-  };
-};
-
-type HoverTokenInput = {
-  subtitle: SubtitleData | null;
-  hoveredTokenIndex: number | null;
-  revision: number;
-  hoverColor?: string | null;
-};
-
-function normalizeHexColor(color: string | null | undefined, fallback: string): string {
-  if (typeof color !== 'string') {
-    return fallback;
-  }
-  const normalized = color.trim().replace(/^#/, '').toUpperCase();
-  return /^[0-9A-F]{6}$/.test(normalized) ? normalized : fallback;
-}
-
-function sanitizeSubtitleText(text: string): string {
-  return text
-    .replace(/\\N/g, '\n')
-    .replace(/\\n/g, '\n')
-    .replace(/\{[^}]*\}/g, '')
-    .trim();
-}
-
-function sanitizeTokenSurface(surface: unknown): string {
-  return typeof surface === 'string' ? surface : '';
-}
-
-function hasHoveredToken(subtitle: SubtitleData | null, hoveredTokenIndex: number | null): boolean {
-  if (!subtitle || hoveredTokenIndex === null || hoveredTokenIndex < 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return subtitle.tokens?.some((token, index) => index === hoveredTokenIndex) ?? false;
-}
-
-export function buildHoveredTokenPayload(input: HoverTokenInput): HoverTokenPayload {
-  const { subtitle, hoveredTokenIndex, revision, hoverColor } = input;
-
-  const tokens: HoverPayloadToken[] = [];
-
-  if (subtitle?.tokens && subtitle.tokens.length > 0) {
-    for (let tokenIndex = 0; tokenIndex < subtitle.tokens.length; tokenIndex += 1) {
-      const token = subtitle.tokens[tokenIndex];
-      if (!token) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      const surface = sanitizeTokenSurface(token?.surface);
-      if (!surface || surface.trim().length === 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      tokens.push({
-        text: surface,
-        index: tokenIndex,
-        startPos: Number.isFinite(token.startPos) ? token.startPos : null,
-        endPos: Number.isFinite(token.endPos) ? token.endPos : null,
-      });
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    revision,
-    subtitle: subtitle ? sanitizeSubtitleText(subtitle.text) : null,
-    hoveredTokenIndex:
-      hoveredTokenIndex !== null && hoveredTokenIndex >= 0 ? hoveredTokenIndex : null,
-    tokens,
-    colors: {
-      base: DEFAULT_TOKEN_COLOR,
-      hover: normalizeHexColor(hoverColor, DEFAULT_HOVER_TOKEN_COLOR),
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-export function buildHoveredTokenMessageCommand(payload: HoverTokenPayload): (string | number)[] {
-  return [
-    'script-message-to',
-    HOVER_SCRIPT_NAME,
-    HOVER_TOKEN_MESSAGE,
-    JSON.stringify(payload),
-  ];
-}
-
-export function createApplyHoveredTokenOverlayHandler(deps: {
-  getMpvClient: () => {
-    connected: boolean;
-    send: (payload: { command: (string | number)[] }) => boolean;
-  } | null;
-  getCurrentSubtitleData: () => SubtitleData | null;
-  getHoveredTokenIndex: () => number | null;
-  getHoveredSubtitleRevision: () => number;
-  getHoverTokenColor: () => string | null;
-}) {
-  return (): void => {
-    const mpvClient = deps.getMpvClient();
-    if (!mpvClient || !mpvClient.connected) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const subtitle = deps.getCurrentSubtitleData();
-    const hoveredTokenIndex = deps.getHoveredTokenIndex();
-    const revision = deps.getHoveredSubtitleRevision();
-    const hoverColor = deps.getHoverTokenColor();
-    const payload = buildHoveredTokenPayload({
-      subtitle: subtitle && hasHoveredToken(subtitle, hoveredTokenIndex) ? subtitle : null,
-      hoveredTokenIndex: hoveredTokenIndex,
-      revision,
-      hoverColor,
-    });
-
-    mpvClient.send({ command: buildHoveredTokenMessageCommand(payload) });
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/mpv-main-event-actions.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/mpv-main-event-actions.test.ts
index 61ee595..9a923af 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/mpv-main-event-actions.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/mpv-main-event-actions.test.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ test('media path change handler reports stop for empty path and probes media key
   const handler = createHandleMpvMediaPathChangeHandler({
     updateCurrentMediaPath: (path) => calls.push(`path:${path}`),
     reportJellyfinRemoteStopped: () => calls.push('stopped'),
+    restoreMpvSubVisibilityForInvisibleOverlay: () => calls.push('restore-mpv-sub'),
     getCurrentAnilistMediaKey: () => 'show:1',
     resetAnilistMediaTracking: (mediaKey) => calls.push(`reset:${String(mediaKey)}`),
     maybeProbeAnilistDuration: (mediaKey) => calls.push(`probe:${mediaKey}`),
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ test('media path change handler reports stop for empty path and probes media key
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'path:',
     'stopped',
+    'restore-mpv-sub',
     'reset:show:1',
     'probe:show:1',
     'guess:show:1',
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
index 8b1f600..4fd86f1 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -19,12 +19,10 @@ test('overlay content measurement store main deps builder maps callbacks', () =>
 
 test('overlay modal runtime main deps builder maps window resolvers', () => {
   const mainWindow = { id: 'main' };
-  const invisibleWindow = { id: 'invisible' };
   const modalWindow = { id: 'modal' };
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const deps = createBuildOverlayModalRuntimeMainDepsHandler({
     getMainWindow: () => mainWindow as never,
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => invisibleWindow as never,
     getModalWindow: () => modalWindow as never,
     createModalWindow: () => modalWindow as never,
     getModalGeometry: () => ({ x: 1, y: 2, width: 3, height: 4 }),
@@ -33,7 +31,6 @@ test('overlay modal runtime main deps builder maps window resolvers', () => {
   })();
 
   assert.equal(deps.getMainWindow(), mainWindow);
-  assert.equal(deps.getInvisibleWindow(), invisibleWindow);
   assert.equal(deps.getModalWindow(), modalWindow);
   assert.equal(deps.createModalWindow(), modalWindow);
   assert.deepEqual(deps.getModalGeometry(), { x: 1, y: 2, width: 3, height: 4 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
index dc59a34..b16d6c5 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ export function createBuildOverlayModalRuntimeMainDepsHandler(
 ) {
   return (): OverlayWindowResolver => ({
     getMainWindow: () => deps.getMainWindow(),
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => deps.getInvisibleWindow(),
     getModalWindow: () => deps.getModalWindow(),
     createModalWindow: () => deps.createModalWindow(),
     getModalGeometry: () => deps.getModalGeometry(),
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap-handlers.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap-handlers.test.ts
index 8ce8462..4e73a59 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap-handlers.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap-handlers.test.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap handlers compose options builder and bootstrap h
     ankiIntegration: null as unknown,
   };
   let initialized = false;
-  let invisibleOverlayVisible = false;
   let warmupsStarted = 0;
 
   const { initializeOverlayRuntime } = createOverlayRuntimeBootstrapHandlers({
@@ -23,21 +22,16 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap handlers compose options builder and bootstrap h
       appState,
       overlayManager: {
         getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-        getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
       },
       overlayVisibilityRuntime: {
         updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-        updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
       },
       overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
         syncOverlayShortcuts: () => {},
       },
-      getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => false,
       createMainWindow: () => {},
-      createInvisibleWindow: () => {},
       registerGlobalShortcuts: () => {},
       updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
-      updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: () => {},
       getOverlayWindows: () => [],
       getResolvedConfig: () => ({}),
       showDesktopNotification: () => {},
@@ -52,10 +46,7 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap handlers compose options builder and bootstrap h
     },
     initializeOverlayRuntimeBootstrapDeps: {
       isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => initialized,
-      initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: () => ({ invisibleOverlayVisible: true }),
-      setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => {
-        invisibleOverlayVisible = visible;
-      },
+      initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: () => {},
       setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (next) => {
         initialized = next;
       },
@@ -68,7 +59,6 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap handlers compose options builder and bootstrap h
   initializeOverlayRuntime();
   initializeOverlayRuntime();
 
-  assert.equal(invisibleOverlayVisible, true);
   assert.equal(initialized, true);
   assert.equal(warmupsStarted, 1);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.test.ts
index afe2228..890313d 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.test.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap no-ops when already initialized', () => {
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => true,
     initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: () => {
       coreCalls += 1;
-      return { invisibleOverlayVisible: false };
     },
     buildOptions: () => ({} as never),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => {},
     setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => {},
     startBackgroundWarmups: () => {},
   });
@@ -27,15 +25,11 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap runs core init and applies post-init state', ()
     isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => initialized,
     initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: () => {
       calls.push('core');
-      return { invisibleOverlayVisible: true };
     },
     buildOptions: () => {
       calls.push('options');
       return {} as never;
     },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => {
-      calls.push(`invisible:${visible ? 'yes' : 'no'}`);
-    },
     setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (value) => {
       initialized = value;
       calls.push(`initialized:${value ? 'yes' : 'no'}`);
@@ -47,5 +41,5 @@ test('overlay runtime bootstrap runs core init and applies post-init state', ()
 
   initialize();
   assert.equal(initialized, true);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['options', 'core', 'invisible:yes', 'initialized:yes', 'warmups']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['options', 'core', 'initialized:yes', 'warmups']);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts
index e05f7de..8bac07b 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-bootstrap.ts
@@ -9,16 +9,11 @@ import type {
 
 type InitializeOverlayRuntimeCore = (options: {
   backendOverride: string | null;
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -35,20 +30,18 @@ type InitializeOverlayRuntimeCore = (options: {
     data: KikuFieldGroupingRequestData,
   ) => Promise<KikuFieldGroupingChoice>;
   getKnownWordCacheStatePath: () => string;
-}) => { invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean };
+}) => void;
 
 export function createInitializeOverlayRuntimeHandler(deps: {
   isOverlayRuntimeInitialized: () => boolean;
   initializeOverlayRuntimeCore: InitializeOverlayRuntimeCore;
   buildOptions: () => Parameters<InitializeOverlayRuntimeCore>[0];
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
   setOverlayRuntimeInitialized: (initialized: boolean) => void;
   startBackgroundWarmups: () => void;
 }) {
   return (): void => {
     if (deps.isOverlayRuntimeInitialized()) return;
-    const result = deps.initializeOverlayRuntimeCore(deps.buildOptions());
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(result.invisibleOverlayVisible);
+    deps.initializeOverlayRuntimeCore(deps.buildOptions());
     deps.setOverlayRuntimeInitialized(true);
     deps.startBackgroundWarmups();
   };
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.test.ts
index 4e50aef..298e805 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -57,14 +57,12 @@ test('set overlay debug visualization main deps builder maps callbacks', () => {
     setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime: () => calls.push('set-runtime'),
     getCurrentEnabled: () => false,
     setCurrentEnabled: () => calls.push('set-current'),
-    broadcastToOverlayWindows: () => calls.push('broadcast'),
   })();
 
-  deps.setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime(false, true, () => {}, () => {});
+  deps.setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime(false, true, () => {});
   assert.equal(deps.getCurrentEnabled(), false);
   deps.setCurrentEnabled(true);
-  deps.broadcastToOverlayWindows('overlay:debug');
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set-runtime', 'set-current', 'broadcast']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set-runtime', 'set-current']);
 });
 
 test('open runtime options palette main deps builder maps callbacks', () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.ts
index 683c4ee..23dd597 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions-main-deps.ts
@@ -65,18 +65,14 @@ export function createBuildSetOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledMainDepsHandler(
       currentEnabled,
       nextEnabled,
       setCurrentEnabled,
-      broadcastToOverlayWindows,
     ) =>
       deps.setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime(
         currentEnabled,
         nextEnabled,
         setCurrentEnabled,
-        broadcastToOverlayWindows,
       ),
     getCurrentEnabled: () => deps.getCurrentEnabled(),
     setCurrentEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => deps.setCurrentEnabled(enabled),
-    broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, ...args: unknown[]) =>
-      deps.broadcastToOverlayWindows(channel, ...args),
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.test.ts
index f08c536..109613e 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.test.ts
@@ -104,22 +104,21 @@ test('set overlay debug visualization enabled delegates with current state and b
   const calls: string[] = [];
   let current = false;
   const setEnabled = createSetOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledHandler({
-    setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime: (curr, next, setCurrent, broadcast) => {
+    setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime: (curr, next, setCurrent) => {
       calls.push(`runtime:${curr}->${next}`);
       setCurrent(next);
-      broadcast('overlay-debug:set', next);
+      // no renderer-level side effects for this legacy debug path.
     },
     getCurrentEnabled: () => current,
     setCurrentEnabled: (enabled) => {
       current = enabled;
       calls.push(`set:${enabled}`);
     },
-    broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel, value) => calls.push(`emit:${channel}:${value}`),
   });
 
   setEnabled(true);
   assert.equal(current, true);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['runtime:false->true', 'set:true', 'emit:overlay-debug:set:true']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['runtime:false->true', 'set:true']);
 });
 
 test('open runtime options palette handler delegates to runtime', () => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.ts
index 574195e..db70b3b 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-main-actions.ts
@@ -65,18 +65,15 @@ export function createSetOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledHandler(deps: {
     currentEnabled: boolean,
     nextEnabled: boolean,
     setCurrentEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => void,
-    broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void,
   ) => void;
   getCurrentEnabled: () => boolean;
   setCurrentEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => void;
-  broadcastToOverlayWindows: (channel: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void;
 }) {
   return (enabled: boolean): void => {
     deps.setOverlayDebugVisualizationEnabledRuntime(
       deps.getCurrentEnabled(),
       enabled,
       (next) => deps.setCurrentEnabled(next),
-      (channel, ...args) => deps.broadcastToOverlayWindows(channel, ...args),
     );
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts
index 8e15506..0a69adb 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -19,21 +19,16 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
     appState,
     overlayManager: {
       getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-      getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     },
     overlayVisibilityRuntime: {
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-invisible'),
     },
     overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
       syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
     },
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => true,
     createMainWindow: () => calls.push('create-main'),
-    createInvisibleWindow: () => calls.push('create-invisible'),
     registerGlobalShortcuts: () => calls.push('register-shortcuts'),
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('visible-bounds'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('invisible-bounds'),
     getOverlayWindows: () => [],
     getResolvedConfig: () => ({}),
     showDesktopNotification: () => calls.push('notify'),
@@ -48,19 +43,14 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
 
   const deps = build();
   assert.equal(deps.getBackendOverride(), 'x11');
-  assert.equal(deps.getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(), true);
   assert.equal(deps.isVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  assert.equal(deps.isInvisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   assert.equal(deps.getMpvSocketPath(), '/tmp/mpv.sock');
   assert.equal(deps.getKnownWordCacheStatePath(), '/tmp/known-words-cache.json');
 
   deps.createMainWindow();
-  deps.createInvisibleWindow();
   deps.registerGlobalShortcuts();
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
-  deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
   deps.syncOverlayShortcuts();
   deps.showDesktopNotification('title', {});
 
@@ -73,12 +63,9 @@ test('overlay runtime main deps builder maps runtime state and callbacks', () =>
 
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'create-main',
-    'create-invisible',
     'register-shortcuts',
     'visible-bounds',
-    'invisible-bounds',
     'update-visible',
-    'update-invisible',
     'sync-shortcuts',
     'notify',
   ]);
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts
index b088d1b..8baa009 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options-main-deps.ts
@@ -17,18 +17,14 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
   };
   overlayManager: {
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   };
   overlayVisibilityRuntime: {
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   };
   overlayShortcutsRuntime: {
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   };
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: {
     x: number;
@@ -36,12 +32,6 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
     width: number;
     height: number;
   }) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: {
-    x: number;
-    y: number;
-    width: number;
-    height: number;
-  }) => void;
   getOverlayWindows: OverlayRuntimeOptionsMainDeps['getOverlayWindows'];
   getResolvedConfig: () => { ankiConnect?: AnkiConnectConfig };
   showDesktopNotification: (title: string, options: { body?: string; icon?: string }) => void;
@@ -50,9 +40,7 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
 }) {
   return (): OverlayRuntimeOptionsMainDeps => ({
     getBackendOverride: () => deps.appState.backendOverride,
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(),
     createMainWindow: () => deps.createMainWindow(),
-    createInvisibleWindow: () => deps.createInvisibleWindow(),
     registerGlobalShortcuts: () => deps.registerGlobalShortcuts(),
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: {
       x: number;
@@ -60,18 +48,9 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: {
       width: number;
       height: number;
     }) => deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: {
-      x: number;
-      y: number;
-      width: number;
-      height: number;
-    }) => deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.overlayManager.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-    isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.overlayManager.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () =>
       deps.overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () =>
-      deps.overlayVisibilityRuntime.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(),
     getOverlayWindows: () => deps.getOverlayWindows(),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.overlayShortcutsRuntime.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
     setWindowTracker: (tracker) => {
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts
index 9f8d853..90ff1d3 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.test.ts
@@ -6,16 +6,11 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const buildOptions = createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler({
     getBackendOverride: () => 'x11',
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => true,
     createMainWindow: () => calls.push('create-main'),
-    createInvisibleWindow: () => calls.push('create-invisible'),
     registerGlobalShortcuts: () => calls.push('register-shortcuts'),
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('update-visible-bounds'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('update-invisible-bounds'),
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-invisible'),
     getOverlayWindows: () => [],
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
     setWindowTracker: () => calls.push('set-tracker'),
@@ -37,18 +32,13 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
 
   const options = buildOptions();
   assert.equal(options.backendOverride, 'x11');
-  assert.equal(options.getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility(), true);
   assert.equal(options.isVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  assert.equal(options.isInvisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   assert.equal(options.getMpvSocketPath(), '/tmp/mpv.sock');
   assert.equal(options.getKnownWordCacheStatePath(), '/tmp/known-words-cache.json');
   options.createMainWindow();
-  options.createInvisibleWindow();
   options.registerGlobalShortcuts();
   options.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
-  options.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
   options.syncOverlayShortcuts();
   options.setWindowTracker(null);
   options.setAnkiIntegration(null);
@@ -56,12 +46,9 @@ test('build initialize overlay runtime options maps dependencies', () => {
 
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'create-main',
-    'create-invisible',
     'register-shortcuts',
     'update-visible-bounds',
-    'update-invisible-bounds',
     'update-visible',
-    'update-invisible',
     'sync-shortcuts',
     'set-tracker',
     'set-anki',
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts
index a6873a4..664588b 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-runtime-options.ts
@@ -9,16 +9,11 @@ import type { BaseWindowTracker } from '../../window-trackers';
 
 type OverlayRuntimeOptions = {
   backendOverride: string | null;
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -39,16 +34,11 @@ type OverlayRuntimeOptions = {
 
 export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
   getBackendOverride: () => string | null;
-  getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => boolean;
   createMainWindow: () => void;
-  createInvisibleWindow: () => void;
   registerGlobalShortcuts: () => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
   isVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  isInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
   getOverlayWindows: () => BrowserWindow[];
   syncOverlayShortcuts: () => void;
   setWindowTracker: (tracker: BaseWindowTracker | null) => void;
@@ -68,16 +58,11 @@ export function createBuildInitializeOverlayRuntimeOptionsHandler(deps: {
 }) {
   return (): OverlayRuntimeOptions => ({
     backendOverride: deps.getBackendOverride(),
-    getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.getInitialInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
     createMainWindow: deps.createMainWindow,
-    createInvisibleWindow: deps.createInvisibleWindow,
     registerGlobalShortcuts: deps.registerGlobalShortcuts,
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds,
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds,
     isVisibleOverlayVisible: deps.isVisibleOverlayVisible,
-    isInvisibleOverlayVisible: deps.isInvisibleOverlayVisible,
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility,
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
     getOverlayWindows: deps.getOverlayWindows,
     syncOverlayShortcuts: deps.syncOverlayShortcuts,
     setWindowTracker: deps.setWindowTracker,
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.test.ts
index c2f5f05..d3f52dc 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
 import {
-  createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildSetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler,
-  createBuildToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildToggleVisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler,
 } from './overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps';
 
@@ -14,45 +12,14 @@ test('overlay visibility action main deps builders map callbacks', () => {
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleCore: () => calls.push('visible-core'),
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible) => calls.push(`visible-state:${visible}`),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-invisible'),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => calls.push('sync'),
-    shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => true,
-    isMpvConnected: () => true,
-    setMpvSubVisibility: (visible) => calls.push(`mpv:${visible}`),
   })();
   setVisible.setVisibleOverlayVisibleCore({
     visible: true,
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: () => {},
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => {},
-    shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => true,
-    isMpvConnected: () => true,
-    setMpvSubVisibility: () => {},
   });
   setVisible.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState(true);
   setVisible.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  setVisible.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  setVisible.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-  assert.equal(setVisible.shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility(), true);
-  assert.equal(setVisible.isMpvConnected(), true);
-  setVisible.setMpvSubVisibility(false);
-
-  const setInvisible = createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler({
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore: () => calls.push('invisible-core'),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible) => calls.push(`invisible-state:${visible}`),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-only-invisible'),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => calls.push('sync-only'),
-  })();
-  setInvisible.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore({
-    visible: false,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: () => {},
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => {},
-  });
-  setInvisible.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState(false);
-  setInvisible.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-  setInvisible.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
 
   const toggleVisible = createBuildToggleVisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler({
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
@@ -61,25 +28,10 @@ test('overlay visibility action main deps builders map callbacks', () => {
   assert.equal(toggleVisible.getVisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   toggleVisible.setVisibleOverlayVisible(true);
 
-  const toggleInvisible = createBuildToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler({
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => calls.push(`toggle-invisible:${visible}`),
-  })();
-  assert.equal(toggleInvisible.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  toggleInvisible.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(false);
-
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'visible-core',
     'visible-state:true',
     'update-visible',
-    'update-invisible',
-    'sync',
-    'mpv:false',
-    'invisible-core',
-    'invisible-state:false',
-    'update-only-invisible',
-    'sync-only',
     'toggle-visible:true',
-    'toggle-invisible:false',
   ]);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.ts
index f4b9941..a707f8e 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 import type {
-  createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
   createSetVisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
-  createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler,
   createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler,
 } from './overlay-visibility-actions';
 
 type SetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createSetVisibleOverlayVisibleHandler>[0];
-type SetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler>[0];
 type ToggleVisibleOverlayMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler>[0];
-type ToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler>[0];
 
 export function createBuildSetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler(
   deps: SetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps,
@@ -17,22 +13,6 @@ export function createBuildSetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler(
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleCore: (options) => deps.setVisibleOverlayVisibleCore(options),
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => deps.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState(visible),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility(),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => deps.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough(),
-    shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => deps.shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility(),
-    isMpvConnected: () => deps.isMpvConnected(),
-    setMpvSubVisibility: (visible: boolean) => deps.setMpvSubVisibility(visible),
-  });
-}
-
-export function createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler(
-  deps: SetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps,
-) {
-  return (): SetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps => ({
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore: (options) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore(options),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState(visible),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility(),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => deps.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough(),
   });
 }
 
@@ -42,12 +22,3 @@ export function createBuildToggleVisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler(deps: ToggleVisib
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
   });
 }
-
-export function createBuildToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler(
-  deps: ToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDeps,
-) {
-  return (): ToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDeps => ({
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
-  });
-}
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.test.ts
index afaae12..068f087 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import test from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
-  createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
   createSetVisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
-  createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler,
   createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler,
 } from './overlay-visibility-actions';
 
@@ -14,17 +12,9 @@ test('set visible overlay handler forwards dependencies to core', () => {
       calls.push(`core:${options.visible}`);
       options.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
       options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-      options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-      options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-      options.setMpvSubVisibility(!options.visible);
     },
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible) => calls.push(`state:${visible}`),
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-visible'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-invisible'),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => calls.push('sync-mouse'),
-    shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => true,
-    isMpvConnected: () => true,
-    setMpvSubVisibility: (visible) => calls.push(`mpv-sub:${visible}`),
   });
 
   setVisible(true);
@@ -32,30 +22,9 @@ test('set visible overlay handler forwards dependencies to core', () => {
     'core:true',
     'state:true',
     'update-visible',
-    'update-invisible',
-    'sync-mouse',
-    'mpv-sub:false',
   ]);
 });
 
-test('set invisible overlay handler forwards dependencies to core', () => {
-  const calls: string[] = [];
-  const setInvisible = createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler({
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore: (options) => {
-      calls.push(`core:${options.visible}`);
-      options.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
-      options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-      options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-    },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible) => calls.push(`state:${visible}`),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => calls.push('update-invisible'),
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => calls.push('sync-mouse'),
-  });
-
-  setInvisible(false);
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['core:false', 'state:false', 'update-invisible', 'sync-mouse']);
-});
-
 test('toggle visible overlay flips current visible state', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   let current = false;
@@ -71,19 +40,3 @@ test('toggle visible overlay flips current visible state', () => {
   toggle();
   assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set:true', 'set:false']);
 });
-
-test('toggle invisible overlay flips current invisible state', () => {
-  const calls: string[] = [];
-  let current = true;
-  const toggle = createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler({
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => current,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => {
-      current = visible;
-      calls.push(`set:${visible}`);
-    },
-  });
-
-  toggle();
-  toggle();
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['set:false', 'set:true']);
-});
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.ts
index a43cd15..67f1637 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-actions.ts
@@ -3,52 +3,15 @@ export function createSetVisibleOverlayVisibleHandler(deps: {
     visible: boolean;
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
     updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-    shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => boolean;
-    isMpvConnected: () => boolean;
-    setMpvSubVisibility: (visible: boolean) => void;
   }) => void;
   setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
   updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-  shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => boolean;
-  isMpvConnected: () => boolean;
-  setMpvSubVisibility: (visible: boolean) => void;
 }) {
   return (visible: boolean): void => {
     deps.setVisibleOverlayVisibleCore({
       visible,
       setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: deps.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState,
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility,
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
-      syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: deps.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough,
-      shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility:
-        deps.shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility,
-      isMpvConnected: deps.isMpvConnected,
-      setMpvSubVisibility: deps.setMpvSubVisibility,
-    });
-  };
-}
-
-export function createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler(deps: {
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore: (options: {
-    visible: boolean;
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
-    updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-    syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-  }) => void;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (visible: boolean) => void;
-  updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => void;
-  syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => void;
-}) {
-  return (visible: boolean): void => {
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore({
-      visible,
-      setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState,
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: deps.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility,
-      syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: deps.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough,
     });
   };
 }
@@ -61,12 +24,3 @@ export function createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler(deps: {
     deps.setVisibleOverlayVisible(!deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible());
   };
 }
-
-export function createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler(deps: {
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
-}) {
-  return (): void => {
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(!deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible());
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
index 37041ec..ba4a823 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -8,14 +8,11 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
   const calls: string[] = [];
   let trackerNotReadyWarningShown = false;
   const mainWindow = { id: 'main' } as never;
-  const invisibleWindow = { id: 'invisible' } as never;
   const tracker = { id: 'tracker' } as unknown as BaseWindowTracker;
 
   const deps = createBuildOverlayVisibilityRuntimeMainDepsHandler({
     getMainWindow: () => mainWindow,
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => invisibleWindow,
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     getWindowTracker: () => tracker,
     getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => trackerNotReadyWarningShown,
     setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown) => {
@@ -23,30 +20,35 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime main deps builder maps state and geometry callb
       calls.push(`tracker-warning:${shown}`);
     },
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('visible-bounds'),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: () => calls.push('invisible-bounds'),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => calls.push('ensure-level'),
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer) => calls.push(`primary-layer:${layer}`),
     enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => calls.push('enforce-order'),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => calls.push('sync-shortcuts'),
+    isMacOSPlatform: () => true,
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: () => calls.push('overlay-loading-osd'),
+    resolveFallbackBounds: () => ({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 20, height: 20 }),
   })();
 
   assert.equal(deps.getMainWindow(), mainWindow);
-  assert.equal(deps.getInvisibleWindow(), invisibleWindow);
   assert.equal(deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  assert.equal(deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   assert.equal(deps.getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(), false);
   deps.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(true);
   deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
-  deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 });
   deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(mainWindow);
+  deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer('visible');
   deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder();
   deps.syncOverlayShortcuts();
+  assert.equal(deps.isMacOSPlatform(), true);
+  deps.showOverlayLoadingOsd('Overlay loading...');
+  assert.deepEqual(deps.resolveFallbackBounds(), { x: 0, y: 0, width: 20, height: 20 });
   assert.equal(trackerNotReadyWarningShown, true);
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
     'tracker-warning:true',
     'visible-bounds',
-    'invisible-bounds',
     'ensure-level',
+    'primary-layer:visible',
     'enforce-order',
     'sync-shortcuts',
+    'overlay-loading-osd',
   ]);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts
index 466ebe3..85c996d 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime-main-deps.ts
@@ -7,18 +7,19 @@ export function createBuildOverlayVisibilityRuntimeMainDepsHandler(
 ) {
   return (): OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps => ({
     getMainWindow: () => deps.getMainWindow(),
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => deps.getInvisibleWindow(),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
     getWindowTracker: () => deps.getWindowTracker(),
     getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: () => deps.getTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(),
     setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown: (shown: boolean) => deps.setTrackerNotReadyWarningShown(shown),
     updateVisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
       deps.updateVisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
-    updateInvisibleOverlayBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) =>
-      deps.updateInvisibleOverlayBounds(geometry),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: BrowserWindow) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
+    syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer: (layer: 'visible') =>
+      deps.syncPrimaryOverlayWindowLayer(layer),
     enforceOverlayLayerOrder: () => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrder(),
     syncOverlayShortcuts: () => deps.syncOverlayShortcuts(),
+    isMacOSPlatform: () => deps.isMacOSPlatform(),
+    showOverlayLoadingOsd: (message: string) => deps.showOverlayLoadingOsd(message),
+    resolveFallbackBounds: () => deps.resolveFallbackBounds(),
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.test.ts
index de65798..1b7b3b5 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.test.ts
@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@ import { createOverlayVisibilityRuntime } from './overlay-visibility-runtime';
 
 test('overlay visibility runtime wires set/toggle handlers through composed deps', () => {
   let visible = false;
-  let invisible = true;
   let setVisibleCoreCalls = 0;
-  let setInvisibleCoreCalls = 0;
-  let lastBoundSubVisibility: boolean | null = null;
 
   const runtime = createOverlayVisibilityRuntime({
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleDeps: {
@@ -15,44 +12,17 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime wires set/toggle handlers through composed deps
         setVisibleCoreCalls += 1;
         options.setVisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
         options.updateVisibleOverlayVisibility();
-        options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-        options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-        if (options.shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility() && options.isMpvConnected()) {
-          options.setMpvSubVisibility(options.visible);
-        }
       },
       setVisibleOverlayVisibleState: (nextVisible) => {
         visible = nextVisible;
       },
       updateVisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-      syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => {},
-      shouldBindVisibleOverlayToMpvSubVisibility: () => true,
-      isMpvConnected: () => true,
-      setMpvSubVisibility: (nextVisible) => {
-        lastBoundSubVisibility = nextVisible;
-      },
-    },
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleDeps: {
-      setInvisibleOverlayVisibleCore: (options) => {
-        setInvisibleCoreCalls += 1;
-        options.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState(options.visible);
-        options.updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility();
-        options.syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough();
-      },
-      setInvisibleOverlayVisibleState: (nextVisible) => {
-        invisible = nextVisible;
-      },
-      updateInvisibleOverlayVisibility: () => {},
-      syncInvisibleOverlayMousePassthrough: () => {},
     },
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => visible,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => invisible,
   });
 
   runtime.setVisibleOverlayVisible(true);
   assert.equal(visible, true);
-  assert.equal(lastBoundSubVisibility, true);
 
   runtime.toggleVisibleOverlay();
   assert.equal(visible, false);
@@ -63,12 +33,5 @@ test('overlay visibility runtime wires set/toggle handlers through composed deps
   runtime.toggleOverlay();
   assert.equal(visible, false);
 
-  runtime.setInvisibleOverlayVisible(false);
-  assert.equal(invisible, false);
-
-  runtime.toggleInvisibleOverlay();
-  assert.equal(invisible, true);
-
   assert.equal(setVisibleCoreCalls, 4);
-  assert.equal(setInvisibleCoreCalls, 2);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
index 9a6db26..87e78b5 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-visibility-runtime.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 import {
-  createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
   createSetVisibleOverlayVisibleHandler,
-  createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler,
   createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler,
 } from './overlay-visibility-actions';
 import {
-  createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildSetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler,
-  createBuildToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildToggleVisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler,
 } from './overlay-visibility-actions-main-deps';
 import { createSetOverlayVisibleHandler, createToggleOverlayHandler } from './overlay-main-actions';
@@ -19,15 +15,10 @@ import {
 type SetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps = Parameters<
   typeof createBuildSetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler
 >[0];
-type SetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps = Parameters<
-  typeof createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler
->[0];
 
 export type OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps = {
   setVisibleOverlayVisibleDeps: SetVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps;
-  setInvisibleOverlayVisibleDeps: SetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps;
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
 };
 
 export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntime(deps: OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDeps) {
@@ -38,25 +29,12 @@ export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntime(deps: OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDep
     setVisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps,
   );
 
-  const setInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps = createBuildSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler(
-    deps.setInvisibleOverlayVisibleDeps,
-  )();
-  const setInvisibleOverlayVisible = createSetInvisibleOverlayVisibleHandler(
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisibleMainDeps,
-  );
-
   const toggleVisibleOverlayMainDeps = createBuildToggleVisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler({
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible,
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => setVisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
   })();
   const toggleVisibleOverlay = createToggleVisibleOverlayHandler(toggleVisibleOverlayMainDeps);
 
-  const toggleInvisibleOverlayMainDeps = createBuildToggleInvisibleOverlayMainDepsHandler({
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => setInvisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
-  })();
-  const toggleInvisibleOverlay = createToggleInvisibleOverlayHandler(toggleInvisibleOverlayMainDeps);
-
   const setOverlayVisibleMainDeps = createBuildSetOverlayVisibleMainDepsHandler({
     setVisibleOverlayVisible: (visible) => setVisibleOverlayVisible(visible),
   })();
@@ -69,9 +47,7 @@ export function createOverlayVisibilityRuntime(deps: OverlayVisibilityRuntimeDep
 
   return {
     setVisibleOverlayVisible,
-    setInvisibleOverlayVisible,
     toggleVisibleOverlay,
-    toggleInvisibleOverlay,
     setOverlayVisible,
     toggleOverlay,
   };
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.test.ts
index 4ced712..3b38dac 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import test from 'node:test';
 import {
   createBuildEnforceOverlayLayerOrderMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildEnsureOverlayWindowLevelMainDepsHandler,
-  createBuildUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler,
   createBuildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler,
 } from './overlay-window-layout-main-deps';
 
@@ -11,14 +10,9 @@ test('overlay window layout main deps builders map callbacks', () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
 
   const visible = createBuildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer) => calls.push(`visible:${layer}`),
+    setOverlayWindowBounds: () => calls.push('visible'),
   })();
-  visible.setOverlayWindowBounds('visible', { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1 });
-
-  const invisible = createBuildUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer) => calls.push(`invisible:${layer}`),
-  })();
-  invisible.setOverlayWindowBounds('invisible', { x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1 });
+  visible.setOverlayWindowBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 1, height: 1 });
 
   const level = createBuildEnsureOverlayWindowLevelMainDepsHandler({
     ensureOverlayWindowLevelCore: () => calls.push('ensure'),
@@ -28,27 +22,20 @@ test('overlay window layout main deps builders map callbacks', () => {
   const order = createBuildEnforceOverlayLayerOrderMainDepsHandler({
     enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore: () => calls.push('order'),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     getMainWindow: () => ({ kind: 'main' }),
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => ({ kind: 'invisible' }),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => calls.push('order-level'),
   })();
   order.enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore({
     visibleOverlayVisible: true,
-    invisibleOverlayVisible: false,
     mainWindow: null,
-    invisibleWindow: null,
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => {},
   });
   assert.equal(order.getVisibleOverlayVisible(), true);
-  assert.equal(order.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(), false);
   assert.deepEqual(order.getMainWindow(), { kind: 'main' });
-  assert.deepEqual(order.getInvisibleWindow(), { kind: 'invisible' });
   order.ensureOverlayWindowLevel({});
 
   assert.deepEqual(calls, [
-    'visible:visible',
-    'invisible:invisible',
+    'visible',
     'ensure',
     'order',
     'order-level',
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts
index 317cacd..fba3348 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout-main-deps.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import type {
   createEnforceOverlayLayerOrderHandler,
   createEnsureOverlayWindowLevelHandler,
-  createUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsHandler,
   createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler,
 } from './overlay-window-layout';
 
 type UpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler>[0];
-type UpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsHandler>[0];
 type EnsureOverlayWindowLevelMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createEnsureOverlayWindowLevelHandler>[0];
 type EnforceOverlayLayerOrderMainDeps = Parameters<typeof createEnforceOverlayLayerOrderHandler>[0];
 
@@ -14,15 +12,7 @@ export function createBuildUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler(
   deps: UpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps,
 ) {
   return (): UpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps => ({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer, geometry) => deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(layer, geometry),
-  });
-}
-
-export function createBuildUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDepsHandler(
-  deps: UpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps,
-) {
-  return (): UpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsMainDeps => ({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer, geometry) => deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(layer, geometry),
+    setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry) => deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(geometry),
   });
 }
 
@@ -40,9 +30,7 @@ export function createBuildEnforceOverlayLayerOrderMainDepsHandler(
   return (): EnforceOverlayLayerOrderMainDeps => ({
     enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore: (params) => deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore(params),
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
     getMainWindow: () => deps.getMainWindow(),
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => deps.getInvisibleWindow(),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: unknown) => deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel(window),
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts
index 8eeab17..b1c281f 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.test.ts
@@ -3,26 +3,17 @@ import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import {
   createEnforceOverlayLayerOrderHandler,
   createEnsureOverlayWindowLevelHandler,
-  createUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsHandler,
   createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler,
 } from './overlay-window-layout';
 
 test('visible bounds handler writes visible layer geometry', () => {
-  const calls: string[] = [];
+  const calls: Array<{ x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number }> = [];
   const handleVisible = createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer) => calls.push(layer),
+    setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry) => calls.push(geometry),
   });
-  handleVisible({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50 });
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['visible']);
-});
-
-test('invisible bounds handler writes invisible layer geometry', () => {
-  const calls: string[] = [];
-  const handleInvisible = createUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsHandler({
-    setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer) => calls.push(layer),
-  });
-  handleInvisible({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50 });
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['invisible']);
+  const geometry = { x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50 };
+  handleVisible(geometry);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [geometry]);
 });
 
 test('ensure overlay window level handler delegates to core', () => {
@@ -39,15 +30,12 @@ test('enforce overlay layer order handler forwards resolved state', () => {
   const enforce = createEnforceOverlayLayerOrderHandler({
     enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore: (params) => {
       calls.push(params.visibleOverlayVisible ? 'visible-on' : 'visible-off');
-      calls.push(params.invisibleOverlayVisible ? 'invisible-on' : 'invisible-off');
       params.ensureOverlayWindowLevel({});
     },
     getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => true,
-    getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => false,
     getMainWindow: () => ({}),
-    getInvisibleWindow: () => ({}),
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: () => calls.push('ensure-level'),
   });
   enforce();
-  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['visible-on', 'invisible-off', 'ensure-level']);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ['visible-on', 'ensure-level']);
 });
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts
index 4d62f44..f14da48 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/overlay-window-layout.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,10 @@
 import type { WindowGeometry } from '../../types';
 
 export function createUpdateVisibleOverlayBoundsHandler(deps: {
-  setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer: 'visible' | 'invisible', geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
+  setOverlayWindowBounds: (geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
 }) {
   return (geometry: WindowGeometry): void => {
-    deps.setOverlayWindowBounds('visible', geometry);
-  };
-}
-
-export function createUpdateInvisibleOverlayBoundsHandler(deps: {
-  setOverlayWindowBounds: (layer: 'visible' | 'invisible', geometry: WindowGeometry) => void;
-}) {
-  return (geometry: WindowGeometry): void => {
-    deps.setOverlayWindowBounds('invisible', geometry);
+    deps.setOverlayWindowBounds(geometry);
   };
 }
 
@@ -27,23 +19,17 @@ export function createEnsureOverlayWindowLevelHandler(deps: {
 export function createEnforceOverlayLayerOrderHandler(deps: {
   enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore: (params: {
     visibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
-    invisibleOverlayVisible: boolean;
     mainWindow: unknown;
-    invisibleWindow: unknown;
     ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: unknown) => void;
   }) => void;
   getVisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
-  getInvisibleOverlayVisible: () => boolean;
   getMainWindow: () => unknown;
-  getInvisibleWindow: () => unknown;
   ensureOverlayWindowLevel: (window: unknown) => void;
 }) {
   return (): void => {
     deps.enforceOverlayLayerOrderCore({
       visibleOverlayVisible: deps.getVisibleOverlayVisible(),
-      invisibleOverlayVisible: deps.getInvisibleOverlayVisible(),
       mainWindow: deps.getMainWindow(),
-      invisibleWindow: deps.getInvisibleWindow(),
       ensureOverlayWindowLevel: deps.ensureOverlayWindowLevel,
     });
   };
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts b/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
index 8b53c16..d3fdca2 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.test.ts
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ test('config derived runtime main deps builder maps callbacks', () => {
   const deps = createBuildConfigDerivedRuntimeMainDepsHandler({
     getResolvedConfig: () => ({ jimaku: {} } as never),
     getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => null,
-    platform: 'darwin',
     defaultJimakuLanguagePreference: 'ja',
     defaultJimakuMaxEntryResults: 20,
     defaultJimakuApiBaseUrl: 'https://api.example.com',
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ test('config derived runtime main deps builder maps callbacks', () => {
 
   assert.deepEqual(deps.getResolvedConfig(), { jimaku: {} });
   assert.equal(deps.getRuntimeOptionsManager(), null);
-  assert.equal(deps.platform, 'darwin');
   assert.equal(deps.defaultJimakuLanguagePreference, 'ja');
   assert.equal(deps.defaultJimakuMaxEntryResults, 20);
   assert.equal(deps.defaultJimakuApiBaseUrl, 'https://api.example.com');
diff --git a/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.ts b/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
index 015f55f..6fe7600 100644
--- a/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
+++ b/src/main/runtime/runtime-bootstrap-main-deps.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ export function createBuildConfigDerivedRuntimeMainDepsHandler(deps: ConfigDeriv
   return (): ConfigDerivedRuntimeDeps => ({
     getResolvedConfig: () => deps.getResolvedConfig(),
     getRuntimeOptionsManager: () => deps.getRuntimeOptionsManager(),
-    platform: deps.platform,
     defaultJimakuLanguagePreference: deps.defaultJimakuLanguagePreference,
     defaultJimakuMaxEntryResults: deps.defaultJimakuMaxEntryResults,
     defaultJimakuApiBaseUrl: deps.defaultJimakuApiBaseUrl,
diff --git a/src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts b/src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts
index c177222..7598aa0 100644
--- a/src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { Keybinding } from '../../types';
 import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
+import { hasYomitanPopupIframe, isYomitanPopupIframe } from '../yomitan-popup.js';
 
 export function createKeyboardHandlers(
   ctx: RendererContext,
@@ -14,11 +15,6 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
       fallbackUsed: boolean;
       fallbackUnavailable: boolean;
     }) => void;
-    saveInvisiblePositionEdit: () => void;
-    cancelInvisiblePositionEdit: () => void;
-    setInvisiblePositionEditMode: (enabled: boolean) => void;
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition: () => void;
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud: () => void;
     appendClipboardVideoToQueue: () => void;
   },
 ) {
@@ -32,9 +28,6 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     ['KeyS', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-start'] }],
     ['Shift+KeyS', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-stop'] }],
     ['KeyT', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-toggle'] }],
-    ['KeyI', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-toggle-invisible'] }],
-    ['Shift+KeyI', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-show-invisible'] }],
-    ['KeyU', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-hide-invisible'] }],
     ['KeyO', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-options'] }],
     ['KeyR', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-restart'] }],
     ['KeyC', { type: 'mpv', command: ['script-message', 'subminer-status'] }],
@@ -46,10 +39,9 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     if (!(target instanceof Element)) return false;
     if (target.closest('.modal')) return true;
     if (ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.contains(target)) return true;
-    if (target.tagName === 'IFRAME' && target.id?.startsWith('yomitan-popup')) {
+    if (isYomitanPopupIframe(target)) return true;
+    if (target.closest && target.closest('iframe.yomitan-popup, iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]'))
       return true;
-    }
-    if (target.closest && target.closest('iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]')) return true;
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -63,15 +55,6 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     return parts.join('+');
   }
 
-  function isInvisiblePositionToggleShortcut(e: KeyboardEvent): boolean {
-    return (
-      e.code === ctx.platform.invisiblePositionEditToggleCode &&
-      !e.altKey &&
-      e.shiftKey &&
-      (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey)
-    );
-  }
-
   function resolveSessionHelpChordBinding(): {
     bindingKey: 'KeyH' | 'KeyK';
     fallbackUsed: boolean;
@@ -113,69 +96,6 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     });
   }
 
-  function handleInvisiblePositionEditKeydown(e: KeyboardEvent): boolean {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return false;
-
-    if (isInvisiblePositionToggleShortcut(e)) {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      if (ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditMode) {
-        options.cancelInvisiblePositionEdit();
-      } else {
-        options.setInvisiblePositionEditMode(true);
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    if (!ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditMode) return false;
-
-    const step = e.shiftKey
-      ? ctx.platform.invisiblePositionStepFastPx
-      : ctx.platform.invisiblePositionStepPx;
-
-    if (e.key === 'Escape') {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      options.cancelInvisiblePositionEdit();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    if (e.key === 'Enter' || ((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && e.code === 'KeyS')) {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      options.saveInvisiblePositionEdit();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    if (
-      e.key === 'ArrowUp' ||
-      e.key === 'ArrowDown' ||
-      e.key === 'ArrowLeft' ||
-      e.key === 'ArrowRight' ||
-      e.key === 'h' ||
-      e.key === 'j' ||
-      e.key === 'k' ||
-      e.key === 'l' ||
-      e.key === 'H' ||
-      e.key === 'J' ||
-      e.key === 'K' ||
-      e.key === 'L'
-    ) {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      if (e.key === 'ArrowUp' || e.key === 'k' || e.key === 'K') {
-        ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx += step;
-      } else if (e.key === 'ArrowDown' || e.key === 'j' || e.key === 'J') {
-        ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx -= step;
-      } else if (e.key === 'ArrowLeft' || e.key === 'h' || e.key === 'H') {
-        ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx -= step;
-      } else if (e.key === 'ArrowRight' || e.key === 'l' || e.key === 'L') {
-        ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx += step;
-      }
-      options.applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition();
-      options.updateInvisiblePositionEditHud();
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-  }
-
   function resetChord(): void {
     ctx.state.chordPending = false;
     if (ctx.state.chordTimeout !== null) {
@@ -188,9 +108,7 @@ export function createKeyboardHandlers(
     updateKeybindings(await window.electronAPI.getKeybindings());
 
     document.addEventListener('keydown', (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
-      const yomitanPopup = document.querySelector('iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]');
-      if (yomitanPopup) return;
-      if (handleInvisiblePositionEditKeydown(e)) return;
+      if (hasYomitanPopupIframe(document)) return;
 
       if (ctx.state.runtimeOptionsModalOpen) {
         options.handleRuntimeOptionsKeydown(e);
diff --git a/src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts b/src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts
index e5da966..5e94dc9 100644
--- a/src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/handlers/mouse.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,50 @@
 import type { ModalStateReader, RendererContext } from '../context';
+import {
+  YOMITAN_POPUP_HIDDEN_EVENT,
+  YOMITAN_POPUP_SHOWN_EVENT,
+  hasYomitanPopupIframe,
+  isYomitanPopupIframe,
+} from '../yomitan-popup.js';
 
 export function createMouseHandlers(
   ctx: RendererContext,
   options: {
     modalStateReader: ModalStateReader;
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleLayoutFromMpvMetrics: (metrics: any, source: string) => void;
     applyYPercent: (yPercent: number) => void;
     getCurrentYPercent: () => number;
     persistSubtitlePositionPatch: (patch: { yPercent: number }) => void;
-    reportHoveredTokenIndex: (tokenIndex: number | null) => void;
   },
 ) {
-  const wordSegmenter =
-    typeof Intl !== 'undefined' && 'Segmenter' in Intl
-      ? new Intl.Segmenter(undefined, { granularity: 'word' })
-      : null;
+  let yomitanPopupVisible = false;
+
+  function enablePopupInteraction(): void {
+    yomitanPopupVisible = true;
+    ctx.dom.overlay.classList.add('interactive');
+    if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
+      window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
+    }
+    if (ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform) {
+      window.focus();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function disablePopupInteractionIfIdle(): void {
+    if (hasYomitanPopupIframe(document)) {
+      yomitanPopupVisible = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    yomitanPopupVisible = false;
+    if (
+      !ctx.state.isOverSubtitle &&
+      !options.modalStateReader.isAnyModalOpen()
+    ) {
+      ctx.dom.overlay.classList.remove('interactive');
+      if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
+        window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
   function handleMouseEnter(): void {
     ctx.state.isOverSubtitle = true;
@@ -26,17 +56,8 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
 
   function handleMouseLeave(): void {
     ctx.state.isOverSubtitle = false;
-    const yomitanPopup = document.querySelector('iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]');
-    if (
-      !yomitanPopup &&
-      !options.modalStateReader.isAnyModalOpen() &&
-      !ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditMode
-    ) {
-      ctx.dom.overlay.classList.remove('interactive');
-      if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-        window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
-      }
-    }
+    if (yomitanPopupVisible) return;
+    disablePopupInteractionIfIdle();
   }
 
   function setupDragging(): void {
@@ -75,238 +96,8 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     });
   }
 
-  function getCaretTextPointRange(clientX: number, clientY: number): Range | null {
-    const documentWithCaretApi = document as Document & {
-      caretRangeFromPoint?: (x: number, y: number) => Range | null;
-      caretPositionFromPoint?: (
-        x: number,
-        y: number,
-      ) => { offsetNode: Node; offset: number } | null;
-    };
-
-    if (typeof documentWithCaretApi.caretRangeFromPoint === 'function') {
-      return documentWithCaretApi.caretRangeFromPoint(clientX, clientY);
-    }
-
-    if (typeof documentWithCaretApi.caretPositionFromPoint === 'function') {
-      const caretPosition = documentWithCaretApi.caretPositionFromPoint(clientX, clientY);
-      if (!caretPosition) return null;
-      const range = document.createRange();
-      range.setStart(caretPosition.offsetNode, caretPosition.offset);
-      range.collapse(true);
-      return range;
-    }
-
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  function getTextOffsetWithinSubtitleRoot(targetNode: Text, targetOffset: number): number | null {
-    const clampedTargetOffset = Math.max(0, Math.min(targetOffset, targetNode.data.length));
-    const walker = document.createTreeWalker(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot, NodeFilter.SHOW_ALL);
-    let totalOffset = 0;
-
-    let node: Node | null = walker.currentNode;
-    while (node) {
-      if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
-        const textNode = node as Text;
-        if (textNode === targetNode) {
-          return totalOffset + clampedTargetOffset;
-        }
-        totalOffset += textNode.data.length;
-      } else if (
-        node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE &&
-        (node as Element).tagName.toUpperCase() === 'BR'
-      ) {
-        totalOffset += 1;
-      }
-      node = walker.nextNode();
-    }
-
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  function resolveHoveredInvisibleTokenIndex(event: MouseEvent): number | null {
-    if (!(event.target instanceof Node)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (!ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.contains(event.target)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (ctx.state.invisibleTokenHoverRanges.length === 0) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    const caretRange = getCaretTextPointRange(event.clientX, event.clientY);
-    if (!caretRange) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (caretRange.startContainer.nodeType !== Node.TEXT_NODE) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (!ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.contains(caretRange.startContainer)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    const textOffset = getTextOffsetWithinSubtitleRoot(
-      caretRange.startContainer as Text,
-      caretRange.startOffset,
-    );
-    if (textOffset === null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-
-    for (const range of ctx.state.invisibleTokenHoverRanges) {
-      if (textOffset >= range.start && textOffset < range.end) {
-        return range.tokenIndex;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  function getWordBoundsAtOffset(
-    text: string,
-    offset: number,
-  ): { start: number; end: number } | null {
-    if (!text || text.length === 0) return null;
-
-    const clampedOffset = Math.max(0, Math.min(offset, text.length));
-    const probeIndex = clampedOffset >= text.length ? Math.max(0, text.length - 1) : clampedOffset;
-
-    if (wordSegmenter) {
-      for (const part of wordSegmenter.segment(text)) {
-        const start = part.index;
-        const end = start + part.segment.length;
-        if (probeIndex >= start && probeIndex < end) {
-          if (part.isWordLike === false) return null;
-          return { start, end };
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    const isBoundary = (char: string): boolean =>
-      /[\s\u3000.,!?;:()[\]{}"'`~<>/\\|@#$%^&*+=\-、。・「」『』【】〈〉《》]/.test(char);
-
-    const probeChar = text[probeIndex];
-    if (!probeChar || isBoundary(probeChar)) return null;
-
-    let start = probeIndex;
-    while (start > 0 && !isBoundary(text[start - 1] ?? '')) {
-      start -= 1;
-    }
-
-    let end = probeIndex + 1;
-    while (end < text.length && !isBoundary(text[end] ?? '')) {
-      end += 1;
-    }
-
-    if (end <= start) return null;
-    return { start, end };
-  }
-
-  function updateHoverWordSelection(event: MouseEvent): void {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer || !ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform) return;
-    if (event.buttons !== 0) return;
-    if (!(event.target instanceof Node)) return;
-    if (!ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.contains(event.target)) return;
-
-    const caretRange = getCaretTextPointRange(event.clientX, event.clientY);
-    if (!caretRange) return;
-    if (caretRange.startContainer.nodeType !== Node.TEXT_NODE) return;
-    if (!ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.contains(caretRange.startContainer)) return;
-
-    const textNode = caretRange.startContainer as Text;
-    const wordBounds = getWordBoundsAtOffset(textNode.data, caretRange.startOffset);
-    if (!wordBounds) return;
-
-    const selectionKey = `${wordBounds.start}:${wordBounds.end}:${textNode.data.slice(
-      wordBounds.start,
-      wordBounds.end,
-    )}`;
-    if (
-      selectionKey === ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionKey &&
-      textNode === ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionNode
-    ) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const selection = window.getSelection();
-    if (!selection) return;
-
-    const range = document.createRange();
-    range.setStart(textNode, wordBounds.start);
-    range.setEnd(textNode, wordBounds.end);
-
-    selection.removeAllRanges();
-    selection.addRange(range);
-    ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionKey = selectionKey;
-    ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionNode = textNode;
-  }
-
-  function setupInvisibleHoverSelection(): void {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer || !ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform) return;
-
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.addEventListener('mousemove', (event: MouseEvent) => {
-      updateHoverWordSelection(event);
-    });
-
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
-      ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionKey = '';
-      ctx.state.lastHoverSelectionNode = null;
-    });
-  }
-
-  function setupInvisibleTokenHoverReporter(): void {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
-
-    let pendingNullHoverTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
-    const clearPendingNullHoverTimer = (): void => {
-      if (pendingNullHoverTimer !== null) {
-        clearTimeout(pendingNullHoverTimer);
-        pendingNullHoverTimer = null;
-      }
-    };
-
-    const reportHoveredToken = (tokenIndex: number | null): void => {
-      if (ctx.state.lastHoveredTokenIndex === tokenIndex) return;
-      ctx.state.lastHoveredTokenIndex = tokenIndex;
-      options.reportHoveredTokenIndex(tokenIndex);
-    };
-
-    const queueNullHoveredToken = (): void => {
-      if (pendingNullHoverTimer !== null) return;
-      pendingNullHoverTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-        pendingNullHoverTimer = null;
-        reportHoveredToken(null);
-      }, 120);
-    };
-
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.addEventListener('mousemove', (event: MouseEvent) => {
-      const tokenIndex = resolveHoveredInvisibleTokenIndex(event);
-      if (tokenIndex === null) {
-        queueNullHoveredToken();
-        return;
-      }
-      clearPendingNullHoverTimer();
-      reportHoveredToken(tokenIndex);
-    });
-
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
-      clearPendingNullHoverTimer();
-      reportHoveredToken(null);
-    });
-  }
-
   function setupResizeHandler(): void {
     window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
-      if (ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) {
-        if (!ctx.state.mpvSubtitleRenderMetrics) return;
-        options.applyInvisibleSubtitleLayoutFromMpvMetrics(
-          ctx.state.mpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-          'resize',
-        );
-        return;
-      }
       options.applyYPercent(options.getCurrentYPercent());
     });
   }
@@ -325,39 +116,31 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
   }
 
   function setupYomitanObserver(): void {
+    yomitanPopupVisible = hasYomitanPopupIframe(document);
+
+    window.addEventListener(YOMITAN_POPUP_SHOWN_EVENT, () => {
+      enablePopupInteraction();
+    });
+
+    window.addEventListener(YOMITAN_POPUP_HIDDEN_EVENT, () => {
+      disablePopupInteractionIfIdle();
+    });
+
     const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations: MutationRecord[]) => {
       for (const mutation of mutations) {
         mutation.addedNodes.forEach((node) => {
           if (node.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) return;
           const element = node as Element;
-          if (
-            element.tagName === 'IFRAME' &&
-            element.id &&
-            element.id.startsWith('yomitan-popup')
-          ) {
-            ctx.dom.overlay.classList.add('interactive');
-            if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-              window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
-            }
+          if (isYomitanPopupIframe(element)) {
+            enablePopupInteraction();
           }
         });
 
         mutation.removedNodes.forEach((node) => {
           if (node.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE) return;
           const element = node as Element;
-          if (
-            element.tagName === 'IFRAME' &&
-            element.id &&
-            element.id.startsWith('yomitan-popup')
-          ) {
-            if (!ctx.state.isOverSubtitle && !options.modalStateReader.isAnyModalOpen()) {
-              ctx.dom.overlay.classList.remove('interactive');
-              if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-                window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, {
-                  forward: true,
-                });
-              }
-            }
+          if (isYomitanPopupIframe(element)) {
+            disablePopupInteractionIfIdle();
           }
         });
       }
@@ -373,8 +156,6 @@ export function createMouseHandlers(
     handleMouseEnter,
     handleMouseLeave,
     setupDragging,
-    setupInvisibleHoverSelection,
-    setupInvisibleTokenHoverReporter,
     setupResizeHandler,
     setupSelectionObserver,
     setupYomitanObserver,
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/jimaku.ts b/src/renderer/modals/jimaku.ts
index f105eed..de7e440 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/jimaku.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/jimaku.ts
@@ -251,7 +251,6 @@ export function createJimakuModal(
   }
 
   function openJimakuModal(): void {
-    if (ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
     if (ctx.state.jimakuModalOpen) return;
 
     ctx.state.jimakuModalOpen = true;
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/kiku.ts b/src/renderer/modals/kiku.ts
index c8482a7..53915fc 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/kiku.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/kiku.ts
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ export function createKikuModal(
     original: KikuDuplicateCardInfo;
     duplicate: KikuDuplicateCardInfo;
   }): void {
-    if (ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
     if (ctx.state.kikuModalOpen) return;
 
     ctx.state.kikuModalOpen = true;
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/runtime-options.ts b/src/renderer/modals/runtime-options.ts
index b069674..7162797 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/runtime-options.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/runtime-options.ts
@@ -162,8 +162,6 @@ export function createRuntimeOptionsModal(
   }
 
   async function openRuntimeOptionsModal(): Promise<void> {
-    if (ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
-
     const optionsList = await window.electronAPI.getRuntimeOptions();
     updateRuntimeOptions(optionsList);
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/session-help.ts b/src/renderer/modals/session-help.ts
index 3df690a..1619a1c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/session-help.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/session-help.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ const OVERLAY_SHORTCUTS: Array<{
   { key: 'openRuntimeOptions', label: 'Open runtime options' },
   { key: 'openJimaku', label: 'Open jimaku' },
   { key: 'toggleVisibleOverlayGlobal', label: 'Show/hide visible overlay' },
-  { key: 'toggleInvisibleOverlayGlobal', label: 'Show/hide invisible overlay' },
 ];
 
 function buildOverlayShortcutSections(shortcuts: RuntimeShortcutConfig): SessionHelpSection[] {
diff --git a/src/renderer/modals/subsync.ts b/src/renderer/modals/subsync.ts
index 4aeb225..acefa2e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/modals/subsync.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/modals/subsync.ts
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ export function createSubsyncModal(
   }
 
   function openSubsyncModal(payload: SubsyncManualPayload): void {
-    if (ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
-
     ctx.state.subsyncSubmitting = false;
     ctx.dom.subsyncRunButton.disabled = false;
     ctx.state.subsyncSourceTracks = payload.sourceTracks;
diff --git a/src/renderer/overlay-content-measurement.ts b/src/renderer/overlay-content-measurement.ts
index 086b309..1c83f2a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/overlay-content-measurement.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/overlay-content-measurement.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import type { RendererContext } from './context';
 
 const MEASUREMENT_DEBOUNCE_MS = 80;
 
-function isMeasurableOverlayLayer(layer: string): layer is 'visible' | 'invisible' {
-  return layer === 'visible' || layer === 'invisible';
+function isMeasurableOverlayLayer(layer: string): layer is 'visible' {
+  return layer === 'visible';
 }
 
 function round2(value: number): number {
diff --git a/src/renderer/overlay-legacy-cleanup.test.ts b/src/renderer/overlay-legacy-cleanup.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4863d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/overlay-legacy-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+
+function readWorkspaceFile(relativePath: string): string {
+  return fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), relativePath), 'utf8');
+}
+
+test('keyboard chord map no longer emits legacy invisible overlay script messages', () => {
+  const keyboardSource = readWorkspaceFile('src/renderer/handlers/keyboard.ts');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(keyboardSource, /subminer-toggle-invisible/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(keyboardSource, /subminer-show-invisible/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(keyboardSource, /subminer-hide-invisible/);
+});
+
+test('overlay layer contracts no longer advertise invisible renderer layer', () => {
+  const typesSource = readWorkspaceFile('src/types.ts');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(typesSource, /export type OverlayLayer = 'visible' \| 'invisible'/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    typesSource,
+    /getOverlayLayer:\s*\(\)\s*=>\s*'visible'\s*\|\s*'invisible'\s*\|\s*'modal'\s*\|\s*null/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('renderer stylesheet no longer contains invisible-layer selectors', () => {
+  const cssSource = readWorkspaceFile('src/renderer/style.css');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(cssSource, /body\.layer-invisible/);
+});
+
+test('top-level docs avoid stale overlay-layers wording', () => {
+  const docsReadmeSource = readWorkspaceFile('docs/README.md');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(docsReadmeSource, /overlay layers/i);
+});
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/controller.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/controller.ts
index 13dc015..7a0f844 100644
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/controller.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/positioning/controller.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,11 @@
-import type { ModalStateReader, RendererContext } from '../context';
+import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
 import {
   createInMemorySubtitlePositionController,
-  type SubtitlePositionController,
+  type SubtitlePositionController
 } from './position-state.js';
-import {
-  createInvisibleOffsetController,
-  type InvisibleOffsetController,
-} from './invisible-offset.js';
-import {
-  createMpvSubtitleLayoutController,
-  type MpvSubtitleLayoutController,
-} from './invisible-layout.js';
-
-type PositioningControllerOptions = {
-  modalStateReader: Pick<ModalStateReader, 'isAnySettingsModalOpen'>;
-  applySubtitleFontSize: (fontSize: number) => void;
-};
 
 export function createPositioningController(
   ctx: RendererContext,
-  options: PositioningControllerOptions,
-) {
-  const visible = createInMemorySubtitlePositionController(ctx);
-  const invisibleOffset = createInvisibleOffsetController(ctx, options.modalStateReader);
-  const invisibleLayout = createMpvSubtitleLayoutController(ctx, options.applySubtitleFontSize, {
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition: invisibleOffset.applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition,
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud: invisibleOffset.updateInvisiblePositionEditHud,
-  });
-
-  return {
-    ...visible,
-    ...invisibleOffset,
-    ...invisibleLayout,
-  } as SubtitlePositionController & InvisibleOffsetController & MpvSubtitleLayoutController;
+): SubtitlePositionController {
+  return createInMemorySubtitlePositionController(ctx);
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.test.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e9a60d8..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-import test from 'node:test';
-import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
-
-import type { MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics } from '../../types';
-import {
-  applyTypography,
-  applyVerticalPosition,
-  resolveBaselineCompensationPx,
-} from './invisible-layout-helpers.js';
-
-const METRICS: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics = {
-  subPos: 100,
-  subFontSize: 38,
-  subScale: 1,
-  subMarginY: 34,
-  subMarginX: 19,
-  subFont: 'sans-serif',
-  subSpacing: 0,
-  subBold: false,
-  subItalic: false,
-  subBorderSize: 2.5,
-  subShadowOffset: 0,
-  subAssOverride: 'yes',
-  subScaleByWindow: true,
-  subUseMargins: true,
-  osdHeight: 720,
-  osdDimensions: null,
-};
-
-type TypographyTestContext = {
-  dom: {
-    subtitleRoot: { style: CSSStyleDeclaration };
-    subtitleContainer: { style: CSSStyleDeclaration };
-  };
-  state: {
-    currentInvisibleSubtitleLineCount: number;
-    invisibleMeasuredDescentPx: number | null;
-  };
-  platform: {
-    isMacOSPlatform: boolean;
-  };
-};
-
-function withMockedComputedLineHeight(lineHeightPx: number, callback: () => void): void {
-  const originalGetComputedStyle = (globalThis as { getComputedStyle?: unknown }).getComputedStyle;
-  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'getComputedStyle', {
-    configurable: true,
-    value: () =>
-      ({
-        lineHeight: `${lineHeightPx}px`,
-      }) as CSSStyleDeclaration,
-  });
-  try {
-    callback();
-  } finally {
-    if (typeof originalGetComputedStyle === 'function') {
-      Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'getComputedStyle', {
-        configurable: true,
-        value: originalGetComputedStyle,
-      });
-    } else {
-      Reflect.deleteProperty(globalThis, 'getComputedStyle');
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function createStyle(initial: Record<string, string> = {}): CSSStyleDeclaration {
-  const values: Record<string, string> = { ...initial };
-  const target = {
-    setProperty: (name: string, value: string) => {
-      values[name] = value;
-    },
-    getPropertyValue: (name: string) => values[name] ?? '',
-  } as unknown as CSSStyleDeclaration;
-
-  return new Proxy(target, {
-    get(obj, prop) {
-      if (typeof prop === 'string') {
-        if (prop in obj) return obj[prop as keyof CSSStyleDeclaration];
-        return values[prop] ?? '';
-      }
-      return obj[prop as keyof CSSStyleDeclaration];
-    },
-    set(_obj, prop, value) {
-      if (typeof prop === 'string') {
-        values[prop] = String(value);
-        return true;
-      }
-      return false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-function createContext(options: {
-  isMacOSPlatform: boolean;
-  lineCount: number;
-  bottomPx?: number;
-  topPx?: number;
-}): TypographyTestContext {
-  const subtitleRoot = { style: createStyle() };
-  const subtitleContainer = {
-    style: createStyle({
-      bottom: typeof options.bottomPx === 'number' ? `${options.bottomPx}px` : '',
-      top: typeof options.topPx === 'number' ? `${options.topPx}px` : '',
-    }),
-  };
-
-  return {
-    dom: { subtitleRoot, subtitleContainer },
-    state: {
-      currentInvisibleSubtitleLineCount: options.lineCount,
-      invisibleMeasuredDescentPx: null,
-    },
-    platform: {
-      isMacOSPlatform: options.isMacOSPlatform,
-    },
-  };
-}
-
-test('resolveBaselineCompensationPx uses measured descent when present', () => {
-  const compensation = resolveBaselineCompensationPx(10, 2.5, 1);
-  assert.equal(compensation, 16);
-});
-
-test('resolveBaselineCompensationPx falls back to border and shadow compensation when descent missing', () => {
-  const compensation = resolveBaselineCompensationPx(null, 2.5, 1);
-  assert.equal(compensation, 17.5);
-});
-
-test('applyTypography keeps macOS default letter spacing neutral when mpv spacing is zero', () => {
-  const ctx = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 1,
-    bottomPx: 120,
-  });
-
-  withMockedComputedLineHeight(34, () => {
-    applyTypography(ctx as never, {
-      metrics: { ...METRICS, subSpacing: 0 },
-      pxPerScaledPixel: 1,
-      effectiveFontSize: 34,
-    });
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.getPropertyValue('letter-spacing'), '0px');
-});
-
-test('applyTypography applies full mpv letter spacing scale on macOS', () => {
-  const ctx = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 1,
-    bottomPx: 120,
-  });
-
-  withMockedComputedLineHeight(34, () => {
-    applyTypography(ctx as never, {
-      metrics: { ...METRICS, subSpacing: 1.5 },
-      pxPerScaledPixel: 2,
-      effectiveFontSize: 34,
-    });
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.getPropertyValue('letter-spacing'), '3px');
-});
-
-test('applyTypography uses macOS multiline-tuned line-height for invisible overlay', () => {
-  const ctx = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 3,
-    bottomPx: 120,
-  });
-
-  withMockedComputedLineHeight(34, () => {
-    applyTypography(ctx as never, {
-      metrics: METRICS,
-      pxPerScaledPixel: 1,
-      effectiveFontSize: 34,
-    });
-  });
-
-  assert.equal(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.getPropertyValue('line-height'), '1.62');
-});
-
-test('applyVerticalPosition uses subtitle position margin and baseline compensation', () => {
-  const ctx = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 1,
-  });
-
-  applyVerticalPosition(ctx as never, {
-    metrics: { ...METRICS, subPos: 90 },
-    renderAreaHeight: 720,
-    topInset: 0,
-    bottomInset: 10,
-    marginY: 34,
-    borderPx: 2.5,
-    shadowPx: 0,
-    measuredDescentPx: null,
-    vAlign: 0,
-  });
-
-  const bottom = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-  assert.ok(Number.isFinite(bottom));
-  assert.ok(bottom > 90 && bottom < 105);
-});
-
-test('applyVerticalPosition uses measured descent consistently across line counts', () => {
-  const single = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 1,
-  });
-  const dense = createContext({
-    isMacOSPlatform: true,
-    lineCount: 3,
-  });
-
-  applyVerticalPosition(single as never, {
-    metrics: METRICS,
-    renderAreaHeight: 720,
-    topInset: 0,
-    bottomInset: 0,
-    marginY: 34,
-    borderPx: 2.5,
-    shadowPx: 0,
-    measuredDescentPx: 12,
-    vAlign: 0,
-  });
-  applyVerticalPosition(dense as never, {
-    metrics: METRICS,
-    renderAreaHeight: 720,
-    topInset: 0,
-    bottomInset: 0,
-    marginY: 34,
-    borderPx: 2.5,
-    shadowPx: 0,
-    measuredDescentPx: 12,
-    vAlign: 0,
-  });
-
-  const singleBottom = parseFloat(single.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-  const denseBottom = parseFloat(dense.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-  assert.equal(singleBottom, denseBottom);
-});
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c8d526a..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-helpers.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-import type { MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics } from '../../types';
-import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
-
-const INVISIBLE_MACOS_VERTICAL_NUDGE_PX = 5;
-const INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_SINGLE = '1.08';
-const INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_MULTI = '1.35';
-const INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_MULTI_DENSE = '1.48';
-
-let fontMetricsCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement | null = null;
-
-export function applyContainerBaseLayout(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  params: {
-    horizontalAvailable: number;
-    leftInset: number;
-    marginX: number;
-    hAlign: 0 | 1 | 2;
-  },
-): void {
-  const { horizontalAvailable, leftInset, marginX, hAlign } = params;
-
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.position = 'absolute';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.maxWidth = `${horizontalAvailable}px`;
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.width = `${horizontalAvailable}px`;
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.padding = '0';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.background = 'transparent';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.marginBottom = '0';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.left = `${leftInset + marginX}px`;
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.right = '';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.transform = '';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.textAlign = '';
-
-  if (hAlign === 0) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.textAlign = 'left';
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.textAlign = 'left';
-  } else if (hAlign === 2) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.textAlign = 'right';
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.textAlign = 'right';
-  } else {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.textAlign = 'center';
-    ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.textAlign = 'center';
-  }
-
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.display = 'inline-block';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.maxWidth = '100%';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.pointerEvents = 'auto';
-}
-
-export function applyVerticalPosition(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  params: {
-    metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics;
-    renderAreaHeight: number;
-    topInset: number;
-    bottomInset: number;
-    marginY: number;
-    borderPx: number;
-    shadowPx: number;
-    measuredDescentPx: number | null;
-    vAlign: 0 | 1 | 2;
-  },
-): void {
-  const baselineCompensationPx = resolveBaselineCompensationPx(
-    params.measuredDescentPx,
-    params.borderPx,
-    params.shadowPx,
-  );
-
-  if (params.vAlign === 2) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = `${Math.max(
-      0,
-      params.topInset + params.marginY - baselineCompensationPx,
-    )}px`;
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = '';
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (params.vAlign === 1) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = '50%';
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = '';
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.transform = 'translateY(-50%)';
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const subPosMargin = ((100 - params.metrics.subPos) / 100) * params.renderAreaHeight;
-  const effectiveMargin = Math.max(params.marginY, subPosMargin);
-  const bottomPx = Math.max(0, params.bottomInset + effectiveMargin + baselineCompensationPx);
-
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = '';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = `${bottomPx}px`;
-}
-
-export function resolveBaselineCompensationPx(
-  measuredDescentPx: number | null,
-  borderPx: number,
-  shadowPx: number,
-): number {
-  const outlineCompensationPx = Math.max(0, borderPx * 2 + shadowPx);
-  if (typeof measuredDescentPx === 'number' && Number.isFinite(measuredDescentPx) && measuredDescentPx > 0) {
-    return Math.max(0, measuredDescentPx + outlineCompensationPx);
-  }
-
-  return Math.max(0, (borderPx + shadowPx) * 5);
-}
-
-function resolveFontFamily(rawFont: string): string {
-  const strippedFont = rawFont
-    .replace(
-      /\s+(Regular|Bold|Italic|Light|Medium|Semi\s*Bold|Extra\s*Bold|Extra\s*Light|Thin|Black|Heavy|Demi\s*Bold|Book|Condensed)\s*$/i,
-      '',
-    )
-    .trim();
-
-  return strippedFont !== rawFont
-    ? `"${rawFont}", "${strippedFont}", sans-serif`
-    : `"${rawFont}", sans-serif`;
-}
-
-export function resolveInvisibleLineHeight(lineCount: number, isMacOSPlatform: boolean): string {
-  if (!isMacOSPlatform) return 'normal';
-  if (lineCount >= 3) return INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_MULTI_DENSE;
-  if (lineCount >= 2) return INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_MULTI;
-  return INVISIBLE_MACOS_LINE_HEIGHT_SINGLE;
-}
-
-function resolveLetterSpacing(
-  spacing: number,
-  pxPerScaledPixel: number,
-): string {
-  if (Math.abs(spacing) > 0.0001) {
-    return `${spacing * pxPerScaledPixel}px`;
-  }
-
-  return '0px';
-}
-
-function measureFontDescentPx(ctx: RendererContext): number | null {
-  if (typeof document === 'undefined') return null;
-  const computedStyle = getComputedStyle(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot);
-  const font = computedStyle.font?.trim();
-  if (!font) return null;
-
-  if (!fontMetricsCanvas) {
-    fontMetricsCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
-  }
-
-  const context = fontMetricsCanvas.getContext('2d');
-  if (!context) return null;
-
-  context.font = font;
-  const metrics = context.measureText('Hg漢あ');
-  if (!Number.isFinite(metrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent) || metrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent <= 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return metrics.actualBoundingBoxDescent;
-}
-
-function applyComputedLineHeightCompensation(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  effectiveFontSize: number,
-): void {
-  const computedLineHeight = parseFloat(getComputedStyle(ctx.dom.subtitleRoot).lineHeight);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(computedLineHeight) || computedLineHeight <= effectiveFontSize) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const halfLeading = (computedLineHeight - effectiveFontSize) / 2;
-  if (halfLeading <= 0.5) return;
-
-  const currentBottom = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-  if (Number.isFinite(currentBottom)) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = `${Math.max(0, currentBottom - halfLeading)}px`;
-  }
-
-  const currentTop = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top);
-  if (Number.isFinite(currentTop)) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = `${Math.max(0, currentTop - halfLeading)}px`;
-  }
-}
-
-function applyMacOSAdjustments(ctx: RendererContext): void {
-  const isMacOSPlatform = ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform;
-  if (!isMacOSPlatform) return;
-
-  const currentBottom = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(currentBottom)) return;
-
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = `${Math.max(
-    0,
-    currentBottom + INVISIBLE_MACOS_VERTICAL_NUDGE_PX,
-  )}px`;
-}
-
-export function applyTypography(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  params: {
-    metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics;
-    pxPerScaledPixel: number;
-    effectiveFontSize: number;
-  },
-): void {
-  const isMacOSPlatform = ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform;
-  const lineCount = Math.max(1, ctx.state.currentInvisibleSubtitleLineCount);
-  const invisibleLineHeight = resolveInvisibleLineHeight(lineCount, isMacOSPlatform);
-
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.setProperty('--invisible-sub-line-height', invisibleLineHeight);
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.setProperty(
-    'line-height',
-    invisibleLineHeight,
-    isMacOSPlatform ? 'important' : '',
-  );
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.fontFamily = resolveFontFamily(params.metrics.subFont);
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.setProperty(
-    'letter-spacing',
-    resolveLetterSpacing(params.metrics.subSpacing, params.pxPerScaledPixel),
-    isMacOSPlatform ? 'important' : '',
-  );
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.fontKerning = isMacOSPlatform ? 'auto' : 'none';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.fontWeight = params.metrics.subBold ? '700' : '400';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.fontStyle = params.metrics.subItalic ? 'italic' : 'normal';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.transform = '';
-  ctx.dom.subtitleRoot.style.transformOrigin = '';
-  ctx.state.invisibleMeasuredDescentPx = measureFontDescentPx(ctx);
-
-  applyComputedLineHeightCompensation(ctx, params.effectiveFontSize);
-  applyMacOSAdjustments(ctx);
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.test.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 10eddcd..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';
-import { afterEach, test } from 'node:test';
-import type { MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics } from '../../types';
-import {
-  applyPlatformFontCompensation,
-  calculateOsdScale,
-  calculateSubtitleMetrics,
-} from './invisible-layout-metrics';
-
-const BASE_METRICS: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics = {
-  subPos: 100,
-  subFontSize: 40,
-  subScale: 1,
-  subMarginY: 34,
-  subMarginX: 19,
-  subFont: 'sans-serif',
-  subSpacing: 0,
-  subBold: false,
-  subItalic: false,
-  subBorderSize: 2,
-  subShadowOffset: 0,
-  subAssOverride: 'yes',
-  subScaleByWindow: false,
-  subUseMargins: true,
-  osdHeight: 720,
-  osdDimensions: {
-    w: 1920,
-    h: 1080,
-    ml: 100,
-    mr: 100,
-    mt: 80,
-    mb: 60,
-  },
-};
-
-const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
-
-function setWindowDimensions(width: number, height: number, devicePixelRatio: number): void {
-  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
-    configurable: true,
-    value: {
-      innerWidth: width,
-      innerHeight: height,
-      devicePixelRatio,
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-afterEach(() => {
-  Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'window', {
-    configurable: true,
-    value: originalWindow,
-  });
-});
-
-test('calculateSubtitleMetrics uses video insets for scale-by-video even when subUseMargins is true', () => {
-  setWindowDimensions(1920, 1080, 1);
-
-  const ctx = {
-    platform: {
-      isMacOSPlatform: false,
-      isLinuxPlatform: false,
-    },
-  } as const;
-
-  const result = calculateSubtitleMetrics(ctx as never, BASE_METRICS);
-
-  const expectedPxPerScaledPixel = (1080 - 80 - 60) / 720;
-  assert.equal(result.pxPerScaledPixel, expectedPxPerScaledPixel);
-  assert.equal(result.effectiveFontSize, BASE_METRICS.subFontSize * expectedPxPerScaledPixel);
-});
-
-test('calculateSubtitleMetrics keeps osd insets for positioning even when subUseMargins is true', () => {
-  setWindowDimensions(1920, 1080, 1);
-
-  const ctx = {
-    platform: {
-      isMacOSPlatform: false,
-      isLinuxPlatform: false,
-    },
-  } as const;
-
-  const result = calculateSubtitleMetrics(ctx as never, BASE_METRICS);
-
-  assert.equal(result.leftInset, 100);
-  assert.equal(result.rightInset, 100);
-  assert.equal(result.topInset, 80);
-  assert.equal(result.bottomInset, 60);
-  assert.equal(result.horizontalAvailable, 1720);
-});
-
-test('applyPlatformFontCompensation applies calibrated macOS factor', () => {
-  assert.equal(applyPlatformFontCompensation(100, true), 82);
-  assert.equal(applyPlatformFontCompensation(100, false), 100);
-});
-
-test('calculateOsdScale snaps near-DPR macOS ratios to devicePixelRatio', () => {
-  const metrics = {
-    ...BASE_METRICS,
-    osdDimensions: {
-      w: 3024,
-      h: 1701,
-      ml: 116,
-      mr: 116,
-      mt: 28,
-      mb: 28,
-    },
-  };
-
-  const scale = calculateOsdScale(metrics, true, 1728, 972, 2);
-  assert.equal(scale, 2);
-});
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 118eda8..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout-metrics.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-import type { MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics } from '../../types';
-import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
-
-export type SubtitleAlignment = { hAlign: 0 | 1 | 2; vAlign: 0 | 1 | 2 };
-
-export type SubtitleLayoutGeometry = {
-  renderAreaHeight: number;
-  renderAreaWidth: number;
-  leftInset: number;
-  rightInset: number;
-  topInset: number;
-  bottomInset: number;
-  horizontalAvailable: number;
-  marginY: number;
-  marginX: number;
-  pxPerScaledPixel: number;
-  effectiveFontSize: number;
-};
-
-export function calculateOsdScale(
-  metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-  isMacOSPlatform: boolean,
-  viewportWidth: number,
-  viewportHeight: number,
-  devicePixelRatio: number,
-): number {
-  const dims = metrics.osdDimensions;
-
-  if (!isMacOSPlatform || !dims) {
-    return devicePixelRatio;
-  }
-
-  const ratios = [dims.w / Math.max(1, viewportWidth), dims.h / Math.max(1, viewportHeight)].filter(
-    (value) => Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0,
-  );
-
-  const avgRatio =
-    ratios.length > 0
-      ? ratios.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0) / ratios.length
-      : devicePixelRatio;
-
-  const candidates = [1, devicePixelRatio].filter((candidate, index, list) => {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(candidate) || candidate <= 0) return false;
-    return list.indexOf(candidate) === index;
-  });
-
-  const snappedScale = candidates.reduce((best, candidate) => {
-    const bestDistance = Math.abs(avgRatio - best);
-    const candidateDistance = Math.abs(avgRatio - candidate);
-    return candidateDistance < bestDistance ? candidate : best;
-  }, candidates[0] ?? 1);
-
-  if (Math.abs(avgRatio - snappedScale) <= 0.35) {
-    return snappedScale;
-  }
-
-  return avgRatio > 1.25 ? avgRatio : 1;
-}
-
-export function calculateSubtitlePosition(
-  _metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-  _scale: number,
-  alignment: number,
-): SubtitleAlignment {
-  return {
-    hAlign: ((alignment - 1) % 3) as 0 | 1 | 2,
-    vAlign: Math.floor((alignment - 1) / 3) as 0 | 1 | 2,
-  };
-}
-
-function resolveLinePadding(
-  metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-  pxPerScaledPixel: number,
-): { marginY: number; marginX: number } {
-  return {
-    marginY: metrics.subMarginY * pxPerScaledPixel,
-    marginX: Math.max(0, metrics.subMarginX * pxPerScaledPixel),
-  };
-}
-
-export function applyPlatformFontCompensation(
-  fontSizePx: number,
-  isMacOSPlatform: boolean,
-): number {
-  return isMacOSPlatform ? fontSizePx * 0.82 : fontSizePx;
-}
-
-function calculateGeometry(
-  metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-  osdToCssScale: number,
-): Omit<SubtitleLayoutGeometry, 'marginY' | 'marginX' | 'pxPerScaledPixel' | 'effectiveFontSize'> {
-  const dims = metrics.osdDimensions;
-  const renderAreaHeight = dims ? dims.h / osdToCssScale : window.innerHeight;
-  const renderAreaWidth = dims ? dims.w / osdToCssScale : window.innerWidth;
-  const videoLeftInset = dims ? dims.ml / osdToCssScale : 0;
-  const videoRightInset = dims ? dims.mr / osdToCssScale : 0;
-  const videoTopInset = dims ? dims.mt / osdToCssScale : 0;
-  const videoBottomInset = dims ? dims.mb / osdToCssScale : 0;
-
-  // Keep layout anchored to the same drawable video region represented by osd-dimensions.
-  const leftInset = videoLeftInset;
-  const rightInset = videoRightInset;
-  const topInset = videoTopInset;
-  const bottomInset = videoBottomInset;
-  const horizontalAvailable = Math.max(0, renderAreaWidth - leftInset - rightInset);
-
-  return {
-    renderAreaHeight,
-    renderAreaWidth,
-    leftInset,
-    rightInset,
-    topInset,
-    bottomInset,
-    horizontalAvailable,
-  };
-}
-
-export function calculateSubtitleMetrics(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-): SubtitleLayoutGeometry {
-  const osdToCssScale = calculateOsdScale(
-    metrics,
-    ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform,
-    window.innerWidth,
-    window.innerHeight,
-    window.devicePixelRatio || 1,
-  );
-  const geometry = calculateGeometry(metrics, osdToCssScale);
-  const rawVideoTopInset = metrics.osdDimensions ? metrics.osdDimensions.mt / osdToCssScale : 0;
-  const rawVideoBottomInset = metrics.osdDimensions ? metrics.osdDimensions.mb / osdToCssScale : 0;
-  const videoHeight = geometry.renderAreaHeight - rawVideoTopInset - rawVideoBottomInset;
-  const scaleRefHeight = metrics.subScaleByWindow ? geometry.renderAreaHeight : videoHeight;
-  const pxPerScaledPixel = Math.max(0.1, scaleRefHeight / 720);
-  const computedFontSize =
-    metrics.subFontSize * metrics.subScale * (ctx.platform.isLinuxPlatform ? 1 : pxPerScaledPixel);
-  const effectiveFontSize = applyPlatformFontCompensation(
-    computedFontSize,
-    ctx.platform.isMacOSPlatform,
-  );
-  const spacing = resolveLinePadding(metrics, pxPerScaledPixel);
-
-  return {
-    ...geometry,
-    marginY: spacing.marginY,
-    marginX: spacing.marginX,
-    pxPerScaledPixel,
-    effectiveFontSize,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 130e046..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-layout.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-import type { MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics } from '../../types';
-import type { RendererContext } from '../context';
-import {
-  applyContainerBaseLayout,
-  applyTypography,
-  applyVerticalPosition,
-} from './invisible-layout-helpers.js';
-import { calculateSubtitleMetrics, calculateSubtitlePosition } from './invisible-layout-metrics.js';
-
-export type MpvSubtitleLayoutController = {
-  applyInvisibleSubtitleLayoutFromMpvMetrics: (
-    metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-    source: string,
-  ) => void;
-};
-
-export function createMpvSubtitleLayoutController(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  applySubtitleFontSize: (fontSize: number) => void,
-  options: {
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition: () => void;
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud: () => void;
-  },
-): MpvSubtitleLayoutController {
-  function applyInvisibleSubtitleLayoutFromMpvMetrics(
-    metrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
-    source: string,
-  ): void {
-    ctx.state.mpvSubtitleRenderMetrics = metrics;
-
-    const geometry = calculateSubtitleMetrics(ctx, metrics);
-    const alignment = calculateSubtitlePosition(metrics, geometry.pxPerScaledPixel, 2);
-
-    applySubtitleFontSize(geometry.effectiveFontSize);
-    const effectiveBorderSize = metrics.subBorderSize * geometry.pxPerScaledPixel;
-    const effectiveShadowOffset = metrics.subShadowOffset * geometry.pxPerScaledPixel;
-
-    document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--sub-border-size', `${effectiveBorderSize}px`);
-
-    applyContainerBaseLayout(ctx, {
-      horizontalAvailable: Math.max(
-        0,
-        geometry.horizontalAvailable - Math.round(geometry.marginX * 2),
-      ),
-      leftInset: geometry.leftInset,
-      marginX: geometry.marginX,
-      hAlign: alignment.hAlign,
-    });
-
-    applyTypography(ctx, {
-      metrics,
-      pxPerScaledPixel: geometry.pxPerScaledPixel,
-      effectiveFontSize: geometry.effectiveFontSize,
-    });
-
-    applyVerticalPosition(ctx, {
-      metrics,
-      renderAreaHeight: geometry.renderAreaHeight,
-      topInset: geometry.topInset,
-      bottomInset: geometry.bottomInset,
-      marginY: geometry.marginY,
-      borderPx: effectiveBorderSize,
-      shadowPx: effectiveShadowOffset,
-      measuredDescentPx: ctx.state.invisibleMeasuredDescentPx,
-      vAlign: alignment.vAlign,
-    });
-
-    ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseLeftPx = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.left) || 0;
-
-    const parsedBottom = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom);
-    ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseBottomPx = Number.isFinite(parsedBottom) ? parsedBottom : null;
-
-    const parsedTop = parseFloat(ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top);
-    ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseTopPx = Number.isFinite(parsedTop) ? parsedTop : null;
-
-    options.applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition();
-    options.updateInvisiblePositionEditHud();
-
-    if (source !== 'subtitle-change') {
-      console.log('[invisible-overlay] Applied mpv subtitle render metrics from', source);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return {
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleLayoutFromMpvMetrics,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-offset.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-offset.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cff3ac4..0000000
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/invisible-offset.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-import type { SubtitlePosition } from '../../types';
-import type { ModalStateReader, RendererContext } from '../context';
-
-export type InvisibleOffsetController = {
-  applyInvisibleStoredSubtitlePosition: (position: SubtitlePosition | null, source: string) => void;
-  applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition: () => void;
-  updateInvisiblePositionEditHud: () => void;
-  setInvisiblePositionEditMode: (enabled: boolean) => void;
-  saveInvisiblePositionEdit: () => void;
-  cancelInvisiblePositionEdit: () => void;
-  setupInvisiblePositionEditHud: () => void;
-};
-
-function formatEditHudText(offsetX: number, offsetY: number): string {
-  return `Position Edit  Ctrl/Cmd+Shift+P toggle  Arrow keys move  Enter/Ctrl+S save  Esc cancel  x:${Math.round(offsetX)} y:${Math.round(offsetY)}`;
-}
-
-function createEditPositionText(ctx: RendererContext): string {
-  return formatEditHudText(
-    ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx,
-    ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx,
-  );
-}
-
-function applyOffsetByBasePosition(ctx: RendererContext): void {
-  const nextLeft = ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseLeftPx + ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx;
-  ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.left = `${nextLeft}px`;
-
-  if (ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseBottomPx !== null) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = `${Math.max(
-      0,
-      ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseBottomPx + ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx,
-    )}px`;
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = '';
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseTopPx !== null) {
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.top = `${Math.max(
-      0,
-      ctx.state.invisibleLayoutBaseTopPx - ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx,
-    )}px`;
-    ctx.dom.subtitleContainer.style.bottom = '';
-  }
-}
-
-export function createInvisibleOffsetController(
-  ctx: RendererContext,
-  modalStateReader: Pick<ModalStateReader, 'isAnySettingsModalOpen'>,
-): InvisibleOffsetController {
-  function setInvisiblePositionEditMode(enabled: boolean): void {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
-    if (ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditMode === enabled) return;
-
-    ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditMode = enabled;
-    document.body.classList.toggle('invisible-position-edit', enabled);
-
-    if (enabled) {
-      ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditStartX = ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx;
-      ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditStartY = ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx;
-      ctx.dom.overlay.classList.add('interactive');
-      if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-        window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(false);
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (!ctx.state.isOverSubtitle && !modalStateReader.isAnySettingsModalOpen()) {
-        ctx.dom.overlay.classList.remove('interactive');
-        if (ctx.platform.shouldToggleMouseIgnore) {
-          window.electronAPI.setIgnoreMouseEvents(true, { forward: true });
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud();
-  }
-
-  function updateInvisiblePositionEditHud(): void {
-    if (!ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditHud) return;
-    ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditHud.textContent = createEditPositionText(ctx);
-  }
-
-  function applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition(): void {
-    applyOffsetByBasePosition(ctx);
-  }
-
-  function applyInvisibleStoredSubtitlePosition(
-    position: SubtitlePosition | null,
-    source: string,
-  ): void {
-    if (position && typeof position.yPercent === 'number' && Number.isFinite(position.yPercent)) {
-      ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition = {
-        ...ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition,
-        yPercent: position.yPercent,
-      };
-    }
-
-    if (position) {
-      const nextX =
-        typeof position.invisibleOffsetXPx === 'number' &&
-        Number.isFinite(position.invisibleOffsetXPx)
-          ? position.invisibleOffsetXPx
-          : 0;
-      const nextY =
-        typeof position.invisibleOffsetYPx === 'number' &&
-        Number.isFinite(position.invisibleOffsetYPx)
-          ? position.invisibleOffsetYPx
-          : 0;
-      ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx = nextX;
-      ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx = nextY;
-    } else {
-      ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx = 0;
-      ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx = 0;
-    }
-
-    applyOffsetByBasePosition(ctx);
-    console.log(
-      '[invisible-overlay] Applied subtitle offset from',
-      source,
-      `${ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx}px`,
-      `${ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx}px`,
-    );
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud();
-  }
-
-  function saveInvisiblePositionEdit(): void {
-    const nextPosition = {
-      yPercent: ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition.yPercent,
-      invisibleOffsetXPx: ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx,
-      invisibleOffsetYPx: ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx,
-    };
-    window.electronAPI.saveSubtitlePosition(nextPosition);
-    setInvisiblePositionEditMode(false);
-  }
-
-  function cancelInvisiblePositionEdit(): void {
-    ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx = ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditStartX;
-    ctx.state.invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx = ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditStartY;
-    applyOffsetByBasePosition(ctx);
-    setInvisiblePositionEditMode(false);
-  }
-
-  function setupInvisiblePositionEditHud(): void {
-    if (!ctx.platform.isInvisibleLayer) return;
-    const hud = document.createElement('div');
-    hud.id = 'invisiblePositionEditHud';
-    hud.className = 'invisible-position-edit-hud';
-    ctx.dom.overlay.appendChild(hud);
-    ctx.state.invisiblePositionEditHud = hud;
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud();
-  }
-
-  return {
-    applyInvisibleStoredSubtitlePosition,
-    applyInvisibleSubtitleOffsetPosition,
-    updateInvisiblePositionEditHud,
-    setInvisiblePositionEditMode,
-    saveInvisiblePositionEdit,
-    cancelInvisiblePositionEdit,
-    setupInvisiblePositionEditHud,
-  };
-}
diff --git a/src/renderer/positioning/position-state.ts b/src/renderer/positioning/position-state.ts
index a3e8d64..c21ce8d 100644
--- a/src/renderer/positioning/position-state.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/positioning/position-state.ts
@@ -23,25 +23,12 @@ function getPersistedYPercent(ctx: RendererContext, position: SubtitlePosition |
   return position.yPercent;
 }
 
-function getPersistedOffset(
-  position: SubtitlePosition | null,
-  key: 'invisibleOffsetXPx' | 'invisibleOffsetYPx',
-): number {
-  if (position && typeof position[key] === 'number' && Number.isFinite(position[key])) {
-    return position[key];
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
 function updatePersistedSubtitlePosition(
   ctx: RendererContext,
   position: SubtitlePosition | null,
 ): void {
   ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition = {
     yPercent: getPersistedYPercent(ctx, position),
-    invisibleOffsetXPx: getPersistedOffset(position, 'invisibleOffsetXPx'),
-    invisibleOffsetYPx: getPersistedOffset(position, 'invisibleOffsetYPx'),
   };
 }
 
@@ -54,14 +41,6 @@ function getNextPersistedPosition(
       typeof patch.yPercent === 'number' && Number.isFinite(patch.yPercent)
         ? patch.yPercent
         : ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition.yPercent,
-    invisibleOffsetXPx:
-      typeof patch.invisibleOffsetXPx === 'number' && Number.isFinite(patch.invisibleOffsetXPx)
-        ? patch.invisibleOffsetXPx
-        : (ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition.invisibleOffsetXPx ?? 0),
-    invisibleOffsetYPx:
-      typeof patch.invisibleOffsetYPx === 'number' && Number.isFinite(patch.invisibleOffsetYPx)
-        ? patch.invisibleOffsetYPx
-        : (ctx.state.persistedSubtitlePosition.invisibleOffsetYPx ?? 0),
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/state.ts b/src/renderer/state.ts
index 860877a..9bde4fe 100644
--- a/src/renderer/state.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/state.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import type {
   JimakuFileEntry,
   KikuDuplicateCardInfo,
   KikuFieldGroupingChoice,
-  MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics,
   RuntimeOptionId,
   RuntimeOptionState,
   RuntimeOptionValue,
@@ -57,29 +56,6 @@ export type RendererState = {
   sessionHelpModalOpen: boolean;
   sessionHelpSelectedIndex: number;
 
-  mpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: MpvSubtitleRenderMetrics | null;
-  invisiblePositionEditMode: boolean;
-  invisiblePositionEditStartX: number;
-  invisiblePositionEditStartY: number;
-  invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx: number;
-  invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx: number;
-  invisibleLayoutBaseLeftPx: number;
-  invisibleLayoutBaseBottomPx: number | null;
-  invisibleLayoutBaseTopPx: number | null;
-  invisiblePositionEditHud: HTMLDivElement | null;
-  currentInvisibleSubtitleLineCount: number;
-
-  lastHoverSelectionKey: string;
-  lastHoverSelectionNode: Text | null;
-  lastHoveredTokenIndex: number | null;
-  invisibleTokenHoverSourceText: string;
-  invisibleTokenHoverRanges: Array<{
-    start: number;
-    end: number;
-    tokenIndex: number;
-  }>;
-  invisibleMeasuredDescentPx: number | null;
-
   knownWordColor: string;
   nPlusOneColor: string;
   jlptN1Color: string;
@@ -142,25 +118,6 @@ export function createRendererState(): RendererState {
     sessionHelpModalOpen: false,
     sessionHelpSelectedIndex: 0,
 
-    mpvSubtitleRenderMetrics: null,
-    invisiblePositionEditMode: false,
-    invisiblePositionEditStartX: 0,
-    invisiblePositionEditStartY: 0,
-    invisibleSubtitleOffsetXPx: 0,
-    invisibleSubtitleOffsetYPx: 0,
-    invisibleLayoutBaseLeftPx: 0,
-    invisibleLayoutBaseBottomPx: null,
-    invisibleLayoutBaseTopPx: null,
-    invisiblePositionEditHud: null,
-    currentInvisibleSubtitleLineCount: 1,
-
-    lastHoverSelectionKey: '',
-    lastHoverSelectionNode: null,
-    lastHoveredTokenIndex: null,
-    invisibleTokenHoverSourceText: '',
-    invisibleTokenHoverRanges: [],
-    invisibleMeasuredDescentPx: null,
-
     knownWordColor: '#a6da95',
     nPlusOneColor: '#c6a0f6',
     jlptN1Color: '#ed8796',
diff --git a/src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts b/src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0950dde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/yomitan-popup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+export const YOMITAN_POPUP_IFRAME_SELECTOR = 'iframe.yomitan-popup, iframe[id^="yomitan-popup"]';
+export const YOMITAN_POPUP_SHOWN_EVENT = 'yomitan-popup-shown';
+export const YOMITAN_POPUP_HIDDEN_EVENT = 'yomitan-popup-hidden';
+
+export function isYomitanPopupIframe(element: Element | null): boolean {
+  if (!element) return false;
+  if (element.tagName.toUpperCase() !== 'IFRAME') return false;
+
+  const hasModernPopupClass = element.classList?.contains('yomitan-popup') ?? false;
+  const hasLegacyPopupId = (element.id ?? '').startsWith('yomitan-popup');
+  return hasModernPopupClass || hasLegacyPopupId;
+}
+
+export function hasYomitanPopupIframe(root: ParentNode = document): boolean {
+  return root.querySelector(YOMITAN_POPUP_IFRAME_SELECTOR) !== null;
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/ipc/validators.ts b/src/shared/ipc/validators.ts
index 1ee1984..babd923 100644
--- a/src/shared/ipc/validators.ts
+++ b/src/shared/ipc/validators.ts
@@ -40,18 +40,8 @@ export function parseSubtitlePosition(value: unknown): SubtitlePosition | null {
   if (!isObject(value) || !isFiniteNumber(value.yPercent)) {
     return null;
   }
-  const hasX = value.invisibleOffsetXPx !== undefined;
-  if (hasX && !isFiniteNumber(value.invisibleOffsetXPx)) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const hasY = value.invisibleOffsetYPx !== undefined;
-  if (hasY && !isFiniteNumber(value.invisibleOffsetYPx)) {
-    return null;
-  }
   return {
     yPercent: value.yPercent,
-    invisibleOffsetXPx: hasX ? (value.invisibleOffsetXPx as number) : undefined,
-    invisibleOffsetYPx: hasY ? (value.invisibleOffsetYPx as number) : undefined,
   };
 }